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Background: In a standard IVF (in-vivo fertilization) procedure, the embryos formed after the fertilization of male and female gametes are allowed to grow for 3-5 days and then transferred back to the uterine cavity of the female, where they might get attached and start to grow. Objective of this study was to compare clinical pregnancy rate of fresh embryo transfers and frozen-thawed embryo transfers.Methods: This is a retrospective case control study in patients undergoing IVF /ICSI cycles from January 2018 to December 2018 were enrolled in assisted reproduction. Total of 200 women which contains 118 fresh embryo transfers and 82 frozen-thawed embryo transfers are studied.Results: Clinical pregnancy rates of fresh cleavage-stage embryo transfers compared with frozen-thawed cleavage-stage embryo transfers, were (53.3% versus 39.6%). Ectopic pregnancy is also significant in comparison. In patients under 35 years of ages and (57.1% versus 12.5%). In patients older than 35 years old, respectively. The multiple pregnancy rates, abortion rates and ectopic pregnancy rates did not differ significantly among the groups. Multiple pregnancy rate and abortion rate is significantly high in frozen-thawed blastocyst transfer than fresh embryo transfer. Whereas the ectopic pregnancy rates had no difference in both groups.Conclusions: The clinical pregnancy rates in fresh embryo transfer is high than that of frozen-thawed blastocyst.
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Background: Elective frozen embryo transfer (FET), has recently increased significantly with improvements in cryopreservation techniques. Observational studies and randomized controlled trials suggested that the endometrium in stimulated cycles is not optimally prepared for implantation; risk of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome reduced and pregnancy rates increased following FET and perinatal outcomes are less affected after FET. However, the evidence is not unequivocal and recent randomised control trials challenge the use of elective FET for the general IVF population. Pregnancy rates were analysed in a cohort of patients undergoing embryo transfers.Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study of patients who underwent embryo transfers from April 2018 to March 2019 at study centre in Surat.175 cycles of embryo transfers (119 fresh and 56 frozen) were included in the study. Outcomes measured were positive pregnancy, clinical pregnancy and ongoing clinical pregnancy rates achieved in the IVF-ET cycles.Results: There were no statistically significant differences between positive pregnancy rate (54.6% versus 60.7%, Odds ratio (OR) 0.78; 95% Confidence Interval (CI) 0.41-1.49), clinical pregnancy rate (48.73% versus 57.14%, OR 0.52; 95% CI 0.1- 2.64) and ongoing clinical pregnancy rate (45.38% versus 51.78% OR 1.4; 95% CI 0.29 - 6.67) in fresh ET and FET cycles, respectively, p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant for all measures.Conclusions: Despite the observed higher rates of positive biochemical, clinical and ongoing clinical pregnancy per transfer in the FET cohort, these did not reach statistical significance. Thus, both transfer strategies are reasonable options, although there is a trend favouring the freeze-all strategy.
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[Objective]To investigate the relationship of baseline antimullerian hormone(AMH)and live birth rate of IVF/ICSI and further explore the prognostic effect of AMH on live birth rate.[Methods]All non-polycystic ovary patients who underwent their first embryo transfers in our unit and had basal serum AMH evaluated between 2010 and 2015 were evaluated in this retrospective study. Patients were grouped according to their AMH level,i.e. low AMH group with AMH less than 1.1 ng/mL(n = 485),middle AMH group with AMH between 1.1 ng/mL and 7.0 ng/mL (n = 1 989),and high AMH group with AMH higher than 7.0 ng/mL (n=468). For age subgroup analysis,patients were stratified as follow:group A(age≤29 years),group B(30~34 years),group C(35~39 years)and group D(over 40 years). We compared clinical outcomes between AMH groups in different age groups usingunivariate and multivariate analysis. ROC analysis was utilized to assess predictive value of AMH on live birth rate.[Results](1)In both fresh and frozen embryo transfers,baseline AMH was significantly related to clinical outcomes. The lower AMH was,the lower implantation rate,clinical pregnancy rate,and live birth rate. However,higher miscarriage rate was observed. All difference reached statistically significant.(2)In age subgroup analysis,we demonstrated AMH was related to live birth rate in patients in group A,B, and C,regardless of fresh or frozen embryo transferred. In those over 40 years,AMH was related to live birth rate in frozen cycles (P < 0.05)but not fresh cycles(P = 0.092). The further multivariate analysis confirmed the above results after controlling po?tential confounding variables.(3)The AUC of ROC analysis for AMH predicting live birth rate were 0.647,0.633 for fresh and fro?zen cycles respectively.[Conclusion]Baseline AMH as one of excellent ovarian reserve markers ,was significantly related to live birth rate in fresh or frozen cycles. Baseline AMH was an independent prognostic factor of live birth rate,but its predictive value on live birth rate was of limited clinical value.
