Genodermatología, una aplicación que favorece la atención de los pacientes con genodermatosis

Las genodermatosis, aunque se consideran enfermedades raras, algunas como la neurofibromatosis tipo 1, el síndrome de Ehlers Danlos clásico y la ictiosis vulgar presentan prevalencias mayores a las esperadas en Las Tunas, provincia oriental de Cuba. "Genodermatología", es una aplicación diseñada para teléfonos celulares androide que favorece el estudio y atención de las genodermatosis. El Objetivo de este estudio es evaluar el nivel de satisfacción de los usuarios respecto a "Genodermatología". Se realizó una investigación de desarrollo tecnológico, desarrollado una aplicación utilizando las herramientas Wordpress 5.7.1, Dreamweaver 2021, Apache Cordova 10.0.0, Android Studio 4.1.0.0 para teléfonos celulares androides versión 4.1 o más actualizados. Para su evaluación la muestra la constituyeron 50 usuarios entre estudiantes de la Ciencias Médicas, residentes de dermatología, genética médica clínica y pediatría, además de especialistas de estas especialidades. Se utilizó una encuesta, evaluando nivel de accesibilidad, funcionalidad, actualización y aceptabilidad. Se calculó la media de satisfacción. Con media alta, por encima de 4, tanto en la accesibilidad, funcionalidad, actualización del contenido y aceptabilidad, la aplicación "Genodermatología" es de gran utilidad para todos los profesionales que atienden a pacientes con genodermatosis ya que orienta el diagnóstico, seguimiento y educación del paciente y la familia.

The genodermatoses although they are considered strange diseases, some as the neurofibromatosis type 1, Ehlers Danlos syndrome and the ichthyosis vulgaris present bigger prevalence to the prospective ones in The Tunas, oriental county of Cuba. "Genodermatologia", is an application designed for telephones cellular android that it favors the study and attention of the genodermatoses. The objective of this study is to evaluate the level of the user's satisfaction regarding "Genodermatologia". Was carried out an investigation of technological, developed development an application using the tools Wordpress 5.7.1, Dreamweaver 2021, Apache Cordova 10.0.0, Android Studio 4.1.0.0 for telephones cellular androids version 4.1 or more up-to-date. For their evaluation the sample 50 users constituted it among students of the Medical Sciences, dermatology residents, genetics clinical doctor and pediatrics, besides specialists of these specialties. A survey was used, evaluating level of accessibility, functionality, upgrade and acceptability. The stocking of satisfaction was calculated. With half discharge, above 4, so much in the accessibility, functionality, upgrade of the content and acceptability, the application "Genodermatologia" is of great utility for all the professionals that assist since to patient with genodermatoses guides the diagnosis, pursuit and the patient's education and the family.

As genodermatoses, embora consideradas doenças raras, algumas como a neurofibromatose tipo 1, a síndrome clássica de Ehlers Danlos e a ictiose vulgar têm prevalências mais elevadas do que o esperado em Las Tunas, província oriental de Cuba. "Genodermatologia", é um aplicativo projetado para celulares Android que favorece o estudo e o cuidado das genodermatoses. O objetivo deste estudo é avaliar o nível de satisfação dos usuários com a "Genodermatologia". Pesquisa de desenvolvimento tecnológico foi realizada, um aplicativo foi desenvolvido usando as ferramentas Wordpress 5.7.1, Dreamweaver 2021, Apache Cordova 10.0.0, Android Studio 4.1.0.0 para celulares Android versão 4.1 ou mais atualizado. Para sua avaliação, a amostra foi composta por 50 usuários entre estudantes de Ciências Médicas, residentes de dermatologia, genética clínica médica e pediatria, além de especialistas nessas especialidades. Utilizou-se uma pesquisa, avaliando o nível de acessibilidade, funcionalidade, atualização e aceitabilidade. A média de satisfação foi calculada. Com média alta, acima de 4, tanto em acessibilidade, funcionalidade, atualização de conteúdo e aceitabilidade, o aplicativo "Genodermatologia" é muito útil para todos os profissionais que cuidam de pacientes com genodermatose, pois orienta o diagnóstico, o acompanhamento e a educação do paciente e da família.

