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1.
Arq. neuropsiquiatr ; 81(12): 1134-1145, Dec. 2023. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1527905

ABSTRACT

Abstract In recent decades, there have been significant advances in the diagnosis of diffuse gliomas, driven by the integration of novel technologies. These advancements have deepened our understanding of tumor oncogenesis, enabling a more refined stratification of the biological behavior of these neoplasms. This progress culminated in the fifth edition of the WHO classification of central nervous system (CNS) tumors in 2021. This comprehensive review article aims to elucidate these advances within a multidisciplinary framework, contextualized within the backdrop of the new classification. This article will explore morphologic pathology and molecular/genetics techniques (immunohistochemistry, genetic sequencing, and methylation profiling), which are pivotal in diagnosis, besides the correlation of structural neuroimaging radiophenotypes to pathology and genetics. It briefly reviews the usefulness of tractography and functional neuroimaging in surgical planning. Additionally, the article addresses the value of other functional imaging techniques such as perfusion MRI, spectroscopy, and nuclear medicine in distinguishing tumor progression from treatment-related changes. Furthermore, it discusses the advantages of evolving diagnostic techniques in classifying these tumors, as well as their limitations in terms of availability and utilization. Moreover, the expanding domains of data processing, artificial intelligence, radiomics, and radiogenomics hold great promise and may soon exert a substantial influence on glioma diagnosis. These innovative technologies have the potential to revolutionize our approach to these tumors. Ultimately, this review underscores the fundamental importance of multidisciplinary collaboration in employing recent diagnostic advancements, thereby hoping to translate them into improved quality of life and extended survival for glioma patients.


Resumo Nas últimas décadas, houve avanços significativos no diagnóstico de gliomas difusos, impulsionados pela integração de novas tecnologias. Esses avanços aprofundaram nossa compreensão da oncogênese tumoral, permitindo uma estratificação mais refinada do comportamento biológico dessas neoplasias. Esse progresso culminou na quinta edição da classificação da OMS de tumores do sistema nervoso central (SNC) em 2021. Esta revisão abrangente tem como objetivo elucidar esses avanços de forma multidisciplinar, no contexto da nova classificação. Este artigo irá explorar a patologia morfológica e as técnicas moleculares/genéticas (imuno-histoquímica, sequenciamento genético e perfil de metilação), que são fundamentais no diagnóstico, além da correlação dos radiofenótipos da neuroimagem estrutural com a patologia e a genética. Aborda sucintamente a utilidade da tractografia e da neuroimagem funcional no planejamento cirúrgico. Destacaremos o valor de outras técnicas de imagem funcional, como ressonância magnética de perfusão, espectroscopia e medicina nuclear, na distinção entre a progressão do tumor e as alterações relacionadas ao tratamento. Discutiremos as vantagens das diferentes técnicas de diagnóstico na classificação desses tumores, bem como suas limitações em termos de disponibilidade e utilização. Além disso, os crescentes avanços no processamento de dados, inteligência artificial, radiômica e radiogenômica têm grande potencial e podem em breve exercer uma influência substancial no diagnóstico de gliomas. Essas tecnologias inovadoras têm o potencial de revolucionar nossa abordagem a esses tumores. Em última análise, esta revisão destaca a importância fundamental da colaboração multidisciplinar na utilização dos recentes avanços diagnósticos, com a esperança de traduzi-los em uma melhor qualidade de vida e uma maior sobrevida.

2.
Rev. habanera cienc. méd ; 19(6): e3128, oct.-dic. 2020.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1149964

ABSTRACT

Introducción: La farmacogenómica, como parte de la medicina de precisión, garantiza un tratamiento óptimo de los pacientes basado en su perfil genético. Objetivo: Describir los principales principios en que se sustenta la farmacogenómica y sus aplicaciones a la práctica clínica diaria. Materiales y Métodos: Se realizó una revisión crítica de la farmacogenómica en las bases de datos principales: SciELO, MedLine/PubMed/PMC y Scopus con los descriptores farmacogenómica/pharmacogenomics, farmacogenética/pharmacogenetics, medicina personalizada/personalized medicine y medicina de precisión/precision medicine. También en la biblioteca virtual de salud de Infomed. El periodo de búsqueda y localización de artículos: noviembre 2019-enero 2020. Se seleccionaron artículos publicados entre 2008 y enero de 2020. Resultados: Los principios de la farmacogenómica se basan en el conocimiento del genoma humano que permite determinar el perfil genético de los pacientes y la mejor respuesta al tratamiento medicamentoso con un mínimo de reacciones adversas. Se aplica en diferentes especialidades médicas como oncología, cardiología, medicina interna y endocrinología. Entre los biomarcadores farmacogenéticos estudiados están CACNA1S, RYR1, CYP2D6, SLCO1B1, CYP2C19, F5, CFTR, CYP2C9, CYP4F2, VKORC1, HLA-B, UGT1A1, IFNL3, CYP3A5, TPMT, G6PD, HLA-A, BRCA1, DPYD, RARG, SLC28A3, TPMT y UGT1A6. Conclusiones: Los biomarcadores farmacogenéticos constituyen valiosas herramientas para la identificación de genes implicados en la respuesta medicamentosa, importantes para aplicar una medicina personalizada que mejore la respuesta a los medicamentos y evite o minimice los efectos adversos, aunque quedan desafíos para convertirla en una herramienta de uso frecuente en la práctica médica(AU)


Introduction: Pharmacogenomics, as part of precision medicine, guarantees patients´ optimal treatment based on their genetic profile. Objective: To describe the principles of pharmacogenomics and its application in daily clinical practice. Materials and Methods: A critical review of pharmacogenomics was carried out in SciELO, MedLine/PubMed/PMC, Scopus databases and the Cuban Virtual Health Library using Spanish and English descriptors such as: farmacogenómica/pharmacogenomics, farmacogenética/pharmacogenetics, medicina personalizada/personalized medicine and medicina de precisión/precision medicine. The articles were searched and located during the period between November 2019 and January 2020. The articles published between 2008 and January 2020 were selected. Results: The principles of pharmacogenomics are based on the knowledge of the human genome that allows the determination of the genetic profile of patients and the best response to drug treatment with a minimum of adverse reactions. It is applied in different medical specialties such as Oncology, Cardiology, Internal Medicine and Endocrinology. The most studied pharmacogenetic biomarkers include: CACNA1S, RYR1, CYP2D6, SLCO1B1, CYP2C19, F5, CFTR, CYP2C9, CYP4F2, VKORC1, HLA-B, UGT1A1, IFNL3, CYP3A5, TPMT, G6PD, HLA-A, BRCA1, DPYD, RARG, SLC28A3, TPMT and UGT1A6. Conclusions: Pharmacogenetic biomarkers are valuable tools for the identification of genes involved in the drug response. They are very important in the application of personalized medicine which is intended to improve the response to drugs and avoid or minimize adverse effects. However, substantial challenges remain in respect of making it a frequently used tool in medical practice(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Biomarkers , Ryanodine Receptor Calcium Release Channel , Libraries, Digital , Precision Medicine
3.
Arq. bras. cardiol ; 115(4): 690-700, out. 2020. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | SES-SP, LILACS | ID: biblio-1131334

ABSTRACT

Resumo A farmacogenômica (FGx) investiga a interação entre genes e medicamentos. Através da análise de regiões específicas do DNA, informações sobre o perfil de metabolização do paciente para um determinado fármaco podem ser descritas, assim como o perfil esperado de resposta ao tratamento. Objetivamente, esse tipo de teste pode ter impacto no tratamento de pacientes que não estão respondendo adequadamente a um determinado medicamento, seja pela ausência dos efeitos esperados ou em virtude do aparecimento de efeitos adversos. Neste cenário, o objetivo desta revisão é o de informar o cardiologista clínico sobre esta importante área do conhecimento e atualizá-lo sobre o tema, procurando preencher as lacunas no que diz respeito à relação custo-benefício da aplicação da FGx nas doenças cardiovasculares, além de fornecer informações para a implementação da terapia guiada pela FGx na prática clínica.


