Effect of stocking rate and floor types on performance, skin temperature and leukogram in pigs raising / Efecto de la carga animal y el tipo de piso sobre el rendimiento, la temperatura de la piel y leucograma en la cría de cerdos

ABSTRACT Objective. The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance, thermoregulatory characteristics and the leukogram of growing finishing pigs reared in different stocking rates kept on compact floor pens or with shallow pool pens. Material and methods. Thirty-six pigs were used in two steps (total of 72 animals were used). In the first step it was analysed performance pig (daily feed intake, weight gain and feed: gain ratio) and backfat thickness (P2). In the second step, the same analyzes were repeated, in addition, analysis of leukogram and skin temperature was performed in P2 and anal region, at the end of growing and finishing phase. Results. It was evaluated for differences between treatments and stocking. It was not found effect of floor type on growing phase, but the use of shallow pool had a negative effect on the gain and feed: gain ratio in the finishing phase, as well as lower surface temperature in the anal region on treatment with shallow pool in the finishing phase. No effect of treatments and type of floor on pig leukogram. Allowing more space/animal decreased backfat thickness. The use of shallow pool affected negatively the performance in the finishing phase. Conclusions. The shallow pool uses impair the finishing pig performance, despite improving thermolysis, with no effect observed on cell immune response.

RESUMEN Objetivo. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar el rendimiento, las características de termorregulación, y el leucograma de cerdos de engorde, criados en diferentes densidad mantenidos en corrales de piso compactos o corrales con lámina de agua. Material y métodos. Treinta y seis cerdos se utilizaron en dos etapas (un total de 72 animales utilizados). En el primer paso, se analizaron las características zootécnicas (consumo diario de alimento, ganancia de peso y la conversión alimenticia) y el espesor de grasa dorsal (P2). En el segundo paso, los mismos análisis se repitieron, además, el análisis de leucograma y temperatura de la piel se realizó en P2 y la región anal, al final de la recría y terminación. Resultados. Se evaluaron las diferencias entre los tratamientos. No se encontró efecto del tipo de corrales en fase de recría, pero el uso de los corrales con lámina de agua tuvo un efecto negativo sobre la ganancia y conversión alimenticia en la fase de terminación, así como una menor temperatura de la superficie en la región anal en el tratamiento con lámina de agua en la fase de terminación. No hubo efecto de los tratamientos y tipo de corales sobre el Leucograma de los cerdos. Permitiendo más espacio/animal disminuyó el espesor de grasa dorsal. El uso de la lámina de agua afectó negativamente al rendimiento en la fase de terminación. Conclusiones. El uso de lámina de agua afectó el rendimiento de los cerdos de terminación, a pesar de la mejora de termólisis, sin efecto visible en la respuesta inmune celular.

The present situation and progress of 125I particle implantation therapy guided by multimodality imaging for malignant tumors / 中国医学装备

How to study a method that can significantly improve the therapeutic gain ratio of malignant tumor is one of the problems must be solved in the field of cancer therapy. However, how can effectively treat malignancy patients with contraindications of operation, radiotherapy and chemotherapy has been a difficult problem in cancer therapy. The 125I brachytherapy was suitable for malignancy patients with contraindications of operation, radiotherapy and chemotherapy. The guidance of multimodal imaging could contribute to the definitions of tissue density imaging target and biological target, and could ensure the targeting and conformity of treatment. Using the quality assurance and quality control measurements (QA/QC) optimized by radiation dosimetry; using therapy planning system (TPS) to make plan, and adopt optimizing radiation dosimetry and dose volume histogram (DVH) to evaluate TPS, and using image to guide particle implantation and adopt series of methods, such as real-time location verification, dosimetry verification post-implantation, therapy efficacy determination, follow-up and so on, to improve therapeutic gain ratio and partially control therapy efficacy, and then significantly reduce adverse reaction. All of these have important clinical value for increasing survival rate and quality of life.

Growth Efficiency and Carcass Characteristics of Growing Male Cows Fed Diets Supplemented with Organic Chromium Yeast.

