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ObjectiveTo identify the rate， population characteristics， and vaccination history of repeat infections among previously infected people in the current epidemic based on the rate of repeat infection and population characteristics of different mutant strains at different times in Pudong New Area of Shanghai， and to provide reference for the prevention and control strategies of novel coronavirus repeat infections. MethodsA total of 9 250 investigated subjects were randomly selected from the new cases of asymptomatic infection and confirmed cases reported by Pudong New Area from March to May 2022. The investigation mainly focused on demographic characteristics， nucleic acid or antigen test results， and symptoms after infection. The repeat infection rates among different populations were compared， and logistic regression was used to analyze the impact of gender， age， and vaccination status on repeat infections. ResultsThe survey sample of 9 250 people had a response rate of 81.85%. There were 4 043 males （53.40%） and 3 528 females （46.60%）， with a median age of 34 years old （P25， P75： 7， 61）. The overall vaccine uptake rate was 59.44% （4 500/7 571）. In December of 2022， there were 563 cases of repeat infection， with an infection rate of 7.44%. The lowest rate of repeat infection was seen in the 3‒ year-old group （2.86%） and the highest rate in the 30‒ year-old group （12.42%）， with significant differences between different age groups. The repeated infection rate for those who had completed their vaccinations was significantly lower （6.57%） compared to those who had not （7.11%）. The age groups of 3‒ years， 70‒79 years， as well as individuals who completed full vaccination and received booster shots were protective factors against repeat infections. ConclusionThe overall rate of reinfection among the infected in Shanghai during the spring of 2022 was low in the outbreak of the Omicron variant， and the rate of reinfection in the 3‒ year-old group was significantly lower than in other age groups. Completing the full course of vaccination significantly reduces the risk of reinfection. Although the reinfection rate is high in individuals who received booster shots， it remains a mitigating factor compared to those who do not receive the vaccine. It is recommended to continue monitoring reinfections in key populations and further strengthen immunization efforts.
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AIM: To understand the screening and correction of myopia in children and adolescents from the Gannan region of Gansu Province, and to provide guidance for the prevention and control of myopia.METHODS: A cross-sectional stratified cluster sampling study was conducted to select 2 kindergartens and 12 primary and secondary schools in Hezuo City and Zhouqu County, Gannan region of Gansu Province, two classes were randomly selected from each grade, and the whole class was used as a unit for screening. The screening and correction of myopia in children and adolescents were collected for statistical analysis.RESULTS: A total of 5 072 children and adolescents were selected, and 4 806 valid data were finally included after excluding unqualified records. The overall prevalence of myopia was 45.55%, and the prevalence of myopia showed an increasing trend with the increase of grade(P<0.001). The prevalence of myopia in girls(48.66%)was higher than that in boys(42.18%; P<0.001). The prevalence of myopia increased with age(P<0.001), and the age group of 10-12 years old was the fastest growing for myopia, increasing from 25.62% to 60.57%. Furthermore, moderate myopia and high myopia showed an increasing tread with the increase of the grade(all P<0.001). The overall glasses wearing rate of the Gannan region was 28.55%, with a full correction rate of 50.72%, and the glasses wearing rate showed an increasing trend with the increase of grades(P<0.001). The glasses wearing rate of female students(30.84%)was higher than that of male students(26.69%; P=0.008). The full correction rates of low, moderate and high myopia in junior high were the lowest among the 3 phases of studying. The full correction rate of high myopia was the lowest in all phases of studying.CONCLUSION: The prevalence of myopia in children and adolescents from the Gannan region is lower than the national average, but the myopia of children and adolescents is still a trend of young age and high incidence, and the glasses wearing rate of myopia and full correction rate are low.
