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Objective: To predict the action targets and signaling pathways of triterpenes and their glycosides in Fructus Trichosanthis,and build the triterpenes and their glycosides-targets-signaling pathways network diagram. Mehtods: The targets of ac- tive ingredients were predicted by using DRAR-CPI database for 19 classes of known triterpenes and their glycosides in Fructus Tricho- santhis,such as 3,29-dibenzoyl rarounitrol,etc. The information of targets was annotated with the DAVID biomolecular function soft- ware,and a triterpenes and their glycosides-targets-signaling pathways network diagram was built through Gephi software. Results: The network analysis indicated that the triterpenes and their glycosides in Fructus Trichosanthis involved 31 targets,including IL10, TXNRD1 and RGS1,46 biological processes and 23 signaling pathways. Conclusion: The triterpenes and their glycosides in Fructus Trichosanthis may exert their effect via acting on multi-targets and multi-pathways,and the present results provide a theoretical basis for in-depth interpretation of the pharmacological effects and related mechanisms of triterpenes and their glycosides in Fructus Tricho- santhis.
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OBJECTIVE: To investigate the status of pesticide residues in Fructus Trichosanthis. METHODS: Seventy kinds of pesticide residues were detected by GC-MS-MS and 150 kinds of pesticide residues were detected by HPLC-MS-MS in 84 samples of Fructus Trichosanthis from leading producers of 11 provinces. RESULTS: The detection rate of pesticide residues in 84 Fructus Trichosanthis samples was 95.2%, with only 4 batch of samples without pesticide residues detection. Endosulfan sulfate, diphenlamine, fenvalerate, chlorantraniliprole, carbendazim, cyhalothrin, and bifenthrin had the highest detection rates, all above 10%. CONCLUSION: The detection rate of pesticide residues in Fructus Trichosanthis is high, but most of the detected pesticides have low contents, with few samples exceeding the limits.
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Objective To analyze the change in infrared(IR)spectral information and to screen out the classification of major compounds affecting information difference in IR spectra of Trichosanthes before and after steaming. Methods The similarity between the original IR fingerprint and the first derivative IR fingerprint of Trichosanthes and their steamed products was calculated by using the Computer Aided Similarity Evaluation System. The principal component analysis(PCA)model and the partial least squares dis-criminant analysis(PLS-DA)model of IR spectral data of Trichosanthes before and after steaming were established by using SIMCA-P 11 statistical software for PCA and PLS-DA,and the classification of major compounds affecting information difference in IR spectra of Trichosanthes before and after steaming was selected by 3D scatter plot,load 3D scatter plot and variable important in project(VIP) value. Results The similarity between the original IR fingerprint and first derivative IR fingerprint of Trichosanthes and their steamed products were 0.9165 and 0.2832. Seven VIP>1 spectral peaks were screened out by using SIMCA-P 11 statistical software,of which,the absorption peak of 1456 cm-1 was νc=c,the absorption peak of 1726 cm-1 was νc=o and the VIP values were 1.6290 and 1.4256 respectively. Conclusion The categories of compounds of Trichosanthes before and after steaming did not change,but the chemical components changed. Compounds of Trichosanthes before and after steaming affect the difference in IR spectral information may mainly contain C=C-C=C or C=O or both of them.
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Objective To optimize the color conditions of spectrophotometric determination of total saponins in Fructus Trichosanthis. Methods Several factors affecting the content determination of total saponins in Fructus Trichosanthis were studied , including the color temperature,color time,5%vanillin-acetic acid dosage,as well as the amount of perchloric acid. The analysis con-ditions were optimized by Box-Behnken response surface method. Results The optimized conditions were:temperature 60℃,the col-or time 25 min,5%vanillin-acetic acid 0.1 ml and perchloric 0.6 ml. The color was stable and the determination results were accurate. Conclusion The color conditions determined by Box-Behnken response surface method can be used for content determination of total saponins in Fructus Trichosanthis.
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Objective To optimize the color conditions of spectrophotometric determination of total saponins in Fructus Trichosanthis. Methods Several factors affecting the content determination of total saponins in Fructus Trichosanthis were studied, including the color temperature, color time, 5% vanillin-acetic acid dosage, as well as the amount of perchloric acid. The analysis conditions were optimized by Box-Behnken response surface method. Results The optimized conditions were: temperature 60°C, the col or time 25 min, 5% vanillin-acetic acid 0.1 ml and perchloric 0.6 ml. The color was stable and the determination results were accurate. Conclusion The color conditions determined by Box-Behnken response surface method can be used for content determination of total saponins in Fructus Trichosanthis.