Subject(s)
Humans , Pharmacogenetics , Cardiovascular Diseases/genetics
4.
Chinese Journal of Lung Cancer ; (12): 239-246, 2020.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-826986

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND@#Occurrence at a younger age has been demonstrated to be associated with a distinct biology in non-small cell lung cancer. However, genomics and clinical characteristics among younger patients with lung adenocarcinoma remain to be determined. Here we studied the potentially targetable genetic alterations by next-generation sequencing (NGS) assay in young Chinese patients with lung adenocarcinoma.@*METHODS@#Eighty-nine surgically resected lung adenocarcinoma tissue samples from patients aged less than 45 years were collected with informed consent from all patients. Targeted NGS assays were used to identify actionable genetic alterations in the cancer tissues. Additionally, the genomic and clinical pathologic characteristics of 95 patients with lung adenocarcinoma who received NGS testing over the same period were analyzed retrospectively.@*RESULTS@#The frequencies of targetable genetic alterations in 184 patients with lung adenocarcinoma were analyzed by defined age categories, which unveiled a distinctive molecular profile in the younger group, aged less than 45 years. Notably, higher frequency of anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) genetic alterations were associated with young age. However, a reverse trend was observed for kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene (KRAS), serine/threonine kinase 11 (STK11) and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) exon 20 mutations, which were more frequently identified in the older group, aged more than 45 years. Furthermore, concurrent EGFR/tumor protein p53 (TP53) mutations were much more prevalent in the younger patients (81.6% vs 44.9%), which might have a poor response to treatment with EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR-TKI).@*CONCLUSIONS@#NGS assay revealed a distinctive genetic profile in younger patients with adenocarcinoma. High frequency of concurrent EGFR/TP53 mutations was found in the younger patients, which especially warranted personalized treatment in this population.

5.
Rev. Asoc. Colomb. Cien. Biol. (En línea) ; 1(31): 36-44, 2019. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS, COLNAL | ID: biblio-1378595

ABSTRACT

Los genes implicados en los rasgos del pelaje de los gatos son útiles para el análisis de la estructura genética que presentan sus poblaciones. El objetivo de este trabajo fue determinar si existe diferenciación genética entre las poblaciones de gato doméstico de los municipios de Restrepo y Darién, los cuales se encuentran separados por el "Lago Calima". Para esto se estimaron las frecuencias alélicas de diversos marcadores del pelaje y se determinó si estas poblaciones presentaban diferencias significativas en su estructura génica o si se encontraban en equilibrio Hardy­Weinberg, además, se realizó una comparación con otras poblaciones inventariadas en el Valle del Cauca. Posteriormente, se llevó a cabo un análisis de componentes principales (ACP-Biplot), para conocer la correlación entre las frecuencias alélicas y los aportes de cada una de ellas a la variabilidad. También se realizó una prueba de Mantel para estimar si existía correlación entre los índices de fijación (FST) y las distancias geográficas. La prueba de Mantel mostró que el gen Orange es el único que muestra una correlación positiva entre los índices de diferenciación FST y las distancias geográficas. La comparación de las poblaciones de interés con las del Valle del Cauca, evidenció que los genes que aportaron más a la variabilidad fueron Dilution (19,08%), Long hair (16,09%), Agouti (16,06%) e Inhibitor (14,04%). Sin embargo, se encontró que las poblaciones de Restrepo y Darién tienen perfiles genéticos similiares y se comportan como una sola según los valores del equilibrio Hardy-Weinberg y los FST. Debido a que no hay diferencias significativas entre las poblaciones estudiadas, se concluye que, aunque el Lago Calima sea una barrera geográfica, no tiene un efecto significativo en la diferenciación genética entre las poblaciones de gatos de Restrepo y Darién.


The genes involved in cat coat traits are useful for the analysis of genetic structure within a population. The objective of this paper was to determine if any genetic differences exist among domestic cat populations from the municipalities of Restrepo and Darien, which are separated by Calima Lake. To analyze population structure, we estimated allelic frequencies of several coat markers, tested for alignment with the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, and compared our populations of interest to others from the Valle del Cauca region. Subsequently, we performed a principal components analysis (PCA-Biplot) to determine the correlation between allelic frequencies and their contributions to variability. A Mantel test was also used to estimate possible correlation among differentiation indexes (FST) and geographic distances. We performed the Mantel test on the Orange gene and identified a positive correlation among differentiation indexes (FST) and geographical distances. After comparing our populations of interest to others in the Valle del Cauca, we observed that the genes with the greatest contribution to variability were Dilution (19,08%), Long hair (16,09%), Agouti (16,06%) and Inhibitor (14,04%). However, we also found that the Restrepo and Darien populations of interest had similar genetic profiles, and aligned with the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, and the FST. Due to the absence of significant differentiation between the populations studied, we conclude that Calima Lake does not have a significant effect on any differentiation between the cat populations of Restrepo and Darien.


Subject(s)
Animals , Cats , Genetic Load , Genetic Phenomena
6.
Acta biol. colomb ; 20(1): 109-116, ene.-abr. 2015. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-734905

ABSTRACT

Los marcadores genéticos del pelaje y malformaciones óseas han permitido caracterizar el perfil genético de más de 400 poblaciones del gato doméstico alrededor del mundo. Hace 15 años se estableció dicho perfil en la ciudad de Cali (Colombia). En este estudio se determinó si el norte y sur de Cali se comportan como subpoblaciones y se comparó el perfil total con el estudio pasado. Se encontró una disminución de la frecuencia alélica de a (no-agouti) y d (dilution), pero un aumento en cinco, especialmente en l (longhair) y c s (siamese). Dichas diferencias pueden atribuirse a la selección humana de características más atractivas y por el flujo génico resultante del crecimiento demográfico de la ciudad, lo que explicaría también el primer reporte de los alelos inhibitor y ticked abyssinian. Se evaluó el equilibrio Hardy-Weinberg para el norte, sur y las dos zonas juntas, usando los loci white spotting y orange, encontrándose desequilibrio en este último para las tres zonas evaluadas debido a un déficit de heterocigotos. Norte y sur se dividieron en dos, y cada sub-muestra presentó equilibrio Hardy-Weinberg, aunque las diferencias en las frecuencias alélicas y heterocigosidades resaltaron microestructura geográfica y una relación entre tiempo de fundación del barrio y heterocigosidad. Norte y sur resultaron ser una población y no subpoblaciones (F ST= 0,0004, D= 0,0017), al igual que las nueve poblaciones colombianas con las que se comparó la presente ciudad. Se sugiere realizar un análisis microgeográfico de flujo génico y la definición de posibles colonias de gatos en Cali.


The coat genetic markers and skeleton abnormalities have allowed characterize the profile from more than 400 domestic cat populations around the world. 15 years ago, that profile was established in the city of Cali (Colombia). In this study it was determined if north and south of the city are subpopulations and it was compared the total profile against past study. A decrease in allele frequency of a (non-agouti) and d (dilution) was found, but an increase of five alleles was found, especially in l (long hair) and c s (siamese). These differences could be attributed to human selection of more attractive characteristics and gene flow resulting from demographic growth city, which would also explain the first report of inhibitor and ticked abyssinian alleles. Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium was evaluated for the north, south and both areas together, using white spotting and orange loci, determining disequilibrium in orange for the three evaluated areas due to a heterozygotes deficit. North and south were divided into two, each sub-sample showed Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, although allele frequencies and heterozygosities highlighted microgeographic structure and a relationship between founding time of the neighborhood and heterozygosity. North and south are a single population and aren´t subpopulations (F ST= 0,0004, D= 0,0017), as well as nine Colombian populations with which this city was compared. It is suggested to make a microgeographical gene flow analysis and the definition of possible cat colonies in Cali.

7.
Article in English | LILACS, COLNAL | ID: biblio-987656

ABSTRACT

Armed conflict in Colombia has played an important role in the missing people phenomenon, in which the Government has the duty to identify, recover and investigate the crime in the process of the victims' reparation. However, identifying missing people is a complex process because of the huge amount of time it consumes and the lack of information regarding the identity of the missing people, which is the norm in most of the cases. In such cases in which there is little information on the identity of missing people (including data of their relatives), DNA analysis and databases are of key importance in the identification process. This is why we present two cases that exemplify the role of DNA databases in the successful identification of missing people.


En el marco del conflicto armado que se ha presentado durante los últimos años en el territorio colombiano, el Estado ha llevado a cabo la labor de investigar, recuperar e identificar los cuerpos de personas desaparecidas en el proceso de reparación a las víctimas. La identificación de personas fallecidas y desaparecidas en la mayoría de los casos es un proceso largo y complejo, en el que es frecuente contar con muy escasa información sobre la posible identidad del individuo y sin ninguna información sobre los familiares. Es aquí donde el análisis de ADN y las bases de datos relacionadas juegan un papel importante en este proceso. Se presentan dos casos en los que se logra la identificación de dos individuos previamente reportados en condición de no identificados (individuos CNI); esto se da años después mediante la búsqueda y comparación de perfiles genéticos en la Base Nacional de Perfiles Genéticos de Aplicación en Investigación Judicial CODIS (Combined DNA Index System por sus siglas en inglés) y haciendo una ampliación del análisis genético en ambos casos para su confirmación.


Subject(s)
Humans , Genetics , Database
8.
Pesqui. vet. bras ; 33(2): 177-182, fev. 2013. graf, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-670951

ABSTRACT

The current systems of breeding poultry, based on high population density, increase the risk of spreading pathogens, especially those causing respiratory diseases and those that have more than one host. Fowl Cholera (FC) is one such pathogen, and even though it represents one of several avian diseases that should be considered in the differential diagnosis of notifiable diseases that present with sudden death, the pathogenesis and virulence factors involved in FC are still poorly understood. The objective of this study was to investigate twelve genes related to virulence in 25 samples of Pasteurella multocida isolated from FC cases in the southern region of Brazil through the development of multiplex PCR protocols. The protocols developed were capable of detecting all of the proposed genes. The ompH, oma87, sodC, hgbA, hgbB, exBD-tonB and nanB genes were present in 100% of the samples (25/25), the sodA and nanH genes were present in 96% (24/25), ptfA was present in 92% (23/25), and pfhA was present in 60% (15/25). Gene toxA was not identified in any of the samples studied (0/25). Five different genetic profiles were obtained, of which P1 (negative to toxA) was the most common. We concluded that the multiplex-PCR protocols could be useful tools for rapid and simultaneous detection of virulence genes. Despite the high frequency of the analyzed genes and the fact that all samples belonged to the same subspecies of P. multocida, five genetic profiles were observed, which should be confirmed in a study with a larger number of samples.


Os atuais sistemas de criação na avicultura, baseados na alta densidade populacional, aumentam os riscos de disseminação de patógenos, especialmente das doenças respiratórias e daquelas cujos agentes etiológicos possuam mais de um hospedeiro. A Cólera Aviária (CA) apresenta estas características e apesar de representar uma das patologias aviárias que deve ser considerada para o diagnóstico diferencial de enfermidades com notificação obrigatória que cursam com morte súbita, a patogenia e os fatores de virulência envolvidos na CA ainda estão pouco elucidados. O objetivo deste trabalho foi pesquisar doze genes associados à virulência em 25 amostras de Pasteurella multocida isoladas de casos de CA na região sul do Brasil através do desenvolvimento de protocolos de multiplex-PCR. Os protocolos de multiplex-PCR desenvolvidos foram capazes de detectar todos os genes propostos. Os genes ompH, oma87, sodC, hgbA, hgbB, exBD-tonB, nanB estiveram presentes em 100% das amostras (25/25). Os genes sodA e nanH em 96% (24/25), o gene ptfA em 92% (23/25) e o gene pfhA em 60% (15/25). O gene toxA não foi identificado em nenhuma das amostras pesquisadas (0/25). Foram obtidos cinco diferentes perfis genéticos, sendo P1 (negativo para o gene toxA) o mais comum. Com este trabalho, concluiu-se que os protocolos de multiplex-PCR desenvolvidos tornam-se uma ferramenta bastante útil e rápida para a detecção simultânea dos genes de virulência. Apesar da alta frequência dos genes estudados e de todas as amostras pertencerem à mesma subespécie de P. multocida, foram observados cinco perfis genéticos, os quais devem ser confirmados em um estudo com um maior número de amostras.


Subject(s)
Animals , Pasteurella multocida/genetics , Pasteurella multocida/isolation & purification , Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction/veterinary , Virulence/genetics , Chickens/microbiology
9.
Rio de Janeiro; s.n; 2012. xviii, 99 p. ilus, tab, graf.
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-734188

ABSTRACT

Estudos sobre os aspectos morfológicos, genéticos e de virulência, inerentes ao Paracoccidioides brasiliensis antes e depois da interação com hospedeiro experimental são de grande importância para. Oito isolados avaliados não apresentaram diferenças macro e micromorfológicas póspassagem em animal quando comparadas a morfologia pré-passagem. Entretanto eles diferiram entre si em relação à micromorfologia, in vitro, com diferenças na gemulação e presença de filamentos à temperatura de 36oC. Em relação à virulência, segundo os critérios adotados, índice esplênico, reisolamento de células fúngicas, lesões em diferentes órgãos e taxa de sobrevivência, o isolado Pb235CRS foi considerado o mais virulento; os isolados Pb261, Pb31MAS, Pb285, Pb246, Pb281 apresentaram virulência intermediária e os isolados Pb29EE e Pb639 foram os menos virulentos. A genotipagem por RAPD dos isolados demonstrou modificações no perfil de bandas do DNA após interação com o hospedeiro animal, aos 100 dias da inoculação, porém não foi possível correlacionar esses dados com os demais obtidos. Os resultados obtidos em nosso estudo apontam que diferenças entre isolados existem e podem interferir na evolução da doença...


Subject(s)
Animals , Muridae , Paracoccidioides , Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA Technique , Virulence , Genotype
10.
Rev. bras. mastologia ; 19(2): 42-46, abr.-jun. 2009. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-559977

ABSTRACT

Objetivos: Analisar características anatomopatológicas e perfil imuno-histoquímico dos carcinomas de mama em mulheres até os 35 anos. Método: Estudo retrospectivo com análise de casos recebidos no período de 1997 a 2007. Foram identificados 909 (6,6%) casos de jovens, dos quais 314 possuíam blocos de parafina disponíveis. Foi selecionado um grupo controle de 81 pacientes acima de 60 anos. Todos os casos foram revisados quanto a características anatomopatológicas. A pesquisa imuno-histoquímica de RE, RP e HER2 foi realizada em 291 casos de mulheres jovens e em 74 acima de 60 anos. Os tumores foram categorizados como luminal (RE e/ou RP positivo), HER2 (RE e RP negativos e HER2 positivo) e triplo-negativo (RE, RP e HER2 negativos). Resultados: O tipo histológico ductal invasivo foi o mais frequente nos dois grupos (95,2% em jovens e 83,90% acima de 60 anos). A frequência do tipo lobular foi menor no grupo jovem (2,5% x 12,3%), embora o subtipo pleomórfico tenha sido mais frequente. Pacientes jovens apresentaram mais frequentemente tumores de alto grau (41,7% x 28,4%) e tendência a tumores circunscritos (8,2% x 7,4%) e com necrose (23,2% x 16,0%). O perfil luminal foi mais frequente nos dois grupos, embora com proporção menor nas jovens (64,9% x 81,1%). Estas apresentaram maior frequência do perfil triplo-negativo (27,1% x 17,6%), mais superexpressão de HER2 (16,5% x 5,4%), e maior frequência do perfil HER2 puro (7,9% x 1,3%). Conclusões: Os resultados apontam para diferenças intrínsecas nos carcinomas em jovens, caracterizadas por perfis morfológico e imuno-histoquímico mais agressivos.


Aims: To analyse pathological features and immunohistochemical profile of breast carcinomas in women 35 years or less. Methods: Retrospective study with analysis of the cases received from 1997 to 2007. We identified 909 (6.6%) cases of breast cancer in young women, 314 of them with available paraffin blocks. A control group of 81 patients above age of 60 was selected. AlI the cases were revised regarding histological features. The immunohistochemical detection of ER, PR and HER2 was carried on 291 cases of young women and 74 in olders. The tumors were categorized as luminal (positive ER and/or PR), HER2 (negative ER and RP, and positive HER2), and triple-negative (negative ER, PR and HER2). Results: The ductal histological type was the most frequent one in the two groups (95.2% in young and 83.9% above 60 years). Infiltrative lobular carcinoma was less frequent in the young group (2.5% x12.3%), although the pleomorphic subtype was more frequent. Young women more often presented with high grade tumors (41.7% x 28.4%) and showed a trend to more circumscribed tumors (8.2% x 7.4%) and necrosis (23.2% x 16.0%). The luminal profile was more frequent in the two groups, although with lower frequency among younger (64.9% x 81.1%). These presented more triple-negative profile (27.1% x 17.6%), more overexpression 01 HER2 (16.5% x 5.4%), as well as the molecular profile HER2 (7.9% x 1.3%). Conclusions: The results point to intrinsic differences in the tumors arising in young women characterized by more aggressive morphological and immunohistochemical profiles.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/genetics , Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/pathology , Breast Neoplasms/genetics , Breast Neoplasms/pathology , Gene Expression Profiling , Immunohistochemistry , Retrospective Studies
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