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Aim: The effect of Solanum aethiopicum (SA) on the haematological indices of Wistar rats was investigated in this study. Methodology: A total of 20 male Wistar rats with an average 172.45±0.15 g were distributed into four groups (A – D) and allowed to acclimatize for two weeks. Group A served as the control, while groups B, C, and D were given aqueous extracts of SA at doses of 75 mg/kg, 150 mg/kg, and 225 mg/kg per body weight, respectively, every 48 hours for 30 days. After the exposure period, a final evaluation and sacrifice of the rats was performed. Blood sample collection was carried for full blood count and blood film preparation. Results: The result of this study showed that leaf extract of Solanum aethiopicum caused a significant increase in white blood cells (18.18±0.78 - 27.08±2.68 x 103/?l), especially lymphocytes (13.58±2.48 - 30.95±4.65 x 103/?l) in group of rats when compared to control. On the contrary, there was a non-significant reduction in red blood cells (7.78±0.04 - 7.19±0.45 x 106/?l), hemoglobin (16.92±0.62 - 14.55±0.95 g/dl), haematocrit (41.49±0.29 - 38.38±1.68 %), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (21.71±0.91 - 20.30±0.10 ?g) when compared to the control. Platelet (451.25±87.25 - 724.75±249.25 x 103/?l) and Plateletcrit (0.36±0.07 - 0.50±0.17 %) was significantly higher in treated group, while mean platelet volume (8.21±0.31 - 6.98±0.07 ?m3) and platelet distribution width (18.68±1.38 - 15.93±0.73 %) was low when compared with control. Conclusion: The current study has demonstrated that the leaves of Solanum aethiopicum may be safe to consume in regulated amount, as it has been shown to boost blood indices. These plant extracts may be utilized as a blood promoting potentials as it has been shown to strengthens the body's immune system particularly cell-mediated immunity, have no hemotoxic impact on the red blood cell and its indices and improve the ability for the body to repair itself as seen from the platelet count and its indices.
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Although the fees for the implementation of antimicrobial stewardship (AS addition) were newly established in the 2018 revision of medical fees, more detailed activities and issues of pharmacists at facilities calculating AS addition have not been clarified so far. Therefore, to understand the current status of AS activities and problems, we conducted a questionnaire survey of facilities that calculate the additional fee for infection prevention measures 1 and investigated whether there are differences in AS activities between facilities where pharmacists are full-time employees and facilities where non-pharmacists are full-time employees. The results showed that the number of antimicrobial agents used by full-time pharmacists was larger than that by non-pharmacists. In addition, the frequency of AS was lower for non-full-time workers than for full-time workers, with most full-time workers performing AS every day, while non-full-time workers performing AS two to three days a week. In addition, non-full-time workers lacked human resources and work time, and did not have sufficient work materials. The survey revealed that AS activities’ current status and problems differ between full-time and non-full-time employees.
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OBJECTIVES@#To investigate the level of neuropsychological development in large for gestational age (LGA) infants at the age of 12 months.@*METHODS@#The infants, aged 12 to <13 months, who attended the Outpatient Service of Child Care in the First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University from December 2021 to June 2023, were enrolled as subjects. According to the gestational age and birth weight, they were divided into preterm appropriate for gestational age (AGA) group, preterm LGA group, early term AGA group, early term LGA group, full-term AGA group, and full-term LGA group. A modified Poisson regression analysis was used to investigate the association between LGA and neuropsychological development outcome at 12 months of age.@*RESULTS@#After adjustment for confounding factors, compared with the full-term AGA group at the age of 12 months, the full-term LGA group had a significant increase in the risk of language deficit (RR=1.364, 95%CI: 1.063-1.750), the early term LGA group had significant increases in the risk of abnormal gross motor, fine motor, language, and the preterm LGA group had significant increases in the risk of abnormal language, social behavior, and total developmental quotient (P<0.05); also, the early term AGA group had higher risks of developmental delay across all five attributes and in total developmental quotient at the age of 12 months (P<0.05); except for the language attribute, the preterm AGA group had higher risks of developmental delay in the other 4 attributes (P<0.05).@*CONCLUSIONS@#The neuropsychological development of LGA infants with different gestational ages lags behind that of full-term AGA infants at 12 months of age, and follow-up and early intervention of such infants should be taken seriously in clinical practice.