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OBJECTIVE: To study the chemical constituents of different solvent extracts from Fructus Trichosanthis, and to study their antioxidant activity and protection of myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury in rats. METHODS: The chemical constituents in different solvent extracts were determined by UV-Vis spectrophotometry. Myocardial ischemia reperfusion model was made by ligation of left coronary artery in rats. Rats were randomly divided into 6 groups, with 6 rats in each group. The sham operation group and the model groups were respectively given normal saline, Fructus Trichosanthis (equivalent to crude drug 22.5 g·kg-1), compound Danshen dripping pill group(0.085 g·kg-1). Medicines were given once a day for 7 d. After the last drug 1 h, left coronary artery was ligated for 30 min and then reperfusion was established for 120 min by removing the ligation. During this time, ECG was recorded. At the end, animals were euthanized. Blood was collected to evaluate the contents of CK-MB, MYO-MB, cTnT. The heart was removed and fixed to observe the changes of myocardial tissue by optical microscope. RESULTS: Compared with the water extract group and the alcohol extract group of Fructus Trichosanthis, the total amino acids content of Fructus Trichosanthis dichloromethane extract was not detected, but the content of total flavonoids is higher (P < 0.01). Compared with the water extraction liquid of Fructus Trichosanthis, the antioxidant properties on DPPH radical of Fructus Trichosanthis dichloromethane extract group is lower (P < 0.01), and the antioxidant activity on-OH free radical of the alcohol extract of Fructus Trichosanthis group is lower (P < 0.01). Compared with model group, the elevation of ST segment of electrocardiogram was significantly suppressed in each group during reperfusion (P < 0.01 or P < 0.05). The plasma CK-MB, cTnT and MYO-MB in water extract group were significant lowered (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The extraction of Fructus Trichosanthis is able to decrease the production of oxidants. The water extract of Fructus Trichosanthis could ameliorate myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury.
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OBJECTIVE: To study the chemical fingerprint features and the quantitative analysis of 6 components of Fructus Trichosanthis and its steamed products. METHODS: The chemical fingerprints were established by HPLC with 10 batches of Fructus Trichosanthis and their steamed products, and the contents of 5-hydroxymethyl furfural, vanillic acid, rutin, isoquercitrin, quercetin and luteolin in Fructus Trichosanthis and their steamed products were quantitatively analyzed. The similarity of Fructus Trichosanthis and its steamed products was calculated by the correlation coefficient method and the included angle cosine method, and the contents of 6 components were tested by means of calibration curve. RESULTS: The 10 batch of Fructus Trichosanthis similarity was from 0.82 to 0.86, and the 10 batch of Fructus Trichosanthis steamed products similarity was from 0.97 to 0.98, there was significant difference between the two (P < 0.01). Compared with Fructus Trichosanthis, the contents of 5-hydroxymethyl furfural, vanillic acid, quercetin and luteolin content in steamed products showed significant changes (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: Before and after Fructus Trichosanthis steamed, the change of fingerprint feature and changes of the component content provide experimental basis for further studies of Fructus Trichosanthis and its steamed products.
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Objective: To explore whether the basic principle of Fisher component analysis(FCA) can be used in the category analysis of Fructus Trichosanthis fruit and its processed products. Methods: Their fingerprints were established by using HPLC-PDAD, and the standard fingerprints of them were obtained by digitizing with quercetin as the internal reference peak. Then, their chemical fingerprint information was extracted by FCA and classified by quality model, and the classification results were compared with those classified by principal component analysis and standard atlas analysis. Results: Fructus Trichosanthis and its processed products can be accurately divided into two categories by FCA. Conclusion: FCA can extract the implied chemical information in fingerprints, and analyze them accurately.
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Objective To explore whether the basic principle of Fisher component analysis(FCA)can be used in the catego?ry analysis of Fructus Trichosanthis fruit and its processed products. Methods Their fingerprints were established by using HPLC-PDAD,and the standard fingerprints of them were obtained by digitizing with quercetin as the internal reference peak. Then,their chemical fingerprint information was extracted by FCA and classified by quality model,and the classification results were compared with those classified by principal component analysis and standard atlas analysis. Results Fructus Trichosanthis and its processed products can be accurately divided into two categories by FCA. Conclusion FCA can extract the implied chemical information in fin?gerprints,and analyze them accurately.
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Objective: To compare pharmacodynamics properties between the extracts of Fructus Trichosanthis and Bulbus allii(water extraction, WE; ethanol extraction, EE). Methods: To establish model of normobaric hypoxia in mice with isoprenaline; determinated the coronary blood flow of isolated guinea pig heart and rabbits platelet aggregation induced by ADP in vitro. Results: EE was more effective than WE on the prolongation of survival time of mice; EE and WE significantly increased coronary blood flow and inhibited platelet aggregation at the same dose. Conclusion: At the same dose, the effect of EE is superior to WE.