The present study was carried out to examine the effect of organic chromium yeast supplementation in feedlot diets of growing male cows on growth efficiency and carcass characteristics. The experiment was conducted in Ibadan (7.380 N and 3.930 E), in the South Western region of Nigeria. The study lasted six months (180 days). A total of seventy-five Ndama Ndama growing male cows with average weights ranging between 280 and 284kg were kept outdoors in feedlot pens of 15 cows per treatment. The different treatment groups received organic chromium yeast mix of 9%, 18%, 27% and 36%, representing 0.1, 0.2, 0.3 and 0.4 ppm organic chromium yeast respectively. Each cow was replicated 3 times with 5 cows per replicate. Parameters recorded during the experimental period include average daily gain, feed: gain ratio and feed consumption. Carcass characteristics studied at the end of the experiment include final yield grade, marbling scores, dressing percentage, quality grade and longissimus muscle area. Statistical analysis revealed significant (P<0.05) differences between the means. Cows fed diets supplemented with 0.3 ppm organic chromium yeast showed higher performance characteristics than cows fed the control diet and the other experimental diets. Treatment with 0.3 ppm organic chromium yeast in the diet of the cows significantly (P<0.05) increased carcass characteristics and these values were higher than the values obtained from cows fed the control diet and the other experimental diets.

Efficacy test of sustained-release somatotropin by implantation in steer, cow and barrow / 대한수의학회지

Sixteen steers were used to investigate the efficacy of the sustained-release implant of bovine somatotropin (bST) in improving growth and feed:gain ratio during 12 weeks. Administration of the 400 mg bST implant resulted in a 16.1% increase in growth rate, and this increase was significant (p .05) feed intake and feed:gain ratio. Thirty-four cows were used to investigate the efficacy of the sustained-release implant of bST in milk production during 4 weeks. Administration of the 200 mg bST implant resulted in an 8.7% increase in milk production, and this increase was significant (p .05) growth rate and feed intake.

Suplementação de acidificantes em rações de leitõesdesmamados: desempenho e digestibilidade / Supplementation of acidifiers in diets of weaned pigs: performance and digestibility

Em dois ensaios experimentais avaliou-se efeito dietético da suplementação de acidificantes sobre o desempenho (ensaio1) e coeficientes de digestibilidade aparente de nutrientes (ensaio 2) em suínos. No ensaio 1, com duração de 42 dias,120 leitões desmamados aos 21 dias foram distribuídos em oit8 blocos experimentais com três leitões por baia, foramaplicados cinco tratamentos, sendo um controle e4quatro com a inclusão de acidificantes. No ensaio 2,0dez leitões compeso médio inicial de 16,4 kg foram distribuídos em dois blocos experimentais, cada um com cinco repetições, sob doistratamentos (ração sem acidificante ou com 1,0% de ácido fumárico). No estudo de desempenho, a adição de ácidofumárico nas rações determinou aumentos no consumo de ração nos períodos de 0 aos 15 dias, 0 aos 32 dias e ganhode peso de 0 aos 42 dias, quando comparado ao tratamento controle. No ensaio 2, a adição de 1,0% de ácido fumáricona ração não alterou os coeficientes de digestibilidade aparente da matéria seca e demais componentes químicos dasdietas. A ausência de diferenças nos coeficientes de digestibilidade aparente dos nutrientes dietéticos com a inclusão doacidificante provavelment, deveu-se ao curto período de avaliação. A inclusão de ácido fumárico nas rações de leitõesdesmamados favoreceu o desempenho dos leitões.

In two experimental assays it was evaluated the diet acidifier supplementation effect on performance (assay 1) and onnutrient apparent digestibility coefficients (assay 2). During 42 days in assay 1, 120 piglets weaned at 21-days years oldwere allotted in8eight experimental block design with3three pigs per experimental unit. The treatments were a controland4four acidified diets. In assay 2,0ten piglets with an average weight of 16,4 kg were allotted in two experimentalblock design receiving two treatments under five replications (control diet without acidifier or supplied with 1,0%fumaric acid). On performance study the fumaric acid inclusion in the diet permitted a feed intake increase from 0 to15 days, and weight gain from 0 to 32 days and from 0 to 42 days. In assay 2, the diet 1,0% of fumaric acid inclusion didnot modified the apparent digestibility coefficients of dry matter and moreover diet chemical compounds. The similarapparent digestibility coefficient of dietetic nutrients with the acidifier inclusio, probabl, occurred due to the shortperiod of evaluation. The fumaric acid inclusion in weaned piglet diets improved performance of piglets.