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Infant, Newborn , Infant , Child , Humans , Birth Weight , Infant, Large for Gestational Age , Infant, Small for Gestational Age , Gestational Age , Child HealthABSTRACT
Based on the dual needs of analgesia and anti-inflammation in trauma treatment, this study uses acetaminophen and moxifloxacin hydrochloride as active pharmaceutical ingredients and develops a composite bilayer tablet with a dual-phase drug release system by using binder jet 3D printing technology. Due to the complexity of the 3D printing process, there is an interaction between the various parameters. Through the optimization of the process, the relationship between the key process parameters can be determined more intuitively. In this study, the process of extended-release tablets was optimized to maintain the mechanical properties of the tablets while realizing the regulation of release. The full-factor experimental design of three central points 23 was used to analyze the factors that significantly affect the quality attributes of extended-release tablets and the interaction between factors. The optimal extended-release process parameters were obtained by the response optimizer: the inkjet quantity of the printing ink was 10 (about 13.8 pL), the powder thickness was 180 μm, and the running speed was 360 mm·s-1. The in vitro of release of 3D printed composite bilayer tablets showed that the in vitro of release of 3D printed tablets and commercially available tablets conformed to the Ritger-Peppas release model. The results of porosity showed that the immediate-release layer of the preparation has many pores and large pore size, and the dissolution of the immediate release layer within 15 min was greater than 85%. The internal pore size of the extended release layer is large, but it can still release slowly for up to 8 h, the mechanism may be related to the extended release of HPMC gelation. On the basis of verifying the rationality of the design goal of 3D printed composite bilayer tablets, this study also provides a theoretical basis for the preparation of 3D printing complex preparations.
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Objective:To explore the development, application and practical experience of investigator-initiated integrated clinical research information platform.Methods:The process of developing and constructing an integrated clinical research platform in a tertiary hospital in Beijing was introduced, the functions and advantages of the platform were described and displayed, and the main problems and risk points in the development and construction process were analyzed.Results:The integrated clinical research platform meets the management requirements of clinical research initiated by investigators, and the standardized management of the whole life cycle of the project can be realized through the platform, and the key issues of data security, information capture, sharing and interoperability need to be further explored in terms of platform docking.Conclusions:The integrated clinical research platform effectively improves the standardization, management quality and efficiency of investigator-initiated clinical research.
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Objective:To summarize the thoracic and abdominal CT presentations after endoscopic full-thickness resection (EFR) and to analyze its significance in the evaluation and management of postoperative complications.Methods:Data of 82 patients who underwent gastrointestinal EFR at the Endoscopy Center of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University and received a chest and/or abdominal CT within 1 week from September 2016 to September 2021 were collected retrospectively. The patients were divided into the intervention group ( n=38) and the control group ( n=44) according to the presence or absence of special postoperative interventions or prolonged hospital stays. The differences in the incidence of abnormal CT presentations between the two groups were analyzed. Risk factors for abnormal CT presentation were explored by multifactorial analysis. Results:Among the 82 patients, the main CT presentations were pneumoperitoneum in 51 patients (62.2%), abdominal and pelvic effusion in 30 patients (36.6%), pneumothorax in 5 (6.1%), pleural effusion in 43 (52.4%), and pulmonary inflammation in 16 (19.5%). The incidence of pelvic and abdominal effusions ( W=637.48, P=0.031) and pleural effusions ( W=622.06, P=0.031) in CT was higher in the intervention group than that in the control group. Age was an independent risk factor for air-related complications after EFR (>60 years old VS ≤60 years old: OR=0.17, 95% CI: 0.05-0.56, P=0.002). Conclusion:CT presentations of pelvic and abdominal effusion and pleural effusion after EFR is of great significance in suggesting complications, while patients with other CT presentations often do not require special intervention or prolonged hospital stay. Postoperative CT in elderly patients is less likely to detect air-related complications.
