Screening and correction of myopia in children and adolescents from the Gannan region / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

AIM: To understand the screening and correction of myopia in children and adolescents from the Gannan region of Gansu Province, and to provide guidance for the prevention and control of myopia.METHODS: A cross-sectional stratified cluster sampling study was conducted to select 2 kindergartens and 12 primary and secondary schools in Hezuo City and Zhouqu County, Gannan region of Gansu Province, two classes were randomly selected from each grade, and the whole class was used as a unit for screening. The screening and correction of myopia in children and adolescents were collected for statistical analysis.RESULTS: A total of 5 072 children and adolescents were selected, and 4 806 valid data were finally included after excluding unqualified records. The overall prevalence of myopia was 45.55%, and the prevalence of myopia showed an increasing trend with the increase of grade(P<0.001). The prevalence of myopia in girls(48.66%)was higher than that in boys(42.18%; P<0.001). The prevalence of myopia increased with age(P<0.001), and the age group of 10-12 years old was the fastest growing for myopia, increasing from 25.62% to 60.57%. Furthermore, moderate myopia and high myopia showed an increasing tread with the increase of the grade(all P<0.001). The overall glasses wearing rate of the Gannan region was 28.55%, with a full correction rate of 50.72%, and the glasses wearing rate showed an increasing trend with the increase of grades(P<0.001). The glasses wearing rate of female students(30.84%)was higher than that of male students(26.69%; P=0.008). The full correction rates of low, moderate and high myopia in junior high were the lowest among the 3 phases of studying. The full correction rate of high myopia was the lowest in all phases of studying.CONCLUSION: The prevalence of myopia in children and adolescents from the Gannan region is lower than the national average, but the myopia of children and adolescents is still a trend of young age and high incidence, and the glasses wearing rate of myopia and full correction rate are low.

Analysis on efficacy of under correction and full correction on children with high hyperopia and amblyopia / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

@#AIM: To investigate whether under-correction and full correction affect the refractive changes and vision improvement of children with high hyperopia and amblyopia. <p>METHODS: A total of 49 children(98 eyes)with high hyperopia and amblyopia who received amblyopia treatment for 3a or more in Suining Central Hospital from 2015 to 2019 were collected. According to the differences between the prescription of optician and the results of cycloplegic refractions, the patients were divided into two groups: under correction group 29 cases with 58 eyes(the difference of spherical power ≥1.5D)and full correction group 20 cases with 40 eyes(the difference of spherical power ≤0.25D). Then, repeated measurement analysis of variance method was used to analyze the changes of refractive error and vision of the two groups of children during 3a of treatment. <p>RESULTS:There was no statistical difference in age, diopter and corrected vision between the two groups at the beginning of diagnosis(<i>P</i>>0.05). The diopter of the two groups decreased gradually during the treatment, and the diopter of the children in the under correction group decreased significantly higher than that in the full correction group(<i>F</i>_time=500.299, <i>P</i>_time<0.01, <i>F</i>_group=6.949, <i>P</i>_group=0.010). The reduction of hyperopia in the under correction group was 1.215±0.262D, and 0.612±0.211D in the full correction group. The hyperopia reduction was significantly higher in the under correction group(<i>t</i>=-12.068, <i>P</i><0.01). The corrected visual acuity of the two groups increased with the prolongation of treatment time. The improvement of visual acuity in the under correction group was significantly better than that in the full correction group(<i>F</i>_time=1138.526, <i>P</i>_time<0.01, <i>F</i>_group=14.206, <i>P</i>_group<0.01). <p>CONCLUSION: The hyperopia reduction and vision improvement of children with under correction were better than that with full correction. Suitably under correction of hyperopia can better promote the eye growth and vision improvement of children with high hyperopia and amblyopia.

Myopia Progression of Full Correction and Undercorrection with Myopic Anisometropia

PURPOSE: To investigate the change of refractive error between the full-correction and under-correction treatment groups of myopic anisometropic patients. METHODS: This study included 36 patients who had no amblyopia with myopic anisometropia > 3.00 diopters (D) and less than 6.00 D using the cycloplegic refraction test. The patients were divided into two groups involving the full-correction of both eyes (group 1) or full-correction on the less myopic eye and under-correction with −0.50 D of the more myopic eye (group 2). We monitored refractive changes every 6 months for 24 months. RESULTS: At the first visit, the mean refractive error of the less myopic eye was −0.68 ± 0.54 D and that of the more myopic eye was −4.22 ± 0.77 D in group 1. The mean refractive error of the less myopic eye was −0.75 ± 0.58 D and that of the more myopic eye was −4.36 ± 0.73 D in group 2. There was no significant difference between the groups (p = 0.713 and p = 0.585, respectively). At 24 months, the mean refractive errors of group 1 were −1.27 ± 0.54 D and −4.88 ± 0.81 D, respectively, and that of group 2 were 1.38 ± 0.54 D and −5.59 ± 1.01 D, respectively. The mean refractive error of the less myopic eyes showed no significant difference between both groups (p = 0.555), but that of the more myopic eyes was significantly different (p = 0.027). Between both groups, the degree of anisometropia at 24 months was 3.61 ± 0.60 in group 1 and 4.20 ± 0.86 in group 2. Group 2 showed a significant difference and more severe anisometropic changes (p = 0.022). CONCLUSIONS: Full correction of myopic anisometropia without amblyopia is a better method for reducing the progression of anisometropia.

Decision for Proper Surgical Amount in Consecutive Esotropia Following Bilateral Lateral Rectus Recession

PURPOSE: To determine the amount of additional surgery required for patients with consecutive esotropia, who had an esodeviation angle similar to their pre-operative exodeviation angle, following bilateral lateral rectus recession surgery for intermittent exotropia. METHODS: The medical records of 29 patients who underwent surgery for intermittent exotropia from 1998 through 2013 were reviewed. These patients had consecutive esotropia with an unchanged postoperative esodeviation angle. Thirteen patients underwent esotropia surgery with the aim of full correction (Group A), while 16 patients underwent esotropia surgery with the aim of partial correction (Group B). The postoperative ocular alignment and stereopsis of both groups were compared. RESULTS: A total of 29 patients were evaluated including 13 patients in Group A and 16 patients in Group B. At the final follow-up visit, at least 24 months post procedure, Group B had a significantly greater success rate than Group A (62.5% vs. 23.1%, p = 0.039). Over-correction rates were higher in Group A than Group B (76.9% vs. 37.5%, p = 0.039). The changes during the follow-up period (6 months to their last follow-up) showed that the over-correction rate had increased from 30.8% to 76.9% in Group A (p = 0.034) and from 12.5% to 37.5% in Group B (p = 0.046). CONCLUSIONS: Consecutive esotropia surgery with the aim of partial correction showed favorable motor and sensory outcomes in patients who had a postoperative esodeviation angle similar to that of their pre-operative exodeviation. This strategy may also be helpful in preventing long-term postoperative over-correction in patients presenting with consecutive esotropia.

Clinical observation of the development of juvenile myopia wearing glasses with full correction and under-correction / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

AIM:To observe the effect of wearing glasses with full correction or under-correction on the development of juvenile myopia. METHODS:This study included 132 cases ( 264 eyes ) from January 2008 to September 2012 who were collected from our clinic. They were divided into 2 groups, full correction and under- correction. Students in group 1 wore glasses with full correction, students in group 2 wore glasses with under-correction 0. 25D to 0. 5D lower than normal. Reexamination was done every 6mo. After 12mo, refractions were checked, the development of myopia was compared. RESULTS: There were no statistically significant differences between two groups after 6mo ( P=0. 0693 );however, there were significant differences after 12mo( P=0. 0013). CONCLUSION:The development of myopia is slow if students often wear glasses with full correction.