ABSTRACT
Background: The objective of this study was to analyse the prescribing pattern of NSAIDs in patients attending Orthopaedics OPD and to analyse the correlation between the use of selective COX-2 inhibitors and older conventional NSAIDs in the pattern of current practice. Methods: This Prospective study was conducted on Patients visiting Orthopaedics OPD of Pacific Medical College and Hospital, Udaipur, during 6 month study period. Individual data was collected in a preformed format and was analyzed on parameters such as demographic profile and NSAID's usage pattern. Results: 180 patients were selected on the basis of inclusion and exclusion criteria. Around 417 drugs were prescribed, out of which 302 were oral, 39 were topical (Table No.2). Out of 417 drugs, total number of systemic NSAID's used were 302 [72.2%]. Of these 185 (56.2%) were used as monotherapy and 144 (43.7%) were used as fixed dose combinations (FDC). Among monotherapy 103 (55.68 %) were non-selective and 82 (44.32 %) were selective COX inhibitors. Conclusion: The result of this study suggests that the frequent use of selective COX-2 inhibitors although conventional non-selective NSAIDs topped the list of various selective and non-selective NSAIDs. Concomitant gastro protectives were also used. Fixed dose combinations were also prescribed.
ABSTRACT
Inadvertent intake of inorganic arsenic and chromium through drinking water and food causing their toxic insults is a major health problem. Intestinal bacteria including Lactobacilli play important regulatory roles on intestinal homeostasis, and their loss is known to cause gastrointestinal (GI) disorders. Probiotic Lactobacilli resistance to arsenite and chromium-VI could be an important factor for the perspective attenuation of GI-disorders caused by these toxic metals/metalloid. In the present study resistance of arsenite (up to 32 ppm), Cr-VI (up to 64 ppm), and arsenite plus Cr-VI (32 ppm each) were developed under in vitro condition following chronological chronic exposures in Lactobacilli strains. Comparative study of biochemical parameters such as membrane transport enzymes and structural constituents; dehydrogenase and esterase activity tests, which are respective indicators for respiratory and energy producing processes, and the general heterotrophic activity of cells, of resistant strains showed similarities with their respective normal parent strains. The resistant strains were also found to be sensitive to antibiotics. Findings indicate that these resistant probiotic Lactobacilli would be useful in the prophylactic interventions of arsenic and chromium GI-toxicity.