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1.
Arch. argent. pediatr ; 108(6): 532-537, dic. 2010. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-594327

ABSTRACT

La influencia del medioambiente sobre el desarrollo humano puede ser estudiada evaluando la similitud de rasgos del desarrollo entre hermanosbiológicos, gemelos y adoptados, criadosjuntos y aparte. El medioambiente es causa del 50 por ciento de la varianza total de la capacidad cognitivageneral de una población determinada. Esta influencia disminuye con la edad a expensas de la influencia genética. Desde la infancia hasta la adultez, existe una disminución paulatina de lainfluencia del mediomabiente compartido con un aumento de la influencia genética y del medioambienteno compartido. Paradójicamente, lagenética cuantitativa brinda valiosa información sobre la influencia del medioambiente sobre el desarrollo infantil.


The environmental influence on human development can be studied by assessing similarities and discrepancies in developmental traits betweenbiological and adopted siblings and twins, reared together and reared apart. Approximately 50% of total variance of general cognitive ability in a given population can be explained by theenvironment. This influence gradually decreases with age, from infancy to adulthood. Two types of environments can be distinguished: shared and non shared. The former one, acts predominantly in childhood, and the non shared environment becomes more important in adulthood. Paradoxically, quantitative genetics can make asignificant contribution to knowledge on the influence of environment on human development.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Child Development , Environment , Genetics , Heredity
2.
Arch. argent. pediatr ; 108(4): 331-336, ago. 2010. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-558978

ABSTRACT

La genética cuantitativa contribuye a discriminar la influencia relativa de los factores genéticos y medioambientales en el desarrollo humano. El cálculo de coeficientes de correlación del cociente intelectual, entre hermanos, o gemelos monocigóticos y dicigóticos, criados juntos o separados, permite efectuar estimaciones de la heredabilidad, que mide la contribución de la genética a la varianza de un rasgo del desarrollo. Muchos aspectos del desarrollo intelectual normal, tienen una heredabilidad de aproximadamente el 50%. El resto es atribuible a factores medioambientales. La influencia de la genética en el desarrollo no implica un destino programado e inexorable, sino una propensión, una tendencia, más queuna certeza.


Quantitative genetics can make a significant contribution to disentangle the relative influence of genetics and environment on human developmentand its disorders. Estimates of Pearson'scorrelation coefficients between siblings, mono and dizogotic twins reared together or apart, allows the calculation of heredability, that is,the contribution of genetics to the variance of a given trait. In the case of many aspects of intellectual development, heredability is around50%. The rests is attributable to the influence of environment. The influence of genetics on development should be considered as a trend, a risk, rather than a programmed fate.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Behavior , Environment , Genetics , Growth and Development , Intelligence , Multifactorial Inheritance
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