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As one of the earliest markers for predicting pregnancy outcomes,human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) values have been inconclusive on reliability of the prediction after frozen and fresh embryo transfer (ET).In this retrospective study,patients with positive hCG (day 12 after transfer) were included to examine the hCG levels and their predictive value for pregnancy outcomes following 214 fresh and 1513 vitrified-warmed single-blastocyst transfer cycles.For patients who got clinical pregnancy,the mean initial hCG value was significantly higher after frozen cycles than fresh cycles,and the similar result was demonstrated for patients with live births (LB).The difference in hCG value existed even after adjusting for the potential covariates.The area under curves (AUC) and threshold values calculated by receiver operator characteristic curves were 0.944 and 213.05 mIU/mL for clinical pregnancy after fresh ET,0.894 and 399.50 mIU/mL for clinical pregnancy after frozen ET,0.812 and 222.86 mIU/mL for LB after fresh ET,and 0.808 and 410.80 mIU/mL for LB after frozen ET with acceptable sensitivity and specificity,respectively.In conclusion,single frozen blastocyst transfer leads to higher initial hCG values than single fresh blastocyst transfer,and the initial hCG level is a reliable predictive factor for predicting IVF outcomes.
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Objective Assisted reproductive technology ( ART) is associated with an increased incidence of offspring de-fects.The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of embryo vitrification in in vitro fertilization ( IVF) on the growth and devel-opment of the offspring by comparing the development status of mouse offspring from fresh embryo versus vitrified embryo transplanta-tion. Methods This study included three groups of mouse offspring , from natural fertilization ( n=12 ) , fresh embryo transplanta-tion (FET, n=9), and vitrified embryo transplantation (VET, n=9).We compared the body weight and body fat content in the sex-ually mature stage among the three groups of mice . Results No obvious differences were found in the morphology of the embryos be-tween the FET and VET groups .The body weight of the mouse offspring was significantly higher in the VET than in the natural control group at 0 postnatal (PN) week (P<0.01) and 12 PN weeks (P<0.01), and so was it in the FET group than in the control at 0 PN week (P<0.01) and 6 PN weeks (P<0.05).The body fat content at sexual maturity was remarkably higher in the VET than in the FET and control groups ([9.32 ±4.34] vs [5.24 ±2.56] and [2.80 ± 0.48] g, P<0.05), and so was the muscle content in the VET than in the control ([33.77 ±4.22] vs [27.50 ±1.79] g, P<0.01). Conclusion In IVF, fresh embryo transplantation has less interference with the growth and development of mouse offspring than vitri-fied embryo transplantation .
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Objective To understand the clinical outcomes of frozen embryo transfer and fresh embryo transfer.Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of 870 cases receiving embryo transfer at the Reproductive Medical Center of Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital from January 2013 to March 2014,including 577 cases of in vitro fertilization and fresh embryo transfer,118 cases of intracytoplasmic sperm injection and fresh embryo transfer and 175 cases of frozen thawed embryo transfer,to compare the clinical characteristics and outcomes between fresh embryo transfer group and frozen embryo transfer group (the patients who had received unsuccessful fresh embryo transfer).The frozen embryo transfer group was divided into pregnant subgroup and non pregnant subgroup to further comparison.Binary logistic regression analyses was performed to identify the influencing factors of pregnancy.Results The implantation rate and clinical pregnancy rate were significantly lower in frozen embryo transfer group than in fresh embryo transfer group (26.27％ vs.31.98％,P=0.01 and 47.43％ vs.65.18％,P＜0.001).The differences in abortion rate,biochemical pregnancy rate and fetal birth weight had no statistical significance between the two groups (P=0.63,P=0.17 and P=0.33).The difference in age between pregnant subgroup and non pregnant subgroup was statistical significant (30.69 ± 3.37 years vs.32.00 ± 5.09 years,P=0.03),but no significant differences were found in BMI,duration of infertility and basic endocrine between the two subgroups.Binary logistic regression analysis showed that receiving frozen embryo transfer or not (P＜0.001),wife's age (P＜0.001),BMI (P=0.011) and number of top quality embryos (P＜0.001) were influencing factors of pregnancy.Conclusion Lower implantation rate and clinical pregnancy rate was observed in the patients in frozen embryo transfer group,who had received unsuccessful fresh embryo transfer,but no increase of abortion rate,influence on fetal birth weight and adverse pregnancy outcome were observed.