Metodología para la atención integral a pacientes con genodermatosis

Las genodermatosis constituyen un grupo de enfermedades genéticas con afectación de la piel y sus anexos. En Cuba, el Programa Nacional de Diagnóstico, Atención y Prevención de Enfermedades Genéticas, en relación a las genodermatosis, no cuenta con protocolos para su diagnóstico, tratamiento y seguimiento. El objetivo del estudio es evaluar una metodología para la atención a los pacientes con genodermatosis. Se realizó en Las Tunas, provincia oriental de Cuba, un estudio cuasi-experimental, aplicándose la variante Delphy del método de expertos, siendo consultados un grupo de especialistas cubanos de dermatología, genética médica clínica y pediatría, con alto nivel científico y experiencia en el trabajo con pacientes con genodermatosis. Diseñándose la metodología que propone el protocolo del diagnóstico, tratamiento y algoritmo de seguimiento para estos pacientes. Se estudiaron 395 pacientes atendidos en el Departamento provincial de Genética Médica. Se estudiaron la tasa de prevalencia, la media de casos diagnosticados por año, la proporción de complicaciones presentadas, el índice de supervivencia e índice de letalidad y para relacionar las variables referentes a la mejoría del estado dermatológico y manifestaciones extracutáneas se utilizó la prueba estadística de Chi cuadrado de Mc-Nemar, con una significación estadística p≤0,05. Después de implementada la metodología, predominó la neurofibromatosis 1, síndrome de Ehlers Danlos clásico e ictiosis vulgar, la media de casos diagnosticados por año aumentó; disminuyeron las complicaciones, predominando las piodermitis (6.13 %); el índice de mortalidad fue bajo (1.27%) con alto índice de supervivencia (98.73%) y mejoría de las manifestaciones dermatológicas (MCNemar X2=90.41558, P=0.000000) y extracutáneas (McNemar X2=24.083334, P=0.000001). La metodología diseñada para la atención a pacientes con genodermatosis fortalece el Programa Nacional de Diagnóstico, Atención y Prevención de Enfermedades Genéticas, demostrando ser efectiva, con mayor número de casos diagnosticados, menor proporción de complicaciones, alta supervivencia, baja letalidad y mejoría clínica de las manifestaciones dermatológicas y extracutáneas.

The genodermatoses constitutes a group of genetic diseases with affectation of the skin and their annexes. In Cuba, the National Program of Diagnostic, Attention and Prevention of Genetic diseases, in relation to the genodermatoses, don't have protocols for their diagnosis, treatment and pursuit. The objective of this study is to evaluate a methodology for the attention to the patients with genodermatosis. Was carried out in The Tunas, oriental county of Cuba, a quasi-experimental study, being applied the varying Delphy of the method of experts, being consulted a group of Cuban specialists of dermatology, genetics clinical doctor and pediatrics, with high scientific level and experience in the work with patient with genodermatoses. Being designed the methodology that proposes the protocol of the diagnosis, treatment and pursuit algorithm for these patients. 395 patients were studied assisted in the provincial Department of Medical Genetics. Were studied the prevalence rate, the stocking of cases diagnosed per year, the proportion of presented complications, the index of survival and lethality index and to relate the relating variables to the improvement of the state dermatologic and extracutaneous manifestations the statistical test of square Chi of Mc-Nemar was used, with a significance statistical p≤0,05. After having implemented the methodology, prevailed the neurofibromatosis, Ehlers Danlos syndrome and ichthyosis vulgaris; the stocking of cases diagnosed per year increased; they diminished the complications, prevailing the piodermitis (6.13%); the index of mortality was low (1.27%) with high index of survival (98.73%) and improvement of the manifestations dermatologic (MCNemar X2=90.41558, P=0.000000) and extracutaneous (McNemar X2=24.083334, P=0.000001). The methodology designed for the attention to patient with genodermatoses strengthens the National Program of Diagnostic, Attention and Prevention of Genetic Illnesses, demonstrating to be effective, with bigger number of diagnosed cases, smaller proportion of complications, high survival, low lethality and clinical improvement of the dermatologic and extracutaneous manifestations.

As genodermatoses são um grupo de doenças genéticas com envolvimento da pele e seus anexos. Em Cuba, o Programa Nacional de Diagnóstico, Cuidado e Prevenção de Doenças Genéticas, em relação às genodermatoses, não possui protocolos para seu diagnóstico, tratamento e acompanhamento. O objetivo do estudo é avaliar uma metodologia para o cuidado de pacientes com genodermatose. Um estudo quase-experimental foi realizado em Las Tunas, província oriental de Cuba, aplicando a variante Delphy do método expert, sendo consultado um grupo de especialistas cubanos em dermatologia, genética médica clínica e pediatria, com alto nível científico e experiência no trabalho com pacientes com genodermatose. Desenho da metodologia que propõe o protocolo de diagnóstico, tratamento e algoritmo de acompanhamento para esses pacientes. Um total de 395 pacientes tratados no Departamento Provincial de Genética Médica foram estudados. Foram estudadas as prevalências, o número médio de casos diagnosticados por ano, a proporção de complicações apresentadas, a sobrevida e o índice de letalidade e para relacionar as variáveis referentes à melhora do estado dermatológico e das manifestações extracutâneas, utilizou-se o teste estatístico Qui-quadrado de Mc-Nemar, com significância estatística p≤0, 05. Após a implementação da metodologia, predominaram a neurofibromatose 1, a síndrome clássica de Ehlers Danlos e a ictiose vulgar, aumentando-se o número médio de casos diagnosticados por ano; complicações diminuídas, predominantemente piodermite (6,13%); a taxa de mortalidade foi baixa (1,27%), com alta sobrevida (98,73%) e melhora dermatológica (MCNemar X2=90,41558, P=0,000000) e extracutânea (McNemar X2=24,083334, P=0,000001). A metodologia desenhada para o cuidado de pacientes com genodermatose fortalece o Programa Nacional de Diagnóstico, Cuidado e Prevenção de Doenças Genéticas, mostrando-se eficaz, com maior número de casos diagnosticados, menor proporção de complicações, alta sobrevida, baixa letalidade e melhora clínica das manifestações dermatológicas e extracutâneas.

Pediatric dermatoses pattern at a Brazilian reference center

Abstract Objective: The aim of this study was to identify the pattern of pediatric dermatoses of patients evaluated at a dermatologic clinic of a reference center in Brazil and to compare these results to similar surveys conducted in other countries. Methods: A retrospective study was performed of patients up to 18 years old, evaluated at a dermatologic clinic between January 1, 2017 and December 31, 2017. Variables collected for analysis included age, gender, dermatological diagnosis, multidisciplinary follow-up, hospitalization, and complementary exams. Results: A total of 2330 patients were included for analysis, with a mean age of 9.7 years. 295 patients were diagnosed with more than one skin disease, leading to a total of 2668 diagnoses. Skin diseases were organized into categories and inflammatory dermatoses corresponded to the largest group (31.2%), mostly due to atopic dermatitis (18.3%). The other main categories were: genodermatoses (14.2%), infectious diseases (12.6%), adnexal disorders (12.5%), cysts and neoplasms (10.7%), and vascular disorders (7.0%). Fifty-six patients needed to be admitted to the dermatology ward; 25 of them (44.6%) for management of worsening of the skin disease, mainly atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, and drug reactions. There were 885 biopsies performed in 38.0% of the subjects and 751 patients (32.2%) required multidisciplinary care; most of them had some genodermatoses. Conclusions: Dermatologic disorders are very common in the pediatric age group and differ from those in adults, suffering influence from cultural, ethnic, socioeconomic, and environmental factors. Knowing the magnitude and distribution of these dermatoses is important to better plan healthcare policies.

Whole-exome sequencing in the clinical setting: Establishing a foothold for precision medicine in genodermatoses and other diseases

@#The concept of “precision medicine” has been a mainstay in discourses about the future of medicine, although it was not until the completion of the Human Genome Project that genetic associations to Mendelian diseases have risen dramatically. Since genetic variations in most (85%) monogenic or oligogenic diseases reside in exons, whole-exome sequencing (WES) serves as a pivotal tool in the identification of causative variants in genodermatoses and other diseases, leading to efficient and timely diagnosis. Here, we share our current diagnosis protocol for genodermatoses using WES as a first-tier solution. Two cases are presented to demonstrate the process of identifying germline variants and one case for a somatic variant. In the first case, a germline missense mutation in COL7A1 (exon73:c.G6127A) was identified for a patient that presented with clinical symptoms of dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa (DEB). Immunofluorescence study revealed decreased collagen VII expression in the dermal-epidermal junction. In case 2, we detected a germline missense mutation in KRT16 (exon1:c.374A>G) in a patient with palmoplantar keratoderma (PPK) and congenital pachyonychia. Sanger sequencing and segregation analysis confirmed the variant detected in WES. For case 3, a patient with linear nevus comedonicus was found to have a somatic missense mutation in NEK9 (exon4:c.500T>C), which was only detected in the lesional DNA sample. Thus, WES shows great potential as a diagnostic tool for monogenic or oligogenic genodermatoses. Since omics is a technology-driven tool, we expect that reaching precision medicine is ever closer.

