ABSTRACT
The pathological position of hypersecretion of airway mucus is in airway mucosa. Modern TCM theory believes that the airway mucosa belongs to the triple energizer membranous system of TCM, and the airway mucus is a part of TCM water-liquid system. Based on the TCM physiological characteristics of children, this article explored the pathogenesis of airway mucus hypersecretion in children, and believed that the airway mucus hypersecretion was the result of the disorder of water-liquid metabolism in TCM, which was closely related to the function of qi transformation of triple energizer membranous system. Failure of qi transformation in triple energizer is the core pathogenesis of hypersecretion of airway mucus in children. The deficiency of yang qi in children leads to the disorganization of vaporization in triple energizer, which leads to the insufficiency of movement and transformation function, the failure of water and qi in water, the stop of water and water accumulation, the abnormity of water and grain. The disorder of water-liquid metabolism leads to the occurrence of high airway mucus secretion in children.
ABSTRACT
With the advantages of extensive sources, easy collection, renewability, high yield, carbon circulation, low pollution, and so on, Chinese medicinal solid waste can be converted into clean gas by pyrolysis and gasification, which is then able to serve for industrial production. This is of great practical significance in the context of energy shortage and for solid waste recycling in China. This paper reviews the research progress on biomass gasification principle, gasification medium, and reactor in gasification technology of Chinese medicinal solid waste in recent years. Meanwhile, based on the summary of related research, the defects and improvement measures regarding raw materials, gasification agents, by-products, and reactors were discussed, which provides direction for further development in the gasification technology of Chinese medicinal solid waste in the future.
Subject(s)
Biomass , China , Pyrolysis , Solid Waste , TechnologyABSTRACT
The biomass energy has been recognized as a clean fuel due to its advantages of regeneration, rich resource, carbon neutral, and environmental benignity. Meanwhile, the Chinese materia medica (CMM) residue is a typical biomass. Therefore, the CMM residue converted into energy and recycled for industrial production has been recognized as a higher-value utilization mode. Obviously, this model can not only realize disposal and transformation of residues, but also replace fossil fuels to reduce consumption and increase enterprise profits. The energy utilization strategies of herb residue have been reviewed based on all kinds of strategies such as direct combustion, fermentation for biogas and ethanol, pyrolysis. This paper can provide a reference for further exploiting and developing of higher-value energy utilization mode of herb residue and expanding of resource utilization approaches and levels.
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The use of nonrenewable energy sources to provide the worldwide energy needs has caused different problems such as global warming, water pollution, and smog production. In this sense, lignocellulosic biomass has been postulated as a renewable energy source able to produce energy carriers that can cover this energy demand. Biogas and syngas are two energy vectors that have been suggested to generate heat and power through their use in cogeneration systems. Therefore, the aim of this review is to develop a comparison between these energy vectors considering their main features based on literature reports. In addition, a techno-economic and energy assessment of the heat and power generation using these vectors as energy sources is performed. If lignocellulosic biomass is used as raw material, biogas is more commonly used for cogeneration purposes than syngas. However, syngas from biomass gasification has a great potential to be employed as a chemical platform in the production of value-added products. Moreover, the investment costs to generate heat and power from lignocellulosic materials using the anaerobic digestion technology are higher than those using the gasification technology. As a conclusion, it was evidenced that upgraded biogas has a higher potential to produce heat and power than syngas. Nevertheless, the implementation of both energy vectors into the energy market is important to cover the increasing worldwide energy demand.
Subject(s)
Biofuels/analysis , Lignin/metabolism , Power Plants , Anaerobic Digestion , Biomass , Renewable Energy , Hot Temperature , Lignin/chemistry , MethaneABSTRACT
[Objective]To research the elaboration on homology of the sweat and the urine in essence,which seems different in clinical practice.[Method]Using the method of literature studies,based on the sweat and the urine,this paper analyzes the relationship and the interaction between sweat and urine and their respective relevant organs and describes their belonging,their root,their homology,their production,and their difference among each other, to explore the elaboration on homology of sweat and urine in essence.[Result]What the interrelationships among them include" the sweat secreted from the coat, the coat contacted with the lung""the urine issued from bladder,the bladder contacted with the kidney""the coat,which secretes sweat,corresponding to the bladder issuing for urine","the lung,which contacts with the coat,interlinking the bladder which contacts with the kidney","the sweat and the urine belonging to the body fluid,come from the bladder","the sweat and the urine having root in the body fluid,go out of the bladder"and"the sweat and the urine coming from the bladder,out of gasification" "homology of the sweat and the urine,but different from each other".[Conclusion]It reveals that not only the sweat and urine,but also the related viscera is homologous,including the coat corresponding to the bladder,and the lung and the bladder being interlinked.It also points out that the sweat and the urine belong to the body fluid,coming from the bladder.Under the action of kidney Yang,heart heat and sunlight,it goes out of the bladder ,to reach the coat outside for sweat,to issue for urine,which has difference in clinical practice.
