Association between fruit consumption and stroke in adults in Qingdao: a prospective study / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective@#To understand the fruit consumption of adults of Qingdao and examine the association between fruit consumption and stroke.@*Methods@#We analyzed baseline data and stroke incidence of the participants who were aged 30-79 years and had been enrolled into the China Kadoorie Biobank (CKB) study from Qingdao city. Cox proportional hazards regression model was conducted to estimate the association of fruit consumption with risk of stroke.@*Results@#A total of 35 509 participants were investgated in the baseline survey. Ratio of male to female was 1∶1.27, and the average age was (50.3±10.2) years. Respondents with higher frequency of fruit consumption were younger, more women, with higher education level and higher income (P<0.05). A total of 1 011 new cases of stroke were observed, with a stroke incidence of 387.63/100 000 person-years. Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that fruit consumption had a protective effect on stroke incidence. Compared to the respondents who never consumed fruit, respondents who consumed fruit more than 4 days per week had a 44% lower risk of stroke incidence (HR=0.56, 95%CI: 0.50-0.62, P<0.05), and the risk reduced by 46% (HR=0.54, 95%CI: 0.46-0.64, P<0.05) and 42% (HR=0.58, 95%CI: 0.52-0.69, P<0.05) in male and female, respectively. Further adjustment for WC, BMI, SBP and random blood glucose did not change the association.@*Conclusion@#Increasing fruit consumption can effectively decrease the risk of stroke. People should increase fruit consumption advisably to set up reasonable and healthy dietary habits.

Consumo de frutas no Brasil e prevalência de obesidade / Fruit intake and obesity Fruit and vegetables consumption and obesity in Brazil

INTRODUCTION: Obesity affects more than half of the adult population and correlates with the development of chronic and psychosocial diseases. The consumption of fruits and vegetables (FV) is a protective factor for obesity, but their consumption is often below the recommendations. OBJECTIVE: To identify the level of fruit consumption in human development cycles, as well as the data on the association of fruit consumption with excess weight in Brazil. METHODS: A non-systematic literature review on the Virtual Health Library (VHL) databases for the period 2005 to 2015. A total of 23 studies were selected in the English and Portuguese languages, according to the study design and population group. Only cohorts and cross sections studies in Brazil were selected. Appropriate FV consumption was considered to be 400 g/day or a frequency of 5 servings/day (3 servings/day of fruits), and overweight was evaluated according to each age group and development cycle. RESULTS: The average consumption for pregnant women was found to be 350 g/day; an inverse relationship was found between total fibre consumption and gestational weight gain. The average consumption of FV for children and adolescents has remained between 30% and 40%, consumption falling with increasing age. Vigitel data between 2006 and 2014 shows an increase in the prevalence of adequate consumption of FV for adults and seniors according to gender, age and education. Appropriate consumption tripled during this period. There was an association between fruit consumption and weight loss, increased risk of obesity, abdominal obesity, hypertriglyceridemia and presence of metabolic syndrome (SM). CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of adequate consumption of FV is low in all regions of Brazil and among all age groups, the highest prevalence is among women and increases with the advance of age, higher education level and higher socioeconomic status. Adequate fruit consumption correlates to weight loss and/or weight gain control of individuals.

INTRODUÇÃO: A obesidade atinge mais da metade da população adulta brasileira e se correlaciona com o desenvolvimento de doenças crônicas e psicossociais. O consumo de frutas, legumes e verduras (FLV) é fator de proteção para obesidade, porém seu consumo está frequentemente abaixo das recomendações. OBJETIVO: Identificar a situação de consumo de frutas no Brasil nos ciclos de desenvolvimento humano, bem como dados de associação do consumo com excesso de peso. MÉTODO: Revisão de literatura não sistemática nas bases de dados BVS, do período de 2005 a 2015. Foram selecionados 23 trabalhos em língua portuguesa e inglesa, segundo desenho e grupo populacional. Foram selecionados apenas coortes e cortes transversais realizados no Brasil. Foi considerado consumo de FLV adequado de 400g/dia ou frequência de 5 porções/dia (3 porções/dia de frutas), e excesso de peso segundo cada faixa etária e ciclo de desenvolvimento. RESULTADOS E DISCUSSÃO: O consumo médio encontrado para gestantes foi de 350g/dia. Foi encontrada relação inversa entre o consumo de fibras totais e o ganho ponderal gestacional. A média de consumo adequado de crianças e adolescentes se manteve entre 30 e 40%, com redução de consumo conforme aumento da idade. Dados da Vigitel entre 2006 e 2014 demonstram aumento na prevalência de consumo adequado de FLV por adultos e idosos conforme sexo, idade e escolaridade. O consumo adequado triplicou neste período. Houve associação entre o consumo de frutas e a perda de peso, risco aumentado de obesidade, obesidade abdominal, hipertrigliceridemia e presença de SM. CONCLUSÕES: Há evidências de baixas prevalências de consumo adequado de FLV em todas as regiões do Brasil e grupos etários, maiores entre as mulheres e conforme o avanço da idade, escolaridade e nível socioeconômico. O consumo adequado de frutas se correlaciona à perda de peso e/ou controle do ganho ponderal dos indivíduos.

Fresh fruit consumption may decrease the long-term risk of acquiring esophageal cancer / 中国肿瘤临床

Objective:To investigate the long-term risk of esophageal cancer from fresh fruit consumption. Methods:In 1985, a total of 29,479 participants aged between 40 and 69 years old were recruited for this study. Demographic characteristics, lifestyle, history of diseases, and food intake frequency were surveyed at the baseline and were then followed up. Through December 31, 2015, a median of 31.79 years of observation was obtained. The primary endpoint was death from esophageal cancer. The hazard ratio and 95%confi-dence intervals for fresh fruit consumption were calculated using a Cox proportional hazard model. Results:Overall, 31.09%of partici-pants reported consuming fresh fruit more than once every week. Compared with participants who never or rarely consumed fresh fruit, those who consumed fresh fruit more than once a week had a lower long-term risk of esophageal cancer. Death rate decreased to 7%among those who ate fresh fruit more than once a week, especially among males (11%) and those with positive smoking history (13%). Conclusion:Fresh fruit consumption is associated with a lower risk of death from esophageal cancer, but the etiological mecha-nism needs to be investigated further.

Intakes and Beliefs of Vegetables and Fruits, Self-Efficacy, Nutrition Knowledge, Eating Behavior of Elementary School Students in Kyunggi Area / 대한지역사회영양학회지

The purpose of this study was to examine vegetable & fruit (V/F) intakes, beliefs and self-efficacy regarding V/F consumption, nutrition knowledge and eating behavior of elementary students. A survey was conducted to the 4th graders (n = 234) at two elementary schools in Guri, Kyunggi-do. About one-fourth of subjects were overweight or obese. Subjects had 4.2 servings of V/F a day, consuming 340.2 g of V/F. Girls consumed significantly more amounts of vegetables than boys (p or = 5 servings of V/F a day) compared to the counterparts showed higher self-efficacy and had better eating behaviors. Nutrition education for children should focus on increasing consumption of V/F, by helping them to increase self-efficacy for eating V/F and to recognize the benefits and reduce the barriers of eating V/F, especially in boys. It is also needed to provide nutrition information for balanced meals or increasing V/F consumption, and help the children to adopt desirable eating behavior.