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Objective:To assess the reliability, constructive validity and item characteristics of the general self-efficacy scale (GSES) among Chinese medical postgraduates using classical test theory and item response theory.Methods:A questionnaire survey was conducted among 1 021 medical postgraduates from 6 comprehensive level Ⅲ A hospitals in Beijing. Demographic characteristics and general self-efficacy were investigated. SPSS 24.0 software was used for statistical analysis. Internal consistency of the GSES was evaluated using Cronbach’s α coefficient and intraclass correlation coefficient. Factor analyses were implemented to test the structure of the scale. An item response theory (IRT) framework with a graded response model was performed to estimate the parameters of each item. Results:The overall Cronbach’s α coefficient of the GSES was 0.92. Parallel analysis and confirmatory factor analysis supported the unidimensional structure of the GSES. The discrimination parameter of the 10 items ranged from 1.82 to 3.65, and the difficulty parameter ranged from -3.51 to 1.66, with a monotonically increasing trend. The maximum test information of the scale among medical postgraduates was 19.16. Conclusion:The GSES has good reliability, validity and measurement precision, showing a good applicability in the survey of medical postgraduates. However, the difficulty of specific items is relatively low, and the scale may be further optimized and improved.
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Abstract Introduction: The passage from adolescence to young adulthood introduces many challenges and chances aimed at promoting independence, financial self-sufficiency, assumption of responsibilities and separation from parents. Literature shows that in the continuum between these two phases of life, many factors intervene, producing significant differentiations. Methods: This study considered three dimensions - well-being, measured through the Clinical Outcomes in Routine Evaluation-Outcome Measure (CORE-OM); spontaneity, measured through the Spontaneity Assessment Inventory-Revised (SAI-R); and self-efficacy, measured through the General Self-Efficacy scale (GSE). The study involved two groups of Italian participants: 495 adolescents, aged between 13 and 19 years, selected at a high school; and 368 young adults, aged between 18 and 30 years, recruited by snowball sampling. Results: Results of confirmatory factor analysis for each instrument in each group indicate the validity of the three instruments for both age groups. No significant differences were found between adolescents and young adults on total or subtotal scores of the CORE-OM, except for the risk factor. Conversely, the mean scores obtained with SAI-R and GSE were very different between adolescents and young adults. Conclusions: The results of path analysis show a significant mediation of spontaneity in the link between self-efficacy and all specific psychological distress domains for adolescents. Instead, there is a significant mediation of spontaneity between self-efficacy and all specific psychological distress domains except the risk domain for young adults.
Resumo Introdução: A transição da adolescência para a idade adulta envolve muitos desafios e oportunidades de promover independência, autossuficiência financeira, assunção de responsabilidades e a saída da casa dos pais. A literatura mostra que, na passagem entre essas duas fases do ciclo vital, muitos fatores podem intervir, gerando mudanças significativas. Métodos: Este estudo considerou três dimensões psíquicas: bem-estar, investigado através do Clinical Outcomes in Routine Evaluation-Outcome Measure (CORE-OM); espontaneidade, investigada através do Spontaneity Assessment Inventory-Revised (SAI-R); e autoeficácia, investigada por meio da escala General Self-Efficacy (GSE). O estudo envolveu dois grupos de participantes italianos: 495 adolescentes com idade entre 13 e 19 anos, selecionados em uma escola de ensino médio; e 368 jovens adultos com idade entre 18 e 30 anos, recrutados por meio de amostragem em bola de neve. Resultados: Os resultados da análise fatorial confirmatória para cada instrumento em cada grupo indicaram a validade dos três instrumentos para as duas faixas etárias. Não foram observadas diferenças significativas entre adolescentes e jovens adultos nos resultados total e subtotal do CORE-OM, exceto pelo fator risco. Por outro lado, os resultados médios obtidos nos instrumentos SAI-R e GSE foram muitos diferentes entre adolescentes e jovens adultos. Conclusões: Os resultados da análise fatorial mostram uma mediação significativa da espontaneidade entre a autoeficácia e todos os domínios das dificuldades psicológicas específicas dos adolescentes. Em contraste, há uma mediação significativa da espontaneidade entre a autoeficácia e todos os domínios específicos das dificuldades psicológicas dos jovens adultos, exceto para o domínio risco.
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Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Young Adult , Stress, Psychological , Self Efficacy , Models, Psychological , Personality , Psychological Tests , Sex Factors , Factor Analysis, Statistical , Psychology, Adolescent , Impulsive BehaviorABSTRACT
Objective To understand the current situation of neurology nurses′self-efficacy and quality of nursing services in Lanzhou area, and explore the relationship between self-efficacy and the quality of nursing services. Methods Using the method of questionnaire, one hundred and the neurology nurses and hospitalized patients in 5 Grade 3 Level hospitals of Lanzhou city were investigated by using self-efficacy scales and Servqual scales. Results Neurology nurses′ self-efficacy in Lanzhou area was lower than the general population ( U=-9.875,P=0.042);the scores of quality of care from high to low were at reliability, tangibles, assurance, responsiveness, cost acceptability and empathy, which were-(0.12 ± 0.05) points,-(0.23 ± 0.03) points,-(0.24 ± 0.06) points,-(0.25 ± 0.02) points,-(0.26 ± 0.05) points,-(0.66 ± 0.03)points.Satisfaction arranged from high to low were assurance (89.98%), reliability (89.69%), responsiveness (89.12%), tangibles (87.66%), cost acceptability (87.08%), empathy (86.67%).There were positive correlations between satisfaction and expectations and perceived service quality, and the correlation between satisfaction and perceived qualities of service was higher. Moreover, there might exist positive correlation between self-efficacy score and quality of nursing services (reliability, assurance, responsiveness, empathy) (P values were 0.002, 0.001,0.012 and 0.005). Conclusions Neurology nurses in Lanzhou area have lower self-efficacy, and the perceived qualities of care from patients never exceed their expectations. As results, hospital managers should take measures to improve general self-efficacy of nurses, and thus enhance the quality of care.
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Objective To understand the current status of students' self-efficacy and sense of life meaning in medical college students, and explore the relationship between them, then give advice to improve the students' general self-efficacy and the sense of life meaning.Methods A random sampling method was used to select 386 undergraduates in a medical college from freshman to senior.The purpose in life test (PIL) revised by He Jiying (1994) and general self efficacy scale (GSES) revised by Wang Caikang (2001) were used in this research.Data were analyzed by SPSS 18.0 software, and the data were analyzed by t test, x2 test, Spearman correlation analysis.Inspection level of alpha=0.01 (double side).Results The score of GSES was (2.62 ± 0.40), and the score of PIL was (74.06 ± 11.09);t test showed that the PIL score of students with higher GSES score was higher than the PIL score of students with lower GSES score (t=5.054, P=0.000);The correlation analysis showed that GSES score was positively correlated with PIL score (r=0.283, P=0.000).Conclusion The general self-efficacy and sense of life meaning of medical college students are in the medium level, and the positive correlation exists between the two.A series of measures should be adopted to strengthen the students' general efficacy, so as to improve their sense of life.