Tratamiento endoscópico de una fístula aguda tras gastrectomía vertical laparoscópica / Endoscopic treatment of an acute fistula after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy / Tratamento endoscópico de uma fístula aguda após gastrectomia vertical laparoscópica

La fístula gástrica aguda es una de las principales complicaciones vinculadas a la gastrectomía vertical laparoscópica (GVL). Existen múltiples opciones terapéuticas para su resolución, siendo el tratamiento endoscópico mediante colocación de clips o stents uno de los más importantes. La aplicabilidad de cada método va a depender del tipo de fístula y del estado del paciente. Presentamos el caso de una mujer de 35 años, que desarrolla una fístula aguda posterior a una GVL. Se realiza tratamiento endoscópico con colocaciónn del sistema "over-the-scope clip" (Ovesco®) a nivel del orificio fistuloso, con posterior colocaciónn de stent metálico auto expandible.

Acute gastric fistula is one of the main complications associated with laparoscopic vertical gastrectomy (LVG). There are multiple therapeutic options for its resolution, being endoscopic treatment by placing clips or stents one of the most important. The applicability of each method will depend on the type of fistula and the patient's condition. We present the case of a 35-year-old woman who developed an acute fistula after LGV. Endoscopic treatment is performed with placement of the over-the-scope clip system (Ovesco®) at the level of the fistulous orifice, with subsequent placement of a self-expanding metal stent.

A fístula gástrica aguda é uma das principais complicações associadas à gastrectomia vertical laparoscópica (GVL). Existem múltiplas opções terapêuticas para a sua resolução, sendo o tratamento endoscópico com colocação de clipes ou stents uma das mais importantes. A aplicabilidade de cada método dependerá do tipo de fístula e do estado do paciente. Apresentamos o caso de uma mulher de 35 anos que apresentou uma fístula aguda após GVL. O tratamento endoscópico foi realizado com a colocação do sistema de clipe over-the-scope (Ovesco®) no nível do orifício fistuloso, com posterior colocação de stent metálico autoexpansível.

Manejo quirúrgico de una fístula gastropleural posterior a manga gástrica / Surgical management of a gastropleural fistula after gastric sleeve

Se presenta el caso de una paciente de 30 años de edad, sometida a un procedimiento de manga gástrica por laparoscopia en marzo de 2014, quien presenta, al tercer y cuarto años del procedimiento inicial, dos episodios de hemoptisis masiva, con falla en la segunda terapia de embolización, por lo que requirió una lobectomía pulmonar inferior izquierda. Al segundo día de este postoperatorio presenta salida de material de nutrición por las sondas de tórax, estableciéndose el diagnóstico de fistula gastropleural. Debido a falla con el manejo conservador, fue sometida a una resección quirúrgica de la fístula por vía laparoscópica, con gastrectomía proximal y reconstrucción en Y de Roux. A propósito de nuestra experiencia con esta paciente, se discuten en este artículo las estrategias de manejo para una fístula gastropleural, propuestas en la literatura a la fecha

This is a clinical case of a 30-year-old patient, who underwent a laparoscopic gastric sleeve procedure in March 2014, who presented, at the third and fourth years of the initial procedure, two episodes of massive hemoptysis, with failure in the second embolization therapy, requiring a lower left pulmonary lobectomy. On the second day of this postoperative period, the nutrition material came out through the chest tubes, establishing the diagnosis of gastropleural fistula. Due to failure of conservative management, she underwent laparoscopic surgical resection of the fistula, with proximal gastrectomy and Roux-en-Y reconstruction. Regarding our experience with this patient, this article discusses the management strategies for a gastropleural fistula, proposed in the literature to date

Manejo multidisciplinario con drenaje interno endoscópico en fuga post manga gástrica / Multidisciplinary management with endoscopic internal drain of gastric sleeve leak

INTRODUCCIÓN. El número de pacientes con obesidad ha aumentado durante las tres últimas décadas. En el 2016 la manga gástrica ocupó el 53,6% de los procedimientos bariátricos a nivel mundial y la fístula gástrica es una complicación que tiene una prevalencia entre el 0,50 al 7,00%. CASO CLÍNICO. Paciente femenina de 46 años, con Índice de Masa Corporal de 45,20 kg/m 2, más dislipidemia y un exceso de peso de 54 kg al inicio del protocolo; presentó como complicación temprana fístula gástrica localizada en tercio superior con sepsis abdominal que necesitó cirugía de revisión con lavado más colocación de drenajes. RESULTADOS. Se realizó manejo con endoprótesis esofágica que migró por dos ocasiones, ameritó retiro, con posterior colocación de sonda nasoyeyunal más drenaje interno pigtail a través de la solución de continuidad. A los 39 días post cirugía de revisión egresó con cierre de fuga con Índice de Masa Corporal de 36 kg/m2 y parámetros nutricionales normales. DISCUSIÓN. La fístula o fuga post manga gástrica tienen cierre sin corrección quirúrgica que depende de las serie de hasta el 97,1%. El manejo endoscópico presentó resultados satisfactorios mediante el uso de catéter de drenaje interno "pigtail". CONCLUSIÓN. El manejo sistemático multidisciplinario para una fístula gástrica temprana con nutrición enteral mediante sonda nasoyeyunal más colocación endoscópica de drenaje interno "pigtail", fue una estrategia disponible para resolución de esta complicación, primer caso reportado en el país.

INTRODUCTION. The number of obese patients has increased over the past three decades. In 2016, gastric sleeve accounted for 53,6% of bariatric procedures worldwide, and gastric fistula is a complication with a prevalence of between 0,50 and 7,00%. CLINICAL CASE. 46-year-old female patient, with a Body Mass Index of 45,20 kg/m2, plus dyslipidemia and an excess weight of 54 kg at the beginning of the protocol; It presented as an early complication gastric fistula located in the upper third with abdominal sepsis that required revision surgery with lavage plus placement of drains. RESULTS. Management was carried out with an esophageal endoprosthesis that migrated twice, meriting removal, with subsequent placement of a nasojejunal tube plus internal pigtail drainage through the continuity solution. 39 days after revision surgery, he was discharged with leak closure with a Body Mass Index of 36 kg/m2 and normal nutritional parameters. DISCUSSION. The fistula or post gastric sleeve leak has closure without surgical correction that depends on the series of up to 97,1%. Endoscopic management presented satisfactory results using a pigtail internal drainage catheter. CONCLUSION. The systematic multidisciplinary management for an early gastric fistula with enteral nutrition through nasojejunal tube plus endoscopic placement of internal drainage "pigtail" was an available strategy for resolution of this complication, the first case reported in country.

The Causes, Prevention, and Management of Gastric Leakage after Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy: A Review Article

Obesity has been considered a chronic relapsing disease. The increasing number of obese individuals has resulted in an increase in the demand for bariatric surgeries annually. Post-laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy complications are challenging for both patients and surgeons. Thus, this paper reviews the most common and significant risk factors for leakage occurrence after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy and presents new tools, techniques, management options, and recommendations, gathered from newly published articles, for post-laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy leakage. Causes of post-laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy leakage include technical factors such as bougie size, transection point, reinforcement materials, and patient co-morbidities as well as ischemic reasons. Ischemic leakage, which is most commonly seen in laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy, occurs usually after the fourth day, although some leakage may appear earlier within 1-3 days due to technical issues. Use of varied bougie sizes results in similar excess weight loss % at the one-year follow-up. Buttressing materials also reduce post-laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy bleeding, but not the leakage rate. Endoscopic stents play a significant role in gastric leakage treatment in post-laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy patients. Intra-operative or even early postoperative diagnostic tools can help in detecting early leaks, but minor leaks as well as those due to ischemic causes may be missed. In conclusion, laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy is still one of the most effective bariatric surgeries, exhibiting approximately 70% excess weight loss. Although complications of post-laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy are severe and may be life-threatening, most patients can be treated conservatively. However, those with persistent fistula require surgical intervention.

Non-Surgical Management of Gastroduodenal Fistula Caused by Ingested Neodymium Magnets / 대한소아소화기영양학회지

Foreign body ingestions pose a significant health risk in children. Neodymium magnets are high-powered, rare-earth magnets that is a serious issue in the pediatric population due to their strong magnetic force and high rate of complications. When multiple magnets are ingested, there is potential for morbidity and mortality, including gastrointestinal fistula formation, obstruction, bleeding, perforation, and death. Many cases require surgical intervention for removal of the magnets and management of subsequent complications. However, we report a case of multiple magnet ingestion in a 19-month-old child complicated by gastroduodenal fistula that was successfully treated by endoscopic removal and supportive care avoiding the need for surgical intervention. At two-week follow-up, the child was asymptomatic and upper gastrointestinal series obtained six months later demonstrated resolution of the fistula.