Enfermedad de Hailey-Hailey, una familia diagnosticada a partir de un caso propositus / Hailey-Hailey diseases, a family diagnosed starting from a case propositus

RESUMEN Introducción: La enfermedad de Hailey-Hailey, también conocida como pénfigo benigno familiar, es una enfermedad de muy baja frecuencia de aparición, aunque es una genodermatosis,las manifestaciones clínicas se manifiestan en la adolescencia o adultez temprana. Objetivo: Profundizar en los elementos que permiten el diagnóstico temprano de la enfermedad de Hailey-Hailey. Presentación del caso: En Las Tunas, provincia oriental de Cuba, es atendida en consulta especializada multidisciplinaria de genodermatosis, una mujer de 50 años de edad, quien presentabalesiones eritematosas, vesiculosas y erosivas, localizadas en zonas de pliegues, que habían aparecido desde la adolescencia, siendo tratadas en varias ocasiones como una micosis superficialo dermatitis. Se lerealiza estudio histopatológico que constató el diagnósticode enfermedad de Hailey-Hailey. Se estudiaron los demás miembros de la familia afectados con similareslesiones dermatológicasy se corrobora el diagnóstico familiar. La paciente fue tratada con esteroides en dosis antinflamatorias, vitaminoterapia y terapéutica tópica consistente en uso de fomentos antisépticos naturales y crema antinflamatoria de aloe, con buena respuesta a la terapéutica. Conclusiones: Se presenta el caso porque la enfermedad de Hailey Hailey es infrecuente, las manifestaciones comienzan en la adolescencia, pudiendo confundirse con otras dermatosis. En la investigación se determinó el diagnóstico de los demás miembros de la familia afectados a partir del caso propositus.

ABSTRACT Introduction: The Hailey-Hailey diseases,also known asbenign familial pemphigus, is an disease of very low appearance frequency,although it is a genodermatoses, the clinical manifestations are manifested in the adolescence or early adulthood. Objective: To deepen in the elements that allows the early diagnosis of Hailey-Hailey diseases. Case presentation: In Las Tunas, oriental county of Cuba, is assisted in multidisciplinary specialized consultation of genodermatoses, a 50-year-old woman who presented lesions erytmematous, vesiculous and erosive, located in areas of pleats that had appeared from the adolescence, being treated in several occasions like a superficial mycosis or dermatitis. She is carried out study histopathologyc that verified the diagnosis of Hailey-Hailey diseases. The other members of the family were studied affected with similar injure dermatological and the family diagnosis is corroborated. The patient was treated with steroids in dose antinflammatory, vitamintherapy and topical therapeutic consistentin use of antiseptic natural foments and cream antinflammatory of aloe, with good answer to the therapy. Conclusions: The case is presented because the Hailey-Hailey diseases areuncommon; the manifestations begin in the adolescence, being able to make a mistake with other dermatomes.In the investigation the diagnosis of the other members of the family was determined affected starting from the case propositus.

Displasia ectodérmica hipohidrótica ligada al cromosoma X de novo por variante recurrente en un paciente mexicano / X-linked hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia by a de novo recurrent variant in a Mexican patient

Resumen Introducción: Las displasias ectodérmicas son un grupo de genodermatosis que se caracterizan por distrofia de las estructuras derivadas del ectodermo. De ellas, la variedad más común es la hipohidrótica, con una incidencia de 7/100,000 nacidos vivos observada en todos los grupos étnicos. La displasia ectodérmica hipohidrótica tiene distintas etiologías. La presentación más frecuente es la asociada a un patrón de herencia ligado al cromosoma X, causada por variantes patogénicas del gen EDA en Xq13.1. EDA codifica a la ectodisplasina A, una molécula de señalización que participa en la comunicación epitelio-mesénquima durante el desarrollo de la piel y los anexos. Caso clínico: Varón de 6 años con las características clínicas cardinales de la displasia ectodérmica hipohidrótica ligada al cromosoma X (DEHLX), que incluyen hipotricosis, oligodoncia e hipohidrosis. El análisis del gen EDA por secuenciación directa mostró la presencia de la variante patogénica c.466C>T, p.Arg156Cys, rs132630313 con presentación de novo en el paciente. Esta variante ya ha sido reportada en diferentes poblaciones, incluyendo familias mexicanas, y constituye un punto caliente para mutación en EDA. Se analizaron los hallazgos clínicos, la etiología y el manejo de la DEHLX, en la que de manera reciente se ha planteado la posibilidad de otorgar tratamiento prenatal para prevenir sus manifestaciones clínicas. Conclusiones: Se pone de relevancia que el análisis molecular en pacientes con DEHLX corrobora el diagnóstico clínico y permite brindar asesoramiento genético con bases moleculares.

