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Abstract Objective To assess the potential relationship of clinical status upon admission and distance traveled from geographical health district in women with gestational trophoblastic disease (GTD). Methods This is a cross-sectional study including women with GTD from the 17 health districts from the São Paulo state (I-XVII), Brazil, referred to the Botucatu Trophoblastic Disease Center (specialized center, district VI), between 1990 and 2018. At admission, hydatidiform mole was assessed according to the risk score system of Berkowitz et al. Gestational trophoblastic neoplasia was evaluated using the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics / World Health Organization (FIGO/WHO) staging/risk score. Data on demographics, clinical status and distance traveled were collected. Multiple regression analyses were performed. Results This study included 366 women (335 hydatidiform mole, 31 gestational trophoblastic neoplasia). The clinical status at admission and distance traveled significantly differed between the specialized center district and other districts. Patients referred from health districts IX (β = 2.38 [0.87-3.88], p = 0.002) and XVI (β = 0.78 [0.02-1.55], p = 0.045) had higher hydatidiform mole scores than those from the specialized center district. Gestational trophoblastic neoplasia patients from district XVI showed a 3.32 increase in FIGO risk scores compared with those from the specialized center area (β = 3.32, 95% CI = 0.78-5.87, p = 0.010). Distance traveled by patients from districts IX (200km) and XVI (203.5km) was significantly longer than that traveled by patients from the specialized center district (76km). Conclusion Patients from health districts outside the specialized center area had higher risk scores for both hydatidiform mole and gestational trophoblastic neoplasia at admission. Long distances (>80 km) seemed to adversely influence gestational trophoblastic disease clinical status at admission, indicating barriers to accessing specialized centers.
Resumo Objetivo Avaliar a possível relação entre estado clínico na apresentação e distância percorrida a partir do distrito de saúde em mulheres com doença trofoblástica gestacional. Métodos Estudo transversal incluindo mulheres com doença trofoblástica gestacional dos 17 distritos de saúde do estado de São Paulo (I-XVII), Brasil, encaminhadas ao Centro de Doenças Trofoblásticas de Botucatu (distrito VI), entre 1990 e 2018. Na admissão, avaliaram-se mola hidatiforme pelo sistema de pontuação de risco de Berkowitz et al. e neoplasia trofoblástica gestacional pelo escore de risco/estadiamento Federação Internacional de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia / Organização Mundial da Saúde (FIGO/OMS). Coletaram-se dados demográficos, clínicos e distância percorrida e análises de regressão múltipla foram realizadas. Resultados Este estudo incluiu 366 mulheres (335 mola hidatiforme, 31 neoplasia trofoblástica gestacional). O estado clínico na apresentação e distância percorrida diferiram significativamente entre o centro especializado e demais distritos. Nas pacientes encaminhadas pelos distritos IX (β = 2,38 [0,87-3,88], p = 0,002) e XVI (β = 0,78 [0,02-1,55], p = 0,045), os escores de mola hidatiforme foram maiores que no centro especializado. As pacientes com neoplasia trofoblástica gestacional do distrito XVI apresentaram escores FIGO 3,32 vezes maior que no centro especializado (β = 3,32, 95% CI = 0,78-5,87, p = 0,010). A distância percorrida pelas pacientes dos distritos IX (200km) e XVI (203,5km) foi significativamente maior do que a percorrida pelas pacientes do centro especializado (76km). Conclusão Pacientes de distritos de saúde fora da cobertura do centro especializado apresentaram escores de risco mais alto para mola hidatiforme e para neoplasia trofoblástica gestacional na admissão. Longas distâncias (>80 km) pareceram influenciar negativamente o estado clínico da doença trofoblástica gestacional na apresentação, indicando barreiras no acesso a centros especializados.
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Gestational Trophoblastic Disease , Tertiary Care CentersABSTRACT
El género Corallus contiene serpientes esbeltas y arbóreas, que habitan en bosques tropicales y que presentan una amplia distribución; sin embargo, Corallus blombergi es una especie poco común en Colombia, con un número limitado de reportes. En este estudio se presenta el primer registro de C. blombergi para el departamento del Chocó, a partir de dos hembras, colectadas en zonas de bosque pluvial tropical, en los corregimientos de salero y Pacurita, convirtiéndose en la tercera y cuarta localidad donde se registra la presencia de esta especie. Los nuevos registros, amplían la distribