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Objective:To investigate the effect of vacant capsules made from hydroxypropyl starch on the content of spironolac-tone. Methods:The spironolactone capsules were placed under the conditions with (4 000 ± 500) lx, 40℃ and RH (75 ± 5) % for 5 days and 10 days, respectively. An HPLC method was used to analyze the content of spironolactone, and the changes in appearance, color and the other traits were also observed. Results:The content of spironolactone was within the range of 93. 45%-100. 37% after the above tests, which was conformed to the standard(93. 0%-107. 0%). Conclusion:The vacant capsules made from hydroxypropyl starch rival have good compatibility with spironolactone.
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A biodisponibilidade de pregabalina em duas formulações diferentes de cápsulas gelatinosas duras de 150 mg foi comparada por meio de um estudo de bioequivalência de dose única, randomizado, aberto, cruzado em dois períodos e com 36 voluntários brasileiros, sadios, do sexo masculino. Amostras de sangue foram coletadas durante um período de 48 horas e o plasma obtido foi mantido congelado até o momento de análise. As concentrações plasmáticas de pregabalina foram determinadas utilizando um método de HPLC-MS/MS validado. A separação cromatográfica foi obtida com fase móvel composta por tampão acetato de amônio 2 mM com 0,025% de ácido fórmico e metanol (3:7 v/v), com fluxo de 1,5 mL/min. A coluna cromatográfica empregada foi ACE 5 C18 (100 x 4,6mm) e o tempo total de corrida foi 2,5 minutos. A detecção por espectrometria de massas foi realizada utilizando-se ionização por electrospray no modo positivo. Os intervalos com 90% de confiança para concentração plasmática máxima (Cmax) e área sob a curva (ASC0-t) foram determinados utilizando os dados após transformação logarítmica. As formulações teste e referência foram consideradas bioequivalentes, uma vez que os intervalos com 90% de confiança para a média geométrica da razão teste/referência ficaram compreendidos na faixa de 80% a 125%, conforme preconizado pelo Food and Drug Administration (FDA) e a Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária (ANVISA). O intervalo com 90% de confiança para as razões das médias geométricas para Cmax foi 99,90% (92,85%-107,49%) e para ASC0-t foi 102,61% (100,69-104,56%). Desta forma, as cápsulas de pregabalina 150 mg testadas (Zodiac Produtos Farmacêuticos S.A.) foram bioequivalentes às cápsulas de Lyrica® 150 mg (Laboratórios Pfizer), de acordo com taxa e extenção de absorção...
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Young Adult , Middle Aged , Chromatography , Capsules , Therapeutic EquivalencyABSTRACT
Calophyllum brasiliense Cambess, Calophyllaceae, is of great interest in folk medicine and is used in the treatment of various diseases such as diabetes. Granules containing the hydroethanolic extract from the stem bark of C. brasiliense were obtained. The polyphenol content was standardized, and the average weight, disintegration, and the dissolution profiles of the capsules were determined after encapsulation. The capsules had an average weight of 574.5±8.0 mg. In vitro tests showed that the most efficient disintegration profile was in hydrochloric acid buffer (pH 1.2), with a capsule disintegration time within 9 min. The dissolution analysis showed a better uniformity of capsule content release when the test was performed in a hydrochloric acid buffer (pH 1.2), with a maximal release rate at 15 min (giving a polyphenol content of 4.38%, which corresponds to a concentration of 0.0080 mg/mL). In distilled water, the maximal release was reached at 20 min (giving a polyphenol content of 5.41%, which is equivalent to 0.0105 mg/mL). In phosphate buffer, the maximal release of capsule contents was reached at the end of the dissolution assay (30 min), with the lowest amount of released polyphenols (3.61%, which corresponds to a concentration of 0.0070 mg/mL). The encapsulated form of the hydroethanolic extract of C. brasiliense was shown to have the necessary traits of a desirable delivery agent, and the dissolution test was an effective analysis of this material's polyphenol release profile for the specific dosage form.
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This article reports a study of the influence of sodium starch glycolate (SSG) on the dissolution of nimesulide carried in hard gelatin capsules. Some physicochemical parameters of nimesulide were characterized and formulations containing three different contents of SSG were prepared, to compound the hard gelatin capsules of nimesulide. The capsules obtained, as well as the reference drug, were subjected to in vitro dissolution tests. During the maximum pharmacopoeial dissolution time, the amount of drug substance dissolved was determined and the dissolution profile was traced from the amount of drug dissolved in each time interval. The dissolution profiles were compared by the simple Model-Independent Method, by statistical assessment of the dissolution profile data for each time interval and by the dissolution efficiency (DE). The results show that SSG, used as a disintegrant, has a positive influence on the dissolution of nimesulide, facilitating the disintegration of the dosage form, increasing the contact surface of the drug with water and with it the dissolution rate. The N3 capsules, which had the highest content of SSG, 13% (w/w), complied with the pharmacopoeial specification for dissolution tests and the comparative tests of dissolution profiles showed that the N3 capsules exhibited rapid dissolution and an in vitro dissolution profile similar to that of the reference drug. Thus, the N3 capsules can be considered as a pharmaceutical alternative to the reference drug.