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Objective To investigate the association between gasification and duration and power of radiofrequency ablation in porcine muscle and liver and compare the effects in these tissues in an in vitro study. Methods Radiofrequency ablation was performed on fresh muscle and liver tissue,and the maximum cross-sectional volume of gasification was used to compare the effects according to duration and power of ablation. The experiment was repeated three times,and data were averaged. Results Within a certain range,gasification volume increased significantly with increases in ablation duration and power (P < 0.05). Gasification volumes differed significantly between tissues (P < 0.05). The gasification volume was smaller in muscle than in liver at 15 W and 30 W,while the affected volume in muscle was greater than in liver at 45 W (P < 0.05). Conclusion Under conditions of the same duration and power,the gasification volumes were different in muscle and liver. Therefore,the power and time required for maximum gasification in different tissues may be different.
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Presently, the society is facing a serious challenge for the effective management of the increasing amount of produced municipal solid wastes. The accumulated waste has caused a series of environmental problems such as uncontrolled release of greenhouse gases. Moreover, the increasing amount of wastes has resulted in a shortage of areas available for waste disposal, resulting in a nonsustainable waste management. These problems led to serious public concerns, which in turn resulted in political actions aiming to reduce the amount of wastes reaching the environment. These actions aim to promote sustainable waste management solutions. The main objective of these policies is to promote the recycling of municipal solid waste and the conversion of waste to energy and valuable chemicals. These conversions can be performed using either biological (e.g., anaerobic digestion) or thermochemical processes (e.g., pyrolysis). Research efforts during the last years have been fruitful, and many publications demonstrated the effective conversation of municipal solid waste to energy and chemicals. These processes are discussed in the current review article together with the change of the waste policy that was implemented in the EU during the last years.
Subject(s)
Solid Waste , Waste Management/methods , Energy-Generating Resources , Anaerobic Digestion , Pyrolysis , Refuse Disposal , Cities , Ethanol , Environment , Biofuels , Hydrogen , MethaneABSTRACT
This article was aimed to study the different clinical characteristics using drug pair of Cassia twig and white peony root with the contents ratio of 1:1 and 1:2. Based on the different clinical treatment of drug pair of Cas-sia twig and white peony root, different compositional ingredients in ratio of 1:1 and 1:2 were illuminated by HPLC/MS method. The drug pair of Cassia twig and white peony roots in ratio of 1:1 and 1:2 and single herbs were ex-tracted for HPLC/MS analysis. A protocol was followed, including acetonitrile - 0.1% acetic acid with gradient elution, positive mode, 350℃ capillary temperature and 300℃ vaporization temperature. The results showed that Procyanidol B2 and 2-Hydroxy cinnamal dehyde can be extracted from single Cassia twig, but 2-Hydroxy cinna-mal dehyde cannot be detected in drug pair. It showed the contents of Procyanidol B2 in 1:1 ratio was more than 1:2 ratio. Simultaneously, Palbinone, paeoniflorin sulfonate, 1,2,3,6-Tetra-O-galloyl-β-D-glucose, Paeoniflorin, Pae-oniflorin isomers, Benzoylpaeo-niflorin, and Benzoyl Paeoniflorin isomers can also be dissolved in white peony root. In addition, the contents of 1,2,3,6-Tetra-O-galloyl-β-D-glucose, Paeoniflorin, Benzoylpaeo-niflorin, and Benzoyl Paeoniflorin isomers in 1:1 were more than 1:2. The contents of Palbinone, paeoniflorin sulfonate and Paeoniflorin isomers in 1:2 were more than 1:1. It was concluded that Procyanidol B2, 1,2,3,6-Tetra-O-galloyl-β-D-glucose, Paeoniflorin, Benzoylpaeo-niflorin and Benzoyl Paeoniflorin isomers in 1:1 were more than 1:2. The contents of Pal-binone, Paeoniflorin sulfonate and Paeoniflorin isomers in 1:2 were more than 1:1. It provided a scientific basis for traditional Chinese medicine treatment using rational drug pair.
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The process flow and the main devices of a new two-stage dry-fed coal gasification pilot plant with a throughout of 36 t/d are introduced in this paper. For comparison with the traditional one-stage gasifiers, the influences of the coal feed ratio between two stages on the performance of the gasifier are detailedly studied by a series of experiments. The results reveal that the two-stage gasification decreases the temperature of the syngas at the outlet of the gasifier, simplifies the gasification process, and reduces the size of the syngas cooler. Moreover, the cold gas efficiency of the gasifier can be improved by using the two-stage gasification. In our experiments, the efficiency is about 3%-6% higher than the existing one-stage gasifiers.
ABSTRACT
The process flow and the main devices of a new two-stage dry-fed coal gasification pilot plant with a throughout of 36 t/d are introduced in this paper. For comparison with the traditional one-stage gasifiers, the influences of the coal feed ratio between two stages on the performance of the gasifier are detailedly studied by a series of experiments. The results reveal that the two-stage gasification decreases the temperature of the syngas at the outlet of the gasifier, simplifies the gasification process, and reduces the size of the syngas cooler. Moreover, the cold gas efficiency of the gasifier can be improved by using the two-stage gasification. In our experiments, the efficiency is about 3%-6% higher than the existing one-stage gasifiers.
ABSTRACT
Five elements' motion and six kinds of natural factor in TCM is an applied science that "to get herbs and food abided by gasification of nature Yin and Yang".It commands the global variation science;protection medical science and disaster medical science by its precise "follow the gasification of nature Yin and Yang".Five elements' motion and six kinds of natural factor is a global variation science that owning China characteristic by itself,is a protection TCM,is a disaster TCM,and is a most perfect futurology course of studies in mankind civilizations.