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Semi-structured interviews (80) were applied in order to document the medicinal plants used by the Pijao indigenous community in Natagaima, Colombia. As a result, a total of 110 species distributed in 54 families were registered, Asteraceae and Fabaceae (9% each) being the most important families. Regarding the parts of the plant, the most used structure was leaves (46.7%), the main form of preparation was infusion (32%), and the most used way of administration was oral (77.8%). The value of use of the species by informants (VUis), therelative importance of medicinal species (IRE) and the index of cultural value of medicinal species (IVUs) were determined. The most important species according to their value of use were: Tamarindus indicaL., Psidium guajavaL., Menthax piperitaL., Moringa oleiferaLam. The most reported ailments were gastrointestinal problems such as stomach pain and diarrhea, general aches, headache, fever, swollen liver, and respiratory problems.
Entrevistas semiestructuradas (80) fueron aplicadas con el fin de documentar las plantas medicinales utilizadas por la comunidad indígena Pijao en Natagaima, Colombia. Como resultado seregistraron un total de 110 especies distribuidas en 54 familias, siendo Asteráceas y Fabáceas (9% cada una) las más importantes. El órgano más utilizado fueron las hojas (46.7%). La forma de preparación principal fue la infusión (32%), y la vía de administración más utilizada fue la oral (77.8%). Se determinó el valor de uso de la especie por informante (VUis), importancia relativa de especies medicinales (IRE) y el índice de valor cultural de especies medicinales (IVUs). Las especies más importantes según el valor de uso fueron: Tamarindus indicaL., Psidium guajavaL., Menthax piperitaL. Moringa oleifera Lam. Las afecciones mayormente registradas fueron los problemas gastrointestinales, tales como dolor de estómago y diarrea; dolores corporales generales, dolor de cabeza, fiebre, hígado inflamado y problemas respiratorios.
Subject(s)
Humans , Plants, Medicinal , Ethnobotany , Medicine, Traditional , Surveys and Questionnaires , ColombiaABSTRACT
Objective To explore the association between gastrointestinal problems and autism spectrum disorders(ASD) related symptoms,in order to give some clues to the management of ASD children.Methods Three hundred and thirty-six ASD children aged from 3-8 years old were recruited for the study according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria.General information about the children,including birth date,gender,food allergy history,gastrointestinal problems in the recent 3 months and social psychological scales,were completed by parents or caretakers.The association between gastrointestinal problems and ASD related symptoms (repetitive and stereotypic behaviors,sensory processing problems,emotional and behavioral problems) were analyzed.Results Among 336 ASD individuals,gastrointestinal problems were detected in 85 children.General gastrointestinal problem detection rate was 25.3％.ASD children with gastrointestinal problems were more severe in sensory over responsitivity (t =3.172,P ＜ 0.05),as well as emotional problems(t =-3.215,P ＜0.05).According to the regression analysis,gastrointestinal problem was significantly associated with sensory over responsitivity[β(SE) =-0.041,P ＜ 0.05,Exp(β) =-0.959],as well as emotional problems[β(SE) =0.375,P ＜0.05,Exp(β) =1.456].Specifically,vomit was significantly associated with sensory over responsitivity(B =-14.446,P ＜ 0.05),and constipation was significantly associated with emotional problems(B =1.555,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Gastrointestinal problems are often seen in Chinese ASD children.Gastrointestinal problems are significantly associated with sensory over responsitivity,as well as emotional problems,implying that resolving gastrointestinal problems may be helpful to remit these problems.
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Background: India has around 240 million under-five children and contributes close to 25% of under-five mortality. About 70% of such deaths are due to diarrhea, pneumonia, measles, malaria or malnutrition and often a combination of these conditions. These are also the diseases that are seen to afflict three out of every four sick children seeking care at a health facility. Aim of the study: To evaluate the utility of the WHO / UNICEF guidelines for “Integrated Management of Neonatal and Childhood Illness” among children aged two months to five years attending an Urban center. Materials and methods: This Prospective observational study was did in the outpatient department and emergency room, The Institute of child Health and Hospital for Children, Egmore, Chennai. Children attending the outpatient department and emergency room aged between 2 months and 5 years for the first time for a fresh complaint due to any illness were included in the study. Each study subject was assessed and classified according to IMNCI guidelines and the treatment options were identified and recorded in a proforma. Each child was evaluated using IMNCI algorithms for high Venkatesh Periasami, Senthilkumar Palanivelu. Evaluation of the utility of IMNCI algorithm in predicting illness, hospitalization, and management of children aged 2 months to 5 years in a tertiary referral centre. IAIM, 2019; 6(3): 73-82. Page 74 malaria risk areas and low malaria risk areas. The IMNCI algorithm was split into four modules dealing with specific complaints (cough/breathing difficulty, diarrhea, fever, ear problems) and the classification and treatment options arrived at for each child on applying the specific split algorithms guided by the presenting complaints were also noted. Results: 517 complaints were reported by the parents/other caregivers accompanying the children enrolled in the study; an average of 1.72 complaints per child. depicts the frequency of these symptoms. Over 43% (227) of such complaints comprised of respiratory problems such as cough or difficulty in breathing. One-fourth of all presenting complaints (125) were fever and another 10% (56) consisted of loose or bloody/mucoid stools. Other complaints frequently reported were convulsions (15, 2.9%), vomiting everything (14, 2.7%), lethargy/unconsciousness (11, 2.1%), not being able to drink/breastfeed (11, 2.1%) and ear problems (9, 1.7%). Conclusion: Multiple diagnoses are the rule than an exception in under five sick children. Hence vertical, disease-specific algorithms are inappropriate in the evaluation and management of a sick child. Integrated approaches must be preferred. The IMNCI algorithm can address most complaints that sick children present with. When implemented by health workers with appropriate training, the referral criteria of IMNCI are fairly good predictors of serious illness which requires medical attention.