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Objective:To compare the safety and effectiveness of endoscopic full-thickness resection (EFR) and cap-assisted endoscopic full-thickness resection (EFR-C) in the treatment of small gastric stromal tumors (≤1.5 cm) in the elderly (≥60 years old).Methods:Data of elderly patients with small gastric stromal tumors who received EFR (41 cases) or EFR-C (25 cases) at Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital from May 2012 to August 2020 were analyzed retrospectively. The clinicopathological characteristics, the procedures, intraoperative and postoperative complications, postoperative efficacy and economic benefits were compared between the two groups.Results:The R0 resection rates of the EFR group and the EFR-C group were 95.1% (39/41) and 100% (25/25), respectively. The operation time [45.0 (32.5, 66.5) min VS 30.0 (20.0, 42.5) min, U=259.500, P=0.001] and resection time [30.0 (20.0, 50.5) min VS 9.0 (6.5, 16.5) min, U=127.000, P<0.001] of the EFR group were significantly longer than those of the EFR-C group. The rate of hot clamp use in the EFR group was higher than that in the EFR-C group [75.6% (31/41) VS 12.0% (3/25), χ ２=25.159, P<0.001]. The postoperative white blood cell count [8.3 (6.6,10.4)×10 9/L VS 6.3 (5.0,7.7) ×10 9/L, U=271.000, P=0.001] and postoperative neutrophil percentage (77.6%±8.8% VS 73.0%±6.8%, t=2.256, P=0.027) in the EFR group were higher than those in the EFR-C group. The postoperative antibiotic day in the EFR group was longer than that in the EFR-C group (2.8±2.0 days VS 1.0±2.0 days, t=3.625, P=0.001). The hospitalization costs in the EFR group were significantly higher than those in the EFR-C group (20 595.0±3 653.3 yuan VS 13 209.0±4 458.9 yuan, t=7.323, P<0.001). There was no recurrence or metastasis during the follow-up period. Conclusion:EFR and EFR-C are safe and effective for the treatment of small gastric stromal tumors in the elderly. Compared with EFR, EFR-C needs shorter operation time and lower medical costs, yields less postoperative inflammation, and is more suitable for the treatment of small gastric stromal tumors in the elderly.
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Congenital cytomegalovirus (cCMV) infection is a most common congenital infection, which may seriously affect children’s health. The early diagnosis and timely treatment of cCMV are readily missed due to its concealed symptoms, delayed onset and long disease course, leading to long-term disability of the patients. The current screening method is sensitive, non-invasive, inexpensive and convenient, which can effectively reduce the missed diagnosis of cCMV. This article explains the importance of cCMV screening and full course management, focusing on the screening methods, strategies and current problems, as well as the plans of full course management at different stages.
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Objective:To compare radiation dose between digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) and full-field digital mammography (FFDM), and explore the correlation of average glandular dose(AGD) with breast density and compression thickness.Methods:The mammographic data of patients with breast diseases who underwent digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) and the population who underwent full-field digital mammography (FFDM) screening in the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University from October 2020 to May 2022 were retrospectively collected. The compression thickness, compression force and AGD were recorded. According to the 2013 ACR BI-RADS MAMMOGRAPHY, the breast gland density was classified into 4 types: a(glandular tissue<25%), b(glandular tissue 25%~50%), c(glandular tissue 50%~75%) and d(glandular tissue >75%), by two senior doctors engaged in breast imaging diagnosis. The relationships between different gland densities, different compression thicknesses and AGD under FFDM and DBT mode were analyzed.Results:In both FFDM and DBT modes, the AGD increased significantly with the increase of breast density( F=861.63, 617.83, 330.33, 451.45, 290.47, P<0.001), and AGD a<AGD b<AGD c<AGD d. For type c and d breasts undergoing FFDM, AGD was lowest when the compression thickness was 31~40 mm. Under the same compression thickness, The AGD DBT was significantly higher than the AGD FFDMin all types (Type a: t=-17.88, -42.19, -29.90, -28.14, -24.95, P<0.001; Type b: t=-49.18, -35.94, -27.25, -28.37, -24.10, P<0.001; Type c: t=-11.78, -32.90, -23.13, -20.51, -18.24, P<0.001; Type d: t=-7.94, -26.24, -17.24, -15.44, -13.81, P<0.001). The difference between two AGDs of Type d with compression thickness of 61~70 mm was the largest, which was 1.07 mGy (95% CI: 0.92~1.22). The AGD was positively correlated with breast density and compression thickness, and the relationship of FFDM was stronger than that of DBT. Conclusions:The AGD is positively correlated with breast density and compression thickness in mammography. Compared with FFDM, DBT can increase AGD, The AGD would increase in DBT than FFDM but be safe. DBT would be beneficial to patients with breast diseases in clinical practice.
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Objective:To investigate the clinical efficacy of full-endoscopic technique through the posterior cervical Delta large portal for the treatment of cervical spondylotic myelopathy and radiculopathy.Methods:The clinical data were analyzed retrospectively of the 15 patients who had been treated for cervical spondylotic myelopathy or radiculopathy at Orthopedics Department, Jiaxing Xiuzhou District People's Hospital from January 2020 to June 2021. There were 6 males and 9 females, aged from 54 to 76 years (average, 66.2 years). Responsible levels: 3 cases of C3, 4, 4 cases of C4, 5, 7 cases of C5, 6 and 1 case of C6, 7. They were all treated by full-endoscopic technique through the posterior cervical Delta large portal. The therapeutic efficacy was assessed by comparing the neck disability indexes (NDI) and Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) cervical scores at preoperation, 1 and 3 months post-operation, and the last follow-up, and the modified MacNab scores at the last follow-up. The operative effects on cervical curvature and segmental stability were assessed by comparing the C2-7 cobb angles and operative ranges of motion (ROM) at preoperation, 1 and 3 months postoperation, and the last follow-up.Results:All cases completed their operation successfully. The operation time ranged from 56 to 82 min (average, 65.7 min), and the intraoperative blood loss from 10 to 30 mL (average, 20.7 mL). Tissue infection, intraspinal infection, dural tear, nerve root injury or perioperative anesthesia-related complications occurred in none of the patients. All patients were followed up for 6 to 18 months (average 10.8 months). The NDIs at 1 and 3 months post-operation, and the last follow-up (18.54%±3.06%, 14.96%±2.33%, and 12.89%±2.33%) were significantly lower than that before operation (34.19%±3.83%), and those at 3 months postoperation and the last follow-up significantly lower than that at 1 month postoperation ( P<0.05), but there was no significant difference between 3 months postoperation and the last follow-up in NDI ( P>0.05). The JOA scores at 1 and 3 months postoperation, and the last follow-up [(12.28±1.65), (13.30±1.57) and (13.54±1.41) points] were significantly higher than the preoperative value [(9.25±1.49) points] ( P<0.05), but there was no such a significant difference between postoperative time points ( P>0.05). Comparisons between preoperation, 1 and 3 months postoperation, and the last follow-up showed no significant difference in the C2-7 cobb angle or operative ROM ( P>0.05). The modified MacNab scores at the last follow-up resulted in 9 excellent, 5 good and 1 fair cases. Conclusion:In the treatment of cervical spondylotic myelopathy and radiculopathy, the full-endoscopic technique through the posterior cervical Delta large portal shows the advantages of limited invasion and complications, rapid recovery after operation, and little impact on the cervical curvature and segmental stability.
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Objective:To study the clinical significance of alveolar-arterial oxygen gradients (P A-aO 2) for late preterm and full-term infants with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Methods:From January 2020 to June 2022, infants (gestational age ≥34 weeks) diagnosed with ARDS were admitted to the Neonatology Department of our hospital. The infants were assigned into the invasive group and the non-invasive group according to the ventilation mode. The infants with the same gestational age and diagnosed with neonatal wet lung were assigned into the control group. P A-aO 2 levels within 1 h after birth were compared among the three groups. The correlation of P A-aO 2 with ARDS, ventilation mode and duration were studied. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to determine the predictive value of P A-aO 2 within 1 h after birth for ARDS and the need of invasive ventilation. Results:A total of 36 cases were enrolled in the invasive group, 19 cases in the non-invasive group and 50 cases in the control group. Within 1 h after birth, P A-aO 2 in the invasive group was significantly higher than the non-invasive group and the control group ( P<0.05), and the non-invasive group higher than the control group ( P<0.05). Correlation analysis showed that P A-aO 2 within 1 h after birth in the invasive group was positively correlated with the duration of invasive ventilation and total mechanical ventilation ( r=0.601, P<0.001; r=0.504, P=0.002); P A-aO 2 before successful withdrawal of invasive ventilation was not correlated with subsequent non-invasive ventilation duration; and no correlation existed between P A-aO 2 within 1 h after birth and the duration of non-invasive ventilation in the non-invasive group. The area under the ROC curve for P A-aO 2 within 1 h after birth to predict ARDS was 0.875, with a sensitivity of 87.3% and a specificity of 72.0% at a cutoff value of 50.0 mmHg. The area under the ROC curve for predicting the need for invasive ventilation in infants with ARDS was 0.851, with a sensitivity of 80.0% at a cutoff value of 73.3 mmHg and a specificity of 75.0%. Conclusions:Late preterm and full-term infants have a higher risk of ARDS at P A-aO 2>50.0 mmHg within 1 h after birth. Infants with ARDS are more likely to require invasive ventilation if P A-aO 2>73.3 mmHg. The higher the level of P A-aO 2, the longer the duration of invasive ventilation and total duration of mechanical ventilation.
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Irinotecan is an anticancer topoisomerase I inhibitor that acts as a prodrug of the active metabolite, SN-38. Unfortunately, the limited utility of irinotecan is attributed to its pH-dependent stability, short half-life and dose-limiting toxicity. To address this problem, a novel trivalent PEGylated prodrug (PEG-[Irinotecan]3) has been synthesized and its full-profile pharmacokinetics, antitumor activity and toxicity compared with those of irinotecan. The results show that after intravenous administration to rats, PEG-[Irinotecan]3 undergoes stepwise loss of irinotecan to form PEG-[Irinotecan]3‒x (x = 1,2) and PEG-[linker] during which time the released irinotecan undergoes conversion to SN-38. As compared with conventional irinotecan, PEG-[Irinotecan]3 displays extended release of irinotecan and efficient formation of SN-38 with significantly improved AUC and half-life. In a colorectal cancer-bearing model in nude mice, the tumor concentrations of irinotecan and SN-38 produced by PEG-[Irinotecan]3 were respectively 86.2 and 2293 times higher at 48 h than produced by irinotecan. In summary, PEG-[Irinotecan]3 displays superior pharmacokinetic characteristics and antitumor activity with lower toxicity than irinotecan. This supports the view that PEG-[Irinotecan]3 is a superior anticancer drug to irinotecan and it has entered the phase II trial stage.
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More than 30 years of rapid development of endoscopic surgery has led to the mainstreaming of this procedure in many surgical departments in China. Since the first report on endoscopy, it has been used in salivary gland resection for more than 20 years. The overall development of endoscopic surgery indicates that its use in oral and maxillofacial surgery is still in the early exploration stage; it has not yet been maturely developed or applied. Owing to the advancement of other disciplines and corresponding widening experiences in those fields, the development of endoscopic technology in oral and maxillofacial surgery will likely achieve a leapfrogging. Learning from the general development pattern of endoscopy, this research explores the application history, current situation, and future direction of the application of endoscopy in salivary gland surgery.
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Endoscopy/methods , Endoscopes , Salivary Glands/surgery , ChinaABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES@#To investigate the efficacy of different numbers of microhaplotype (MH) loci and the introduction of different reference samples on the identification of full sibling, half sibling and differentiation between full sibling and half sibling kinships, and to explore the effect of changing mutation rate on sibling testing.@*METHODS@#First, a family map involving three generations was established, and four full sibling identification models, five half sibling identification models and five models distinguishing full and half siblings were constructed for different reference samples introduced. Based on the results of the previous study, two sets of nonbinary SNP-MH containing 34 and 54 loci were selected. Based on the above MH loci, 100 000 pairs of full sibling vs. unrelated individuals, 100 000 pairs of half sibling vs. unrelated individuals and 100 000 pairs of full sibling vs. half sibling were simulated based on the corresponding sibling kinship testing models, and the efficacy of each sibling kinship testing model was analyzed by the likelihood ratio algorithm under different thresholds. The mutant rate of 54 MH loci was changed to analyze the effect of mutation rate on sibling identification.@*RESULTS@#In the same relationship testing model, the systematic efficacy of sibling testing was positively correlated with the number of MH loci detected. With the same number of MH loci, the efficacy of full sibling testing was better than that of uncle or grandfather when the reference sample introduced was a full sibling of A, but there was no significant difference in the identification efficacy of the four reference samples introduced for full sibling and half sibling differentiation testing. In addition, the mutation rate had a slight effect on the efficacy of sibling kinship testing.@*CONCLUSIONS@#Increasing the number of MH loci and introducing reference samples of known relatives can increase the efficacy of full sibling testing, half sibling testing, and differentiation between full and half sibling kinships. The level of mutation rate in sibling testing by likelihood ratio method has a slight but insignificant effect on the efficacy.
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Humans , Siblings , Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide , DNA Fingerprinting/methodsABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES@#To calculate the likelihood ratios of incest cases using identity by descent (IBD) patterns.@*METHODS@#The unique IBD pattern was formed by denoting the alleles from the members in a pedigree with a same digital. The probability of each IBD pattern was obtained by multiplying the prior probability by the frequency of non-IBD alleles. The pedigree likelihoods of incest cases under different hypotheses were obtained by summing all IBD pattern probabilities, and the likelihood ratio(LR) was calculated by comparing the likelihoods of different pedigrees.@*RESULTS@#The IBD patterns and the formulae of calculating LR for father-daughter incest and brother-sister incest were obtained.@*CONCLUSIONS@#The calculations of LR for incest cases were illustrated based on IBD patterns.
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Male , Humans , Incest , Siblings , ProbabilityABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES@#To study the detection efficiency of trio full sibling with another known full sibling reference added under different number of autosomal STR typing systems.@*METHODS@#Based on 43 detection systems consisting of 13 to 55 representative autosomal STR loci, 10 000 true families (full sibling group) and 10 000 false families (unrelated individual group) were randomly simulated. The full sibling index (FSI) was calculated based on the method of family reconstruction. The cumulative sibling relationship index (CFSI) of 0.000 1 and 10 000 were used as the evaluation thresholds, and the detection efficiency parameters were calculated and compared with the identification of the duo full sibling testing.@*RESULTS@#With the increasing number of STR loci, the error rate and inability of judgement rate gradually decreased; the sensitivity, specificity, correct rate of judgment and other parameters gradually increased, and the system efficiency gradually improved. Under the same detection system, trio full sibling testing showed higher sensitivity, specificity, system efficiency and lower inability of judgement rate compared with duo full sibling testing. When the system efficiency was higher than 0.85 and inability of judgement rate was less than 0.01%, at least 20 STRs should be detected for trio full sibling testing, which was less than 29 STRs required by duo full sibling testing.@*CONCLUSIONS@#The detection efficiency of trio full sibling testing is superior to that of duo full sibling testing with the same detection system, which is an effective identification scheme for laboratories with inadequate detection systems or for materials with limited conditions.