Abstract Background: Ectodermal dysplasias are a group of genodermatoses characterized by dystrophy of ectodermal derived structures. The most frequent presentation of the ectodermal dysplasias is the hypohidrotic type, which has an incidence of 7/100,000 newborns and has been described in all ethnic groups. The hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia (HED) has different etiologies, and it is more frequently associated with an X-linked pattern of inheritance caused by pathogenic variants of the EDA gene in Xq13.1. EDA encodes the protein ectodisplasin A, a signal molecule which participates in epithelium and mesenchymal development of the skin. Case report: A 6 year-old male patient with the main clinical characteristics of the X-linked HED including hypotrichosis, hypodontia and hypohidrosis. The direct sequencing analysis of EDA in our patient detected a de novo pathogenic variant, c.466C>T, p.Arg156Cys, rs132630313. This variant has been previously described in different ethnic groups, including Mexican families, and is considered a mutational hotspot. The clinical characteristics, etiology and management of the X-linked HED, including the possibility of prenatal therapy in order to avoid the clinical manifestations are discussed. Conclusions: The molecular analysis in patients with X-linked HED is of relevance, as it enables to confirm the clinical diagnosis and also, it allows a genetic assessment with molecular bases.

Incontinencia pigmentaria en madre e hija / Mother - daughter Incontinentia pigmenti

Introducción: La incontinencia pigmentaria es una genodermatosis poco frecuente, con herencia dominante ligada al cromosoma X, que se presenta casi exclusivamente en mujeres. Objetivo: Informar un caso de incontinencia pigmentaria familiar (madre e hija), trastorno neuroectodérmico sistémico infrecuente. Presentación del caso: Lactante femenina remitida del servicio de neurología a la consulta especializada de dermatología en el Hospital William Soler, por alteraciones en el desarrollo psicomotor y crisis epilépticas con lesiones vegetantes hiperpigmentadas que siguen las líneas de Blaschko. En la madre se detectaron lesiones atróficas con una disposición similar. Conclusiones: Esta rara enfermedad debe sospecharse por erupción cutánea que sigue las líneas de Blaschko, habitualmente presentes en el nacimiento y que evoluciona en etapas consecutivas características. Resaltamos la importancia del asesoramiento genético, con el fin de prevenir futuras generaciones afectadas, así como el manejo multidisciplinario en esta genodermatosis(AU)

Introduction: Incontinencia pigmenti is a rare genodermatoses with dominant inheritance linked to X chromosome that occurs almost exclusively in women. Objective: To report a case of family incontinentia pigmenti (mother and daughter), which is a systemic neuroectodermal disorder rare in pediatrics. Case presentation: Female infant referred from the neurology service to the dermatology specialist in William Soler Hospital due to alterations in the psychomotor development and epileptic seizures with hyperpigmented vegetative lesions that follow the Blaschko lines. In the mother, atrophic lesions were detected with a similar distribution. Conclusions: This rare disease should be suspected by rash that follows the Blaschko lines, usually present at birth and that develops in characteristic consecutive stages. We emphasize the importance of genetic counselling in order to prevent future generations to be affected, as well as the multidisciplinary management in this genodermatoses(AU)

Descubriendo el pseudoxantoma elástico / Discovering the elasticum pseudoxanthoma

Enfermedad hereditaria rara, el pseudoxantoma elástico es un trastorno genético del tejido conectivo, que se caracteriza por fragmentación de las fibras elásticas y posterior calcificación de éstas afectando dermis, vasos sanguíneos y la membrana de Bruch de retina. El patrón de herencia es muy variable, lo que hace posible que esta enfermedad pueda estar subdiagnosticada. La escasa incidencia de esta patología justifica la presentación de dos casos que tuvieron solamente manifestaciones cutáneas.

Hereditary disease does not frequent pseudoxanthoma elastic; is a genetic upheaval of the conective weave, that characterizes by fragmentation of elastic fibers and later calcification of these, affecting dermis, blood vessels and membrane of Bruch of retina. The inheritance pattern is very variable which causes that disease; can be subdiagnosed. The litlle incidence of this pathology, causes that in our professional experience we have been able to diagnose two cases in which the manifestations were cutaneous.