ABSTRACT
Background: Aim: Study fundal changes in different age groups & degrees of myopia.Measure ocular parameters (Corneal Curvature, Axial Length, Intraocular Pressure,Central Corneal Thickness) associated with myopia. Material And Methods: Study included 150 patients out of which 50 were low, 50 medium and 50 high myopia.Examination included best corrected visual acuity, slit lamp examination, keratometry, axial length, central corneal thickness and intraocular pressure, ultrasound B scan, dilated fundus with indirect ophthalmoscope. Result: All fundus findings had correlation with high myopia except choroidal neovascularization which did not differwith degree. All degree showed highest percentage of Keratometry K1 between 42 to 43.99 D and K2 between 44 to 45.99 D with lowest percentage K1 between 46 to 48 D and K2 between 48 to 50 D.Axial lengthincreased with severity. Highest percentage ofcentral corneal thickness in all degree was between 500 to 549 microns.100% of high myopic had tessalation,it did not differ with age. Temporal crescent was common in higher age group. Peripheral retinal degeneration was common between 20 to 29 years.Posterior staphyloma was associated between 30 to 39 years. Retinal detachment did not vary with age.Conclusion: Visual impairmentdue to myopia may be prevented by early detection of cause by appropriate investigations and treatment.
ABSTRACT
Objectives: To study the association between fundal changes (malarial retinopathy) and mortality in children with cerebral malaria. Methods: 50 consecutive children (mean age 8.4 y, 23 males) with cerebral malaria (acute febrile encephalopathy and either peripheral smear or Rapid diagnostic test positive for malaria) were evaluated by a single ophthalmologist for any changes of retinopathy. Children were managed as per standard guidelines for treatment of cerebral malaria. Results: P. vivax infection was seen in one child, P. falciparum infection in 42 children, and a mixed infection in 7. Retinopathy was present in 48% of the children. 13 children died during hospital stay. The mean interval from admission to fundus examination was 11.6 (4.64) h. Presence of ‘any retinopathy’ (P=0.02), and either of papilledema (P=0.02), hemorrhages (P=0.005) or vessel changes (P=0.01), were associated with a significantly higher risk of death. Conclusions: Malarial retinopathy is significantly associated with mortality in children with cerebral malaria. It may be used for both prognostication, and triaging for optimum utilization of intensive care facilities in these children.