Relação entre os níveis de lisina da dieta e as características de desempenho de codornas de corte EV2, durante o período de crescimento / Relationship between lysine level in the diets and performance of EV2 meat-type quails during the growing period

Estudou-se a exigência de lisina total para a linha EV2 de codornas de corte na fase de crescimento. Foram utilizadas 312 codornas de corte EV2, de ambos os sexos, em delineamento experimental inteiramente ao acaso, cujos tratamentos consistiram de dietas com seis níveis lisina total - 1,4; 1,5; 1,6; 1,7; 1,8 e 1,9 por cento - e quatro repetições de 13 codornas por unidade experimental. Para avaliação do desempenho, estudaram-se peso corporal ao final de cada período (g), ganho de peso (g), consumo alimentar (g) e conversão alimentar (g de alimento/g de peso) durante os períodos experimentais inicial (nascimento ao 21º) e total (nascimento ao 42º dia de idade). No período inicial, houve efeito significativo dos níveis de lisina total da dieta sobre o peso corporal, ganho de peso, consumo e conversão alimentar, com máximo desempenho das codornas nos níveis de 1,66; 1,66; 1,40 e 1,59 por cento de lisina total, respectivamente. Para o período total de criação, houve também efeito quadrático dos níveis de lisina da dieta sobre o peso corporal ao 42º dia, ganho de peso, consumo e conversão alimentar, com os pontos de máximo desempenho estimados em 1,62; 1,62; 1,60 e 1,61 por cento, respectivamente. A exigência de lisina total para o máximo ganho de peso de machos e fêmeas de codornas de corte do nascimento ao 21º dia é estimada em 1,66 por cento e do nascimento ao 42º dia de idade, em 1,62 por cento da dieta.

The total lysine requirements for EV2 meat-type quails during the growing phase were evaluated in a completely randomized experimental design, using 312 quails of both genders, with six levels of total lysine (1.4; 1.5; 1.6; 1.7; 1.8; and 1.9 percent), four replicates of thirteen quails per experimental unit. Body weight (g), weight gain (g), feed intake (g), and feed:weight gain ratio were recorded for all the experiment and growing period (initial - from birth to 21 days and total - from birth to 42 days of age). Significant effects of total lysine level on body weight, weight gain, feed intake, and feed:weight gain ratio were observed from birth to 21 days of age, with maximum performance for quails fed 1.66; 1.66; 1.40; and 1.59 percent of total lysine in the diets, respectively. Quadratic effects of total lysine level on body weight at 42 days of age and weight gain, feed intake, and feed:weight gain ratio, were observed with estimated maximum performance for quails fed 1,62; 1.62; 1.60; and 1.61 percent of total lysine in the diets, respectively. The total lysine requirement for maximum weight gains for males and females from birth to 21 days of age was estimated in 1.66 percent and from birth to 42 days of age in 1.62 percent of the diet.

Desempenho de codornas de corte EV1 alimentadas com diferentes níveis de lisina na dieta / Performance of EV1 meat type quail line fed different lysine level diets

Estudou-se a exigência de lisina total para a linha EV1 de codornas de corte na fase de crescimento utilizando-se 288 aves, de ambos os sexos, em delineamento experimental inteiramente ao acaso, cujos tratamentos consistiram de dietas com seis níveis de lisina total, 1,4; 1,5; 1,6; 1,7; 1,8 e 1,9 por cento, e quatro repetições de 12 codornas por unidade experimental. Estudaram-se o ganho de peso (g), o peso corporal ao final de cada período (g), o consumo alimentar (g) e a conversão alimentar (g de alimento/g de peso) nos períodos inicial (do nascimento ao 21º dia) e total (do nascimento ao 42º dia de idade). No período inicial não se observou efeito do nível de lisina sobre o consumo alimentar, mas houve efeito quadrático sobre o peso corporal, ganho de peso e conversão alimentar, com máximo desempenho nos níveis de 1,74; 1,75 e 1,70 por cento de lisina total, respectivamente. Para o período total houve efeito quadrático do nível de lisina da dieta sobre o peso no 42º dia, ganho de peso, consumo e conversão alimentar, com máximo desempenho das codornas nos níveis de 1,65; 1,65; 1,62 e 1,64 por cento de lisina total, respectivamente. A exigência de lisina total para ganho de peso de machos e fêmeas de codornas de corte do nascimento ao 21º dia foi estimada em 1,75 por cento e do nascimento ao 42º dia, em 1,65 por cento da dieta