The feasibility of postoperative nutrition of cervical gastric fistula after radical resection of thoracic esophageal carcinoma / 中华胸心血管外科杂志

Objective To explore the feasibility of postoperative nutrition of cervical gastric fistula after radical resection of thoracic esophageal carcinoma.Methods 288 patients with esophageal carcinoma from January 2015 to December 2017 of thoracic surgery in the first hospital of Lanzhou University were analyzed,in which 133 patients underwent cervical gastric fistula,88 patients retained the nasal and enteral nutrition tube,and 67 patients underwent jejunum fistula.The postoperative complications were observed and analyzed.Results The cervical gastric fistula was significantly superior to the enteral nutrition catheter and jejunum fistula in the patients with pulmonary infection,stoma infection,oropharyngeal comfort and so on after thoracic and laparoscopic resection of esophageal carcinoma.Conclusion The high cervical gastric fistula is a safe and feasible nutritional support method for the patients with thoracic and laparoscopic resection of the posterior sternum and the radical resection of esophageal carcinoma.

Hepatogastric fistula as a rare complication of pyogenic liver abscess

Hepatogastric fistula following a pyogenic liver abscess is extremely rare, and only a handful of cases have been reported. An 88-year-old female presented with generalized weakness, fever and chills. An abdominal computed tomography scan revealed a 5cm-sized hypodense lesion with internal septa in the left lateral section of the liver. Due to initial suspicion of early liver abscess, she was treated with empirical intravenous antibiotics. Initially, aspiration or drainage of the liver abscess was not performed due to immature lesion characteristics. An ultrasonography-guided percutaneous drainage of the liver abscess was performed 17 days after hospitalization due to a more mature lesion appearance on follow-up imaging. On tubography, contrast media leakage through the fistulous tract was visualized. Surgical management was performed, and she was discharged 2 weeks after surgery.

Abscesso hepático polimicrobiano por perfuração gástrica por corpo estranho / Polymicrobial hepatic abscess due to gastric perforation by foreign body

Abscesso hepático piogênico é uma condição incomum, com incidência inferior a 1% das internações hospitalares. O abscesso hepático causado por corpo estranho é uma condição extremamente rara, com possibilidade de desfecho fatal devido às dificuldades em se estabelecer o diagnóstico. Relata-se o caso de uma paciente de 52 anos, feminina, com dor abdominal difusa há 1 semana em epigástrio e hipocôndrio direito, associado a diarreia e vômitos há 5 dias e febre de 40°C. Apresentava abdome doloroso, leucocitose de 17.000 p/mm³, bilirrubina total elevada à custa de fração direta, sorologias para HIV 1 e 2 e Hepatite B e C negativas. Em ultrassonografia de abdome total, demonstrou-se imagem heterogênea de 78x61mm em segmento II e III. Na tomografia computadorizada de abdome total observou-se imagem hipodensa, hipovascular, medindo 100x81x78, em lobo hepático esquerdo. Iniciou-se antibioticoterapia empírica e realizou-se drenagem percutânea guiada por ultrassom, demonstrando infecção polimicrobiana em cultura do material. Em ultrassonografia de controle, permanecia área heterogênea, medindo 77x72x49mm em lobo hepático esquerdo. A paciente então foi submetida à laparotomia exploratória, evidenciando no intraoperatório adesão do estômago a parede posterior do fígado. Após descolamento da estrutura, observou-se corpo estranho representado por espinha de peixe no interior do parênquima hepático, oriundo de perfuração da parede anterior do estômago. Embora seja uma etiologia rara, a hipótese diagnóstica de corpos estranhos deve ser considerada em todo caso de abscesso hepático refratário ao tratamento habitual, a fim de reduzir a morbidade e mortalidade do quadro (AU)