Subject(s)
Humans , Siblings , Microsatellite Repeats/genetics , DNA Fingerprinting , Gene FrequencyABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE@#To explore correlation between imaging classification of knee osteoarthritis (KOA) and axis angle of tibiofemoral and patellofemoral joints.@*METHODS@#A retrospective analysis of 739 middle-aged and elderly patients with KOA (1 026 knee joints) who underwent vertical X-ray examination of both lower limbs and lateral knee joints from September 2018 to December 2020. Among them, 63 patients with K-L 0 grade (95 knee joints), 100 patients with K-L 1 grade (130 knee joints), 161 patients with K-L 2 grade (226 knee joints), 187 patients with K-L 3 grade (256 knee joints), and 228 patients of K-L 4 grade (319 knee joints). According to relative position of knee joint center and line between hip joint center and ankle joint center, the affected knee was divided into varus group(844 knees joints) and valgus group (182 knees joints). According to Install-Salvati method, the affected knee was divided into three groups, such as high patella (patella height>1.2 mm, 347 knees joints), median patella (patella height ranged from 0.8 to 1.2 mm, 561 knees joints), and low patella (patella height<0.8 mm, 118 knees joints). Lower femur angle, upper tibia angle, femoral neck shaft angle, femoral tibial angle, joint gap angle, hip-knee-ankle angle, patella-femoral angle and patella height among different groups were observed and compared.@*RESULTS@#(1) In varus KOA group, there were statistical differnces in hip-knee-ankle angle, tibiofemoral angle, lower femoral angle, upper tibial angle, joint space angle, and femoral neck shaft angle of patients with different K-L grades (P<0.05). Hip-knee-ankle angle, tibiofemoral angle, lower femoral angle, upper tibial angle, joint space angle and K-L grade were significantly positively correlated at 0.01(P<0.05);femoral neck shaft angle and K-L grade showed negative correlation at 0.01(P<0.05). (2) In valgus KOA group, hip-knee-ankle angle, there were statistical differences in tibiofemoral angle, inferior femoral angle, superior tibial angle, joint space angle, and femoral neck shaft angle of patients with different K-L grades(P<0.05). Hip-knee-ankle angle, tibiofemoral angle, lower femoral angle, upper tibial angle, and femoral neck shaft angle showed negative correlation with K-L grades at level of 0.01 (P<0.05);joint gap angle and K-L grades showed significantly positive correlation at level of 0.01(P<0.05). (3) In high patella group, there were statistically differences in patellar height and patellar femoral angle of different K-L grades(P<0.05);there were no statistical difference in patella height and patellar femoral angle of different K-L grades in median patella group. There was no significant difference in patella heightin low patella group with different K-L grades(P>0.05), and there was statistical difference in patellofemoral angle(P<0.05). Patellar height and patella-femoral angle of high patella group were significantly positively correlated with K-L grades at the level of 0.01 (P<0.05);patella height and patella-femoral angle were not correlated with K-L grades in median patella group(P>0.05). There was no correlation between height of patella and K-L grade in low patella group (P>0.05). There was significant negative correlation between patella-femoral angle and K-L grade at level of 0.05 (P<0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#Inferior femoral angle, tibiofemoral angle, joint gap angle, hip-knee-ankle angle, femoral neck shaft angle and high patella are related to K-L classification of varus KOA, which could be used for early diagnosis and provide objective data for efficacy analysis of conservative treatment.
Subject(s)
Aged , Middle Aged , Humans , Patellofemoral Joint/diagnostic imaging , Osteoarthritis, Knee/diagnostic imaging , Retrospective Studies , Knee Joint , Femur/diagnostic imaging , TibiaABSTRACT
AIM: To analyze the effect of full-femtosecond small incision lenticule extraction(SMILE)on the treatment of high myopia based on propensity score matching.METHODS: A total of 48 cases(48 eyes)of high myopia patients who underwent SMILE surgery in our hospital from May 2019 to May 2021 were selected as the observation group, and 48 cases(48 eyes)of high myopia patients who underwent FS-LASIK surgery were matched using propensity score matching as the control group. Follow up for 6mo after surgery, the changes in cylindrical, central corneal thickness, uncorrected visual acuity(UCVA), corneal endothelial cell related indicators [percentage of hexagonal endothelial cells(6A), coefficient of variation(CV)of endothelial cell area, central corneal endothelial cell density(ECD)] and corneal biomechanical indicators [simulated Goldman intraocular pressure(IOPg), corneal hysteresis(CH), corneal resistance factor(CRF), corneal compensated intraocular pressure(IOPcc)] between the two groups were compared, and the incidence of complications in both groups of patients was recorded.RESULTS: Both groups of patients showed significant improvements in cylindrical and UCVA at 3 and 6mo after surgery, as well as decreased central corneal thickness, corneal endothelial cells, and corneal biomechanics related indicators. The changes in the observation group were more significant(all P<0.05). During the follow-up period, there was no significant difference in the incidence of complications between the observation group and the control group(8% vs. 17%, P>0.05).CONCLUSION: SMILE has a definite effect on patients with high myopia and is helpful to improve visual acuity.