Total lysine requirements for EV1 meat type quail line, during the growing phase were evaluated in a completely randomized experimental design with four level of lysine (1.4, 1.5, 1.6, 1.8, 1.9 percent) and four replicates of 12 quails per experimental unit. The recorded traits were weight gain (g), body weight (g), feed intake (g), feed:weight gain ratio (g/g) for the initial (from hatch to 21days of age) and total period (from hatch to 42 days of age). The effects of lysine level on body weight, weight gain and feed:weight gain ratio were quadratic and significant with maximum values estimated for 1.74, 1.75 and 1.70 percent of total lysine respectively, but no effect on feed intake from hatch to 21 days of age was observed. Significant effects of lysine level on feed intake and feed : weight gain ratio from hatch to 42 days of age and on body at 42 days of age were observed, with maximum values estimated for 1.65, 1.65, 1.62, 1.64 percent of total lysine in the diets . The total lysine requirements for weight gain (males and females) from hatch to 21 days of age were estimated in 1.75 percent and from hatch to 42 days of age in 1.65 percent of the diet

Exigências em proteína bruta para codornas de corte EV1 em crescimento / Crude protein requirements for EV1 meat type quail during the growing period

Estudou-se a exigência de proteína bruta para a linha EV1 de codornas de corte na fase de crescimento utilizando-se 288 aves, de ambos os sexos, em delineamento experimental inteiramente ao acaso, cujos tratamentos foram dietas com seis níveis proteína bruta, 23, 25, 27, 29, 31 e 33 por cento, e quatro repetições de 12 codornas por unidade experimental. Nos períodos de estudo - inicial (do nascimento ao 21º dia) e total (do nascimento ao 42º dia de idade) - foram registrados o peso corporal (g), o ganho de peso (g), o consumo de ração (g) e a conversão alimentar (g de ração/g de peso). No período inicial houve efeito quadrático do nível de proteína da dieta sobre peso corporal, ganho de peso e consumo alimentar, com máximo desempenho nos níveis de 30,2; 30,1; e 30,8 por cento, respectivamente. Efeito quadrático significativo foi observado no peso no 42º dia de idade, com pico máximo em 30,2 por cento de proteína bruta. Do nascimento ao 42º dia de idade, observou-se efeito quadrático do nível de proteína bruta sobre o ganho de peso e o consumo alimentar, com ponto de máximo para ganho de peso em 29,5 e maior consumo em 32,6 por cento de PB. Houve efeito linear significativo do nível protéico sobre a conversão alimentar. A exigência de proteína bruta para o máximo ganho de peso de codornas de corte em crescimento do nascimento ao 21º dia de idade foi estimada em 30,1 por cento e do nascimento ao 42º dia, em 29,4 por cento da dieta

Crude protein requirements for EV1 meat type quails were estimated using 288 quails of both sexes in a completely randomized experimental design with six crude protein levels (23, 25, 27, 29, 31 and 32 percent) and four replicates of 12 quails per experimental unit. The following traits were recorded in each experimental period (from hatch to 21 days and from hatch to 42 days of age): body weight (g), weight gain (g), feed intake (g), and feed:weight gain ratio. From hatch to 21 days of age quadratic effects of crude protein levels on live body weight, weight gain and feed intake were observed and maximum performances were estimated for quails fed 30.2; 30.1; and 30.8 percent crude protein diets, respectively. Quadratic effect of protein level on body weight at 42 days of age was significant and quails fed 30.2 percent crude protein diets showed maximum performance. Quails fed 29.5 and 32.6 percent crude protein diets from hatch to 42 days showed maximum weight gain and feed intake while feed:weight gain ratio was negative and linearly related to crude protein level of diet. Crude protein requirement for weight gain (male and female), from hatch to 21 days of age is estimated in 30.1 percent and from hatch to 42 days of age in 29.5 percent