O presente trabalho avaliou a influência do Amido Glicolato de Sódio (AGS) na dissolução da nimesulida veiculada em cápsulas gelatinosas duras. Para tanto, foram caracterizados alguns parâmetros físico-químicos da nimesulida; e formulações, contendo diferentes concentrações de AGS, foram preparadas para compor as cápsulas gelatinosas duras de nimesulida. As cápsulas obtidas, bem como o medicamento referência, foram submetidos aos ensaios de dissolução in vitro. Determinou-se, para o tempo de dissolução máximo farmacopeico, a quantidade da substância ativa dissolvida, bem como traçou o perfil de dissolução a partir da quantidade de substância dissolvida em cada intervalo de tempo. A comparação dos perfis de dissolução foi realizada pelo Método Modelo Independente Simples, pela avaliação estatística dos dados dos perfis de dissolução para cada intervalo de tempo e pela Eficiência de Dissolução (ED). Os resultados mostram que o AGS, utilizado como desintegrante, tem características que interferem positivamente na dissolução da nimesulida, facilitando a desintegração da forma farmacêutica, aumentando a superfície de contato do ativo com a água e, com isso, a velocidade de dissolução. As cápsulas N3, que possuem 13% (p/p) de AGS, cumprem com as especificações farmacopeicas para os testes de dissolução, e ensaios comparativos de perfis de dissolução mostram que as cápsulas N3 apresentam dissolução rápida e perfil de dissolução in vitro semelhante ao medicamento referência. Logo, as cápsulas N3 podem ser consideradas como alternativas farmacêuticas aos comprimidos referência.
Subject(s)
Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal , Dissolution , Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet/methods , Pharmaceutical Preparations , SolubilityABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To assure the safety and improve the efficiency of microwave digestion of vacant gelatin capsules. METHODS: Different digestion conditions were investigated by using microwave digestion system with temperature and pressure sensors to determine the optimal experimental method. RESULTS: Using high proportion of hydrogen peroxide in pre-digestion could moderate the increase of pressure in microwave digestion process and at the same time shorten time and improve the digestion efficiency. CONCLUSION: This method, which improves the experimental safety and applicability, is an effective way to solute the long pre-digestion time of the method of Ch. P(2010) and the burst with ordinary digestion tanks.
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Gymnema sylvestre extract (GSE) is a plant product widely used as an adjuvant in the treatment of diabetes mellitus and commercially available as a powder. Owing to its low flowability, the manufacturing of hard gelatin capsules containing GSE faces specific problems. The purpose of this study was to investigate the best excipient (starch, lactose or microcrystalline cellulose) for hard gelatin capsules containing GSE. The technological properties such us bulk density (ñâ); tapped density (ñt); inter-particle porosity (Ie); Carr index (CI); Hausner ratio (HR); loss on drying (%LOD) and particle size distribution (%Pf) of the various GSE mixtures were investigated with the aim of identifying the best excipient. The need for lubricants (talc/magnesium stearate) was also assessed. GSE was characterized as a fine powder with more than 50% of its particles between 0.149mm to 0.250mm; furthermore, CI=25.6%; RH=1.3 and Ie = 25.6% and, as expected with such properties, it showed poor flowability. All the excipients investigated were able to change the technological properties of GSE and the powder mixture containing microcrystalline cellulose gave the best results.
O extrato seco de Gymnema sylvestre (EGS) é um produto fitoterápico amplamente utilizado como adjuvante no tratamento da diabetes, sendo comercializado na forma de pó. O objetivo do presente estudo foi investigar a influência da adição de adjuvantes (amido, lactose ou celulose microcristalina) à formulação para a preparação de cápsulas gelatinosas duras contendo o EGS. As propriedades tecnológicas como densidade aparente (Da), densidade aparente de compactação (Dc), porosidade interparticulas (Ie), Índice de Carr (IC), Fator de Hausner (FH), perda por dessecação (PD%) e análise do tamanho de partículas (%Pf) das diferentes misturas preparadas foram investigadas com o objetivo de escolher o melhor excipiente. A necessidade de agentes lubrificantes (talco/estearato de magnésio) também foi avaliada. O EGS foi caracterizado como um pó fino, com mais de 50% do material particulado compreendido entre 0,149-0,250mm; IC=25,6%; FH=1,3 and Ie = 25,6%, o que justifica seu fluxo pobre. Todos os excipientes testados foram capazes de modificar as propriedades tecnológicas do EGS, sendo a mistura de pós que apresentou melhores resultados aquela obtida com a adição de celulose microcristalina.
Subject(s)
Capsules , Diabetes Mellitus , Gymnema sylvestre , Pharmaceutical PreparationsABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE:To study the relationship between various composition factors and the dissolution rates of the soft gelatin capsule shell.METHOD:The gelatin disk and gelatin shaped mass method were used by the current CP rotating-basket dissolution apparatus.The effects of shell compositions on the capsule shell dissolution rate were illustrated and discussed.RESULTS:With the increase in the ratio of gelatin glycerol in soft gelatin shell,the dissolution rate of the shell changed irregularly.After storage of 21 days at 40℃，the dissolution rate of the shell decreased at different extent.The dissolution rate of the shaped gelatin mass increased slightly by adding some polymers (pvp,starch).CONCLUSION:Am investigation of these factors and their influence on dissolution may be of assistance in the formulation of soft gelatin capsule shells for various purposes,THE SOFT gelatin capsules should be stored at relatively low temperature.
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Objective To investigate the effects of Yifuning soft gelatin capsules(YSGC)on immune function in ovariectomized (OVX) rats.Methods Fifty female mature Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized into 5 groups:normal control, model control, diethylstilbestrol tablets(DT)and YSGC(high-and low-dose). After 4-week treatment,the serum E2 and IL-2 levels were detected by radioimmunoassay. The estrogen receptor(ER)level in spleen were detected with method of radioligand receptor assay(RRA).The pathologic changes of thymus were observed under light microscope and the body weight,thymus index and spleen index were detected too.Results YSGC could obviously increase the serum levels of E2 and IL-2,increase spleen index and ER content in the spleen of OVX rats (P