Pyogenic hepatic abscess is an uncommon condition, with incidence below 1% of hospitalizations. Hepatic abscess caused by foreign body is an extremely rare condition, with the possibility of fatal outcome due to difficulties in establishing the diagnosis. Here the authors report the case of a 52-year-old female patient with diffuse abdominal pain for one week in the epigastrium and right hypochondrium associated with diarrhea and vomiting for 5 days and fever of 40 °C. She presented painful abdomen, leukocytosis of 17,000 p/mm³, elevated total bilirubin at the expense of direct ratio, and negative serologies for HIV 1 and 2 and Hepatitis B and C. In total abdomen ultrasound, a heterogeneous image of 78x61mm was shown in segment II and III. Computed tomography of the total abdomen showed a hypodense, hypovascular image, measuring 100x81x78mm, in the left hepatic lobe. Empirical antibiotic therapy was initiated and ultrasound-guided percutaneous drainage was performed, demonstrating polymicrobial infection in culture of the material. In control ultrasonography, a heterogeneous area remained, measuring 77x72x49mm in the left hepatic lobe. The patient was then submitted to exploratory laparotomy, with intraoperative evidence of adhesion of the stomach to the posterior wall of the liver. After detachment of the structure, we observed a foreign body represented by fishbone inside the hepatic parenchyma, originating from perforation of the anterior wall of the stomach. Although it is a rare etiology, the diagnostic hypothesis of foreign bodies should be considered in all cases of hepatic abscess refractory to usual treatment, in order to reduce the morbidity and mortality of the condition (AU)

Enteral stents in the management of gastrointestinal leaks, perforations and fistulae

Gastrointestinal leaks and fistulae are grave conditions associated with substantial morbidity and mortality. Expandable stents have shown significant success in the management of leaks and fistulae, providing an efficacious minimally invasive approach in patients who are frequently poor surgical candidates. Most reports, however, are limited by their small size or the pooling of different stents, techniques and locations of leaks and fistulae. Despite the numerous alterations in stent design, migration remains the pivotal drawback of this technique. In this article, we review the current status of expandable stents in the management of gastrointestinal leaks and fistulae, available anti-migration techniques and evolving innovations in stent design.

Endoscopic management of postsurgical leaks

Postsurgical leaks are a major complication with significant mobidity and mortality. Conventional conservative and surgical approaches are highly morbid with limited success. Over the last decade several endoscopic techniques have proved effective with a favorable safety profile. Nevertheless, most data still come from retrospective series, and many studies included heterogenous patient groups pooling complex surgical leaks with minor endoscopic perforations. This review focuses on the endoscopic management of the more difficult postsurgical leaks. Stents and over-the-scope clips are currently the key endoscopic techniques for leak closure, but emerging techniques such as vacuum sponge therapy and endoscopic internal drainage have proved to be at least as effective. The current trend is to use these different techniques interchangeably or simultaneously rather than assuming a single standardized approach.

An Investigation of the Oral Intake Recovery Rate as Defined by the 2014 Medical Treatment Reward Revision in Japan / The Japanese Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine

Objective : The 2014 Medical Treatment Reward Revision in Japan newly defines the oral intake recovery rate and requires a change of more than 35% to calculate various additions and subtractions. We calculated the recovery rate in various diseases and clarified some inherent problems. Methods : From April 2012 to March 2014, we retrospectively investigated the age, sex, removal rate from nasal nutrition or gastric fistula, oral intake recovery rate and days until removal of 286 inpatients with nasal nutrition or gastric fistula for dysphagia. Results : The removal rates for stroke, brain injury, oral and laryngopharyngeal cancer and other diseases were nearly always more than 50% because the disease did not cause dysphagia directly or the rehabilitation was effective for treating the remaining dysphagia. But the removal rates for neurodegenerative disease, complications due to stroke and brain injury in the chronic phase and respiratory disease did not reach 35% because the previous dysphagia progressed or actualized. Almost all oral intake recovery rates did not extend to 35% for exclusion of oral intake recovery within one month. Conclusion : The criteria of oral intake recovery rate needs to be reviewed in respect to setting goals to match the patient's underlying disease and to evaluate the possibility for early rehabilitation.

Percutaneous Endoscopic Gastrostomy Through the Sinus Tract of a Surgical Gastrostomy

We present the case of a woman on whom a percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) was performed through the sinus tract of a previous surgical gastrostomy for supraglottic obstructing malignancy. Five years after the induction of the surgical gastrostomy, she experienced a peristomal leakage, leading to severe necrotizing fasciitis, with skin irritation and inflammation. Despite extensive treatment to heal the abdominal wall close to the feeding tube, it recurred 3 months later, without any obvious cause. It was thus decided to perform a new gastrostomy in a nearby normal skin area, but, since it was totally impossible for the endoscope to be passed by mouth, due to obstruction, the sinus tract of the gastrostomy was used to facilitate endoscope insertion into the stomach for a new PEG.

Fístula gastro-gástrica en posoperatorio de derivación gástrica por laparoscopia, serie de casos / Gastrogastric fistula after laparoscopic gastric bypass surgery

La fístula gastro-gástrica en el periodo posoperatorio de una derivación gástrica por laparoscopia es una complicación poco frecuente en la evolución de una cirugía bariátrica, pero potencialmente grave, la cual produce diversas manifestaciones clínicas, que incluyen dolor y recuperación del peso perdido. Se reportan cuatro casos de fístulas gastro-gástricas ocurridos entre enero de 1996 y diciembre de 2012, en dos servicios de cirugía bariátrica de la ciudad de Bogotá.

Gastrogastric fistula following a laparoscopic gastric bypass is a rare but potentially serious complication in the evolution of bariatric surgery, which can produce diverse clinical manifestations, including pain and regain of preopertive weigt. We report four cases of gastrogastric fistulae at two surgical services in the city of Bogotá occurring during the period January of 1996 and December of 2012.

Hemorragia digestiva por fístula gástrica de pseudoaneurisma de artéria esplênica: relato de caso / Gastric bleeding from splenic artery pseudoaneurysm: case report

Hemorragia digestiva por ruptura de pseudoaneurisma de artéria esplênica (PAAE) é incomum. Pancreatite é a responsável pela maioria dos PAAEs. Tomografia computadorizada de abdome é um bom método não-invasivo para identificar complicações vasculares de pancreatite. Angiografia localiza o sítio arterial sangrante. Tratamento de PAAE é mandatório, independentemente do tamanho do pseudoaneurisma ou sintomas associados. Embolização transarterial percutânea da artéria esplênica é tratamento padrão-ouro em pacientes hemodinamicamente estáveis. Cirurgia está indicada para pacientes hemodinamicamente instáveis ou com falha terapêutica angiográfica. Relatamos um caso de paciente com hemorragia digestiva alta por fístula gástrica de pseudoaneurisma de artéria esplênica, associada a quadro de pancreatite alcoólica.

Gastrointestinal hemorrhage due to rupture of splenic artery pseudoaneurysm (SAPA) is unusual. Pancreatitis is responsible for most SAPAs. Computed tomography of the abdomen is a good noninvasive method to identify vascular complications of pancreatitis. Angiography located arterial site bleeding. Treatment of SAPA is mandatory, regardless of size or symptoms associated pseudoaneurysm. Percutaneous transarterial embolization of the splenic artery is the gold standard treatment in hemodynamically stable patients. Surgery is indicated for hemodynamically unstable patients or angiographic treatment failure. We report a case of a patient with upper gastrointestinal bleeding by gastric fistula of splenic artery pseudoaneurysm associated with alcoholic pancreatitis.

A Case of Spindle Cell Carcinoma of the Stomach Presenting with Hematochezia and Weight Loss Due to Fistulous Tract Formation with Colon / 대한소화기학회지

Spindle cell carcinoma (SpCC) is a rare tumor consisting of spindle cells which express cytokeratin. Despite recent advances in immunohistochemical and genetic studies, precise histogenesis of SpCC is still controversial and this tumor had been referred to with a wide range of names (in the past): carcinosarcoma, pseudosarcoma, sarcomatoid carcinoma, pseudosarcomatous carcinoma, and collision tumor. Recently, the authors experienced an extremely rare case of SpCC arising from the stomach. A 64-year-old male presented with unintended weight loss and hematochezia. Endoscopic examination revealed a fistulous tract between the stomach and the transverse colon which was made by direct invasion of SpCC of the stomach to the colon. Histologically, the tumor was positive for both vimentin and cytokeratin but negative for CD117, CD34, actin, and desmin. Herein, we report a case of SpCC arising from the stomach that formed a fistulous tract with the colon which was diagnosed during evaluation of hematochezia and weight loss.