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Objective@#To explore the association between gastrointestinal problems and autism spectrum disorders(ASD) related symptoms, in order to give some clues to the management of ASD children.@*Methods@#Three hundred and thirty-six ASD children aged from 3-8 years old were recruited for the study according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria.General information about the children, including birth date, gender, food allergy history, gastrointestinal problems in the recent 3 months and social psychological scales, were completed by parents or caretakers.The association between gastrointestinal problems and ASD related symptoms (repetitive and stereotypic behaviors, sensory processing problems, emotional and behavioral problems) were analyzed.@*Results@#Among 336 ASD individuals, gastrointestinal problems were detected in 85 children.General gastrointestinal problem detection rate was 25.3%.ASD children with gastrointestinal problems were more severe in sensory over responsitivity(t=3.172, P<0.05), as well as emotional problems(t=-3.215, P<0.05). According to the regression analysis, gastrointestinal problem was significantly associated with sensory over responsitivity[β(SE)=-0.041, P<0.05, Exp(β)=-0.959], as well as emotional problems[β(SE)=0.375, P<0.05, Exp(β)=1.456]. Specifically, vomit was significantly associated with sensory over responsitivity(B=-14.446, P<0.05), and constipation was significantly associated with emotional problems(B=1.555, P<0.05).@*Conclusions@#Gastrointestinal problems are often seen in Chinese ASD children.Gas-trointestinal problems are significantly associated with sensory over responsitivity, as well as emotional problems, implying that resolving gastrointestinal problems may be helpful to remit these problems.
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The modern diet doesn't provide the required amount of beneficial bacteria. Maintenance of a proper microbial ecology in the host is the main criteria to be met for a healthy growth. Probiotics are one such alternative that are supplemented to the host where by and large species of Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium and Saccharomyces are considered as main probiotics. The field of probiotics has made stupendous strides though there is no major break through in the identification of their mechanism of action. They exert their activity primarily by strengthening the intestinal barrier and immunomodulation. The main objective of the study was to provide a deep insight into the effect of probiotics against the diseases, their applications and proposed mechanism of action.
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Extremely low birth weight (ELBW) infants in neonatal intensive care units often receive overriding attention to their acute respiratory illness that appropriate attention to certain other "adjunctive" needs, like adequate nutrition, is often delayed. Clinical reluctance to attempt this enterally includes concerns involving immaturity of gastrointestinal tract, severe medical problems like respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) with the need for assisted ventilation, and fear of necrotizing entrocolitis (NEC). As a consequence, ill newborns may experience periods of moderate to severe under-nutrition during the most acute phase of their respiratory problems. We are now at a juncture where the optimal time to begin enteral feedings in our smallest and sickest preterm infants is being re- evaluated. The practical aspects of how to proceed in providing ideal energy, protein, and specific nutrients for these infants are not easy. The purpose of this article is to review and scrutinize nutritional decisions that need to be made in these critically ill neonates on assisted ventilation. In the first part of this article, Enteral Nutrition such as minimal enteral feeding (MEF), osmolarity, choice of milk, methods of delivery, when to start, etc. will be discussed. In the second part of this article, gastrointestinal (GI) problem such as GI motility, gastroesophageal reflux (GER), tracheal aspiration, gastric hemorrhage or perforation, necrotizing enterocolitis, etc. will be discussed. Though many physiologic studies have supported MEF in preterm infants, clinical studies have not sufficiently addressed the questions of "How early?" "How much?" "For how long?". But most enteral feeding in preterm infants, especially ventilated ELBW infant, must be individualized.
Subject(s)
Humans , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Critical Illness , Enteral Nutrition , Enterocolitis, Necrotizing , Gastroesophageal Reflux , Gastrointestinal Tract , Hemorrhage , Infant, Low Birth Weight , Infant, Premature , Intensive Care Units, Neonatal , Milk , Osmolar Concentration , VentilationABSTRACT
Among complications arising from spinal cord injury (SCI), chronic gastrointestinal(G-I) problems and bowel dysfunction have not received as much attention as the other fields of medical and rehabilitation research, even though their incidence is not negligible. Among SCI patients, we therefore investigated chronic G-I problems and bowel dysfunction, where the degree of these was such that activities of daily living(ADL) were significantly affected or long-term medical management was required. Detailed semi-structured individual interviews were conducted with 72 traumatic SCI patients. The incidence of chronic G-I problems was very high(62.5%), most were associated with defecation difficulties such as severe constipation, difficult with evacuation, pain associated with defecation, or urgency with incontinence. These problems had an extensive impact on ADL in particular, they restricted diet (80%), restricted out door ambulation(64%), and caused unhappiness with bowel care(62%). These chronic G-I symptoms were vague and very subjective, but significant enough to affect quality of life. Bowel dysfunction was not related to severity of injury, and bowel habits had generally settled within six months of SCI. With regard to frequency, time, and method of defecation, bowel care habits varied very considerably among individuals, and in relation to the extent to which practical results matched the level of expectation generated by a physician's recommended care program, individual satisfaction was also very subjective. We therefore suggest that an appropriate bowel program should be properly designed and adequate training provided during the early stage of rehabilitation.