ABSTRACT
Introducción: las radiaciones ionizantes (RI) pueden inducir la formación de micronúcleos (MN). La frecuencia de MN se utiliza como biomarcador de daño genético inducido por (RI). Objetivo: evaluar el daño al ADN resultante de la exposición ocupacional a RI en personal de clínicas veterinarias o afines. Metodología: se utilizó el ensayo de micronúcleos con bloqueo de la citocinesis (MNBC) para comparar la frecuencia observada del biomarcador en 40 individuos expuestos ocupacionalmente a RI con respecto a un grupo control de 32 participantes, ambos grupos pertenecen a personal veterinario. Además, se registraron variables demográficas, de estilo de vida y ocupacionales que pudieran influir en la formación de MN. Resultados: el análisis univariado no registró diferencias significativas en la frecuencia de MN entre los grupos de estudio (p=0,118). Mediante análisis multivariado se obtuvo que aproximadamente un 27% (R2 ajustado= 0,269) de la variabilidad de la frecuencia de MN puede explicarse por la influencia conjunta de la edad, el sexo y el número de radiografías realizadas por el individuo. La edad es la variable de mayor importancia relativa (β = 0,504), seguida del sexo del participante (β = -0,316) y el número de radiografías realizadas por día (β = 0,214). Conclusiones: La frecuencia de MN tiende a aumentar en mujeres, a medida que aumenta la edad del participante y a mayor número de radiografías realizadas.
Introduction: Ionizing radiation (RI) can induce the formation of micronuclei (MN). The formation of MN is used as a biomarker of radiation-induced genetic damage. Objective: assess DNA damage resulting from occupational exposure to RI in veterinary personnel. Methodology: the cytokinesis-block micronucleus assay (MNBC) was used to compare the observed frequency of MN in 40 individuals occupationally exposed to ionizing radiation with respect to a control group of 32 participants, both groups belonging to veterinary personnel. In addition, demographic, lifestyle and occupational variables that could influence the formation of MN were recorded. Results: univariate analysis did not show significant differences in the frequency of MN between the study groups (p=0.118). Using multivariate analysis, it was found that approximately 27% (adjusted R2= 0.269) of the variability in the frequency of MN can be explained by the joint influence of age, sex and the number of radiographic images performed by the participant. Age is the variable with the greatest relative importance (β = 0.504), followed by the sex of the participant (β = -0.316) and the number of X-rays performed per day (β = 0.214). Conclusions: the frequency of MN tends to increase in women, as the participant's age increases and as the number of radiographic images performed increases.
ABSTRACT
RESUMEN Introducción: en el mundo, el cáncer de próstata es la principal causa de muerte en hombres. Algunas evidencias sugieren que los ácidos grasos omega-3 reducen la viabilidad de las células tumorales mientras que los ácidos omega-6 promueven su proliferación; al respecto, otros estudios han mostrado resultados controvertidos. Objetivo: evaluar los efectos citotóxicos, genotóxicos y anticlonogénicos de ácidos omega-3: α-linolénico (ALA), eicosapentaenoico (EPA) y docosahexaenoico (DHA), omega-6: linoleico (LA), araquidónico (AA) y omega-9: oleico (OA) en células de cáncer de próstata (PC-3). Metodología: se evaluó el efecto sobre la viabilidad celular relativa mediante las pruebas de MTT y Azul de Tripano, el efecto genotóxico mediante intercambios de cromátidas hermanas (ICHs) y ensayo cometa, y el efecto anticlonogénico in vitro, en diferentes concentraciones (25, 50, 100 y 150 µM) de seis ácidos grasos omega en células de cáncer de próstata (PC-3). Resultados: la viabilidad relativa por MTT mostró valores ≤ IC50 con las concentraciones mayores (100 y 150 µM) para los ácidos grasos omega-3 EPA y DHA y omega-6 AA (150 µM), mientras que la viabilidad relativa, evaluada con Azul de Tripano, con estos mismos ácidos, redujeron la viabilidad a 0 %. DHA y EPA mostraron efecto genotóxico y la disminución de la clonogenicidad celular (p < 0,01). Por otro lado, LA y AA disminuyeron la viabilidad relativa observada con Azul de Tripano, sugiriendo diferentes mecanismos de acción de los ácidos grasos en la membrana celular. Conclusión: los resultados mostraron que los ácidos grasos omega-3, EPA, DHA, y omega-6, AA, disminuyen la formación de colonias, reducen la viabilidad celular y aumentan el efecto genotóxico respecto al control no tratado, en el modelo in vitro de células tumorales de próstata PC-3.
SUMMARY Introduction: Prostate cancer is the main cause of cancer related deaths in men worldwide. Previous studies have suggested that omega-3 fatty acids reduce cell viability in tumour cells, whereas omega-6 fatty acids increase clonogenicity. Nevertheless, other reports have shown controversial results. Objective: Evaluate cytotoxicity, genotoxicity and clonogenicity in a prostate cancer derived human cell line (PC-3), treated with fatty acids omega-3: α-linolenic acid (ALA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA); omega-6: linoleic acid (LA) and arachidonic acid (AA); omega-9: oleic acid (OA). Methods: The tests included (a) cytotoxicity assays by MTT and Trypan Blue; (b) genotoxicity evaluation by the sister-chromatid exchanges technique (SCE) and the DNA-comet assay; and (c) in vitro clonogenic assay of six fatty acids in prostate cancer cell (PC-3) at different concentrations (25 µM, 50 µM, 100 µM and 150 µM). Results: The cell viability by MTT data showed ≤ IC50 values for the omega-3 EPA and DHA and omega-6 AA fatty acids at the two major concentrations (100 µM and 150 µM). Moreover, the same fatty acids viability values dropped to 0 % with Trypan Blue test. EPA and DHA showed genotoxic effect and a clonogenic cell decrease (p<0,01). The latter test also revealed a viability diminishment for LA and AA, suggesting different mechanisms of action of fatty acids on cell membrane. Conclusion: The in vitro evaluation revealed that EPA, DHA and AA reduce the clonogenicity and cell viability of prostate tumour cells and cause genotoxicity in prostate tumour derived PC-3 cells.
Subject(s)
Humans , Animals , Prostate , Genotoxicity , NeoplasmsABSTRACT
Purpose@#To study the effect of Three roots granule medicine with compound medicines ingredient of Asparagus cohinchinensis, Polygonatum odoratum and Polygonatum sibiricum on acute toxicity test and genotoxicity tests. @*Methods@#In toxicity study of Three roots granule medicine, by acute toxicity test were observed general status of animals, body weight changes, signs of poisoning and death for 14 day and determined the maximum tolerated dose, by Ames test, mouse bone marrow polychromatic erythrocyte micronucleus test and mouse sperm deformity test were determined genotoxicity effect. The data were analyzed through SPSS 19.0.@*Results and Conclusions@#In the result of toxicity study, three roots granule medicine was MTD>15g/kg, no acute toxic activity, did not induce mutagenic effect in Ames test and was negative in mouse bone marrow polychromatic erythrocyte micronucleus test and mouse sperm deformity test. Three roots granule medicine has no acute toxicity effect, no genotoxicity effect and safety. We as regard as in future can continuously study to the other pharmacology study of three roots granule medicine.
ABSTRACT
As a member of growth arrest and DNA damage inducible gene family,GADD45αparticipats in the regulation of cell cycle,cell senescence,cell survival and apoptosis. GADD45αplays a critical role in the responses to cell injury induced by a variety of factors including cell stress and genotoxic chemicals. Different transcription factors and proteins are involved in transcriptional regulation of GADD45αgene. GADD45αprotein has been implicated in the regulation of genomic stability related cellular responses through interaction with other proteins. Genotoxicity test systems based on the char?acteristics of GADD45α in regulation of cell function,can be applied to the detection of potentially genotoxic compounds,which provides new ideas and methods about genotoxicity assessment. The molecular mechanism and research progress of GADD45α in genotoxicity test are summarized in this article.
ABSTRACT
Glyphosate is noted for being non-toxic in fishes, birds and mammals (including humans). Nevertheless, the degree of genotoxicity is seriously controversial. In this work, various concentrations of a glyphosate isopropylamine salt were tested using two methods of genotoxicity assaying, viz., the pink mutation assay with Tradescantia (4430) and the comet assay with nuclei from staminal cells of the same plant. Staminal nuclei were studied in two different forms, namely nuclei from exposed plants, and nuclei exposed directly. Using the pink mutation assay, isopropylamine induced a total or partial loss of color in staminal cells, a fundamental criterion utilized in this test. Consequently, its use is not recommended when studying genotoxicity with agents that produce pallid staminal cells. The comet assay system detected statistically significant (p < 0.01) genotoxic activity by isopropylamine, when compared to the negative control in both the nuclei of treated plants and directly treated nuclei, but only the treated nuclei showed a dose-dependent increase. Average migration in the nuclei of treated plants increased, when compared to that in treated nuclei. This was probably due, either to the permanence of isopropylamine in inflorescences, or to the presence of secondary metabolites. In conclusion, isopropylamine possesses strong genotoxic activity, but its detection can vary depending on the test systems used.
Subject(s)
Comet Assay , DNA Damage , Point Mutation , TradescantiaABSTRACT
We evaluated the safety of fucoidan from Gagome Kombu (GKF) in genotoxicity tests. In bacterial reverse mutation test, GKF had no reverse mutation inducing activity on five bacterial strains with or without S9 metabolic activation. In chromosome aberration test, GKF had neither structural nor numerical chromosome aberration inducibility with or without S9 metabolic activation. In micronucleus test, neither formation of micronuclei nor decrease of mironucleated reticulocytes was observed in the bone marrow of the mice treated by GKF. These results indicate that GKF has no genotoxic activities under the condition of this study.<br>