Temporary ileostomy for the preservation of colon fistula in patients with postoperative complications: case report

Among the postoperative complications in the digestive system, the fistulae are the most common ones. The changes resulting from these fistulae are very important, once they can determine the patient's situation and the development of multiple organic failures. This paper reports the case of a patient who had relevant complications after having undergone temporary ileostomy to maintain the colon fistulized. About 90 to 95% of the digestive tract fistulae have spontaneous resolution. In some cases, the general state of the patient compromises the spontaneous closure. In this study, after one month of nutritional support and medicine treatment, the spontaneous closure of the colon fistula did not occur, thus, a surgical intervention was necessary to solve the case. (AU)

Dentre as complicações pós-operatórias do aparelho digestório, as fístulas apresentam alta incidência. As alterações decorrentes dessas fístulas são muito importantes, pois podem determinar o agravamento do estado geral do paciente e o desenvolvimento de insuficiências orgânicas múltiplas. O presente trabalho relata o caso de um paciente com complicações relevantes após a realização de uma ileostomia temporária para preservação do cólon fistulizado. A maioria (90-95%) das fístulas do trato digestório tem resolução espontânea; entretanto, em alguns casos, o estado geral do paciente compromete o fechamento espontâneo. No caso em estudo, após um mês de suporte nutricional e tratamento medicamentoso, o fechamento espontâneo da fístula de cólon não ocorreu, sendo necessária a intervenção cirúrgica para resolução do caso. (AU)

A Case of a Pancreaticogastric Fistula Following Acute Pancreatitis / 대한소화기내시경학회지

A pancreatic fistula (PF) is an abnormal connection between the pancreas and adjacent or distant organs, structures, or spaces resulting from leakage of pancreatic secretions from disrupted pancreatic ducts. A PF is a rare complication that occurs during a acute and chronic pancreatitis or after traumatic or surgical disruption of the pancreatic duct. PFs are frequently classified as internal or external depending upon whether they communicate with an internal organ or the skin. Pancreatico- colonic fistulas are the most common, whereas pancreatico-gastric fistulas are the rarest. We report a rare case of a pancreatico-gastric fistula complicated by acute pancreatitis.

Fístula pancreatogastrocutánea: presentación comentada de un caso / Pancreatogastrocutaneous fistula: a discussed case presentation

Se presenta el caso de un paciente de 39 años, bebedor inveterado, intervenido de urgencia por apendicitis aguda, y en dicha operación se encontró pancreatitis aguda necrótico-hemorrágica y peritonitis extensa. Se realizó lavado peritoneal programado y síntesis de la pared por planos; más tarde presentó fiebre y fue necesario drenar un absceso subaponeurótico. Hubo pérdida de peso y apareció supuración por el orificio residual del drenaje dejado. Se pasó un catéter por dicho orificio para irrigación, la secreción aclaró y más tarde salió líquido de posible origen intestinal. La fistulografía demostró una comunicación entre el estómago y el hipocondrio izquierdo, que obligó a una reintervención. El paciente sufrió un hemoperitoneo y se realizó una relaparotomía para esplenectomía en el posoperatorio inmediato. Después estuvo bien, aunque continuó la pérdida de peso. Luego presentó taquicardia sin fiebre y la tomografía axial computarizada mostró una colección intracavitaria en el hipocondrio izquierdo, la cual fue drenada por vía transparietal(AU)

This is the case of a heavy drinker patient aged 39, operated on with urgency due to acute appendicitis; during the operation we found a necrotic-hemorrhagic acute pancreatitis and extensive peritonitis. A programmed peritoneal lavage in wall by plans; afterwards he had fever and it was necessary to drain a subaponeurotic abscess. There was a weight loss and a suppuration by residual orifice in drainage made. A catheter was passed through the orifice for irrigation, secretion cleared and then a fluid of possible intestinal origin flowed. The fistulography showed the existence of a communication between the stomach and the left hypochondrium, obliged us to a reintervention. The patient suffered a hemoperitoneum, and thus a second laparoscopy was performed to carry out a splenectomy in the immediate postoperative period. Patient felt well although there was weight loss, tachycardia without fever and computed axial tomography (CAT) showed a intracavitary collection in left hypochondrium, draining by transparietal route(AU)

Gastrointestinal leakage after gastrectomy for gastric cancer / 中华普通外科杂志

Objective To summarize the treatment experiences in gastrointestinal leaJcage atter gastrectomy for gastric cancer. Mehods From January 1997 to December 2006 the clinical data of 37 cases of gastrointestinal leakage including anastomotic leakage in 19 cases and duodenal stump leakage in 18 after gastrectomy for gastric cancer in People's Liberation Army General Hospital were analyzed retrospectively. Results All of the Cases were treated with abdominal drainage,continuous gastrointinal decomnression and parenteral nutrition combined with enteral nutrition.There were 32 cases receiving glutamine enrichment nutrition support,31 ases used somatostatin,13 cases received supplemented recombinarlt human growth hormone.Fistula healed in 21～30 d in 9 cases after gastrectomy,in the other 24 cases fistula healed in 30-60 d,while it healed in 60～81 d in the remaining 2 cases.Two died of leakage associated complications after gastrectomy for gastric cancer including anastomotlc leakage follwing esophagojejunostomy complicated by severe thoracic and lung infection in one and duodenal stump leakage complicated by severe abdominal cavity sepsis and hemorrhage in the other. Conclusion Patent and effective abdominal cavity drainage,continuous gastrointestinal decompression,parenteral nutrition combined with enteral nutrition,glutarnine,somatostafin and recombinant human growth hormone are the'mportant factors for the healing of gastrointestinal leakage after gastrectomy tor gastric cancer.

Experiência inicial no tratamento endoscópico de fístulas gastrocutâneas pós-gastroplastia vertical redutora através da aplicação de matriz acelular fibrogênica / Endoscopic placement of a plug made of acellular biomaterial: a new technique for the repair of gastric leak after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass

RACIONAL: A gastroplastia redutora à Capella, que combina técnicas restritiva e disabsortiva, é o procedimento bariátrico mais realizado no Brasil. Uma das complicações mais temidas desta operação é a fístula gastrocutânea que ocorre na linha de grampeamento vertical da neocâmara. O tratamento inicial consiste em drenagem adequada, suporte nutricional, bloqueio da produção de ácido e antibioticoterapia. Em 20 por cento a 30 por cento dos casos, a fístula tomará curso crônico. Nestes casos, vários tratamentos endoscópicos têm sido sugeridos. OBJETIVO: Descrever a técnica e os resultados do tratamento endoscópico das fístulas gastrocutâneas decorrentes de operações bariátricas através da aplicação de matriz acelular fibrogênica. MÉTODOS: Nesta série de casos, descrevem-se 25 pacientes com esta complicação tratados de maneira pioneira através da aplicação endoscópica de matriz acelular fibrogênica. O tempo entre o diagnóstico da fístula e a primeira sessão do tratamento endoscópico variou de 4 a 25 semanas, mediana: 7 semanas). RESULTADOS: Dos 25 pacientes, 20 (80 por cento) tiveram a fístula fechada pelo método. Seis deles com uma única sessão (30,0 por cento), 11 necessitaram de duas aplicações (55,0 por cento) e 3 pacientes, de uma terceira sessão (15,0 por cento) para a obliteração do trajeto fistuloso. Não houve complicações relacionadas ao procedimento. CONCLUSÃO: O uso de matriz fibrogênica para o tratamento endoscópico da fístula gástrica após operação de Capella é método seguro e eficaz, sendo sua principal limitação o número de sessões necessárias.

BACKGROUND: Roux-en-Y gastric bypass is one of the most commonly performed bariatric surgeries in Brazil. Gastric leaks are relatively uncommon and potentially dangerous complications. The initial management of gastric leaks consists in adequate drainage, nutritional support, antibiotics and acid suppression. In almost 30 percent of the cases the fistula will become chronic. AIM: A novel peroral endoscopic treatment of gastric leaks in Roux-en-Y gastric bypassed patients is presented. METHODS: An acellular biomaterial was endocopically placed in the fistulous orifice in order to promote healing and avoid surgery in 25 patients. The time between fistula diagnosis and endoscopic treatment varied from 4 to 25 weeks (median: 7 weeks). RESULTS: Endoscopic treatment was successful in 20 (80 percent) patients. Fistula closure was obtained after one, two and three sessions in 6 (30 percent), 11 (55 percent) and 3 (15 percent) patients, respectively. No procedure related complications were observed. CONCLUSION: Endoscopic repair of gastric leak after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass by using an acellular biomaterial is safe and effective. However two or three endoscopic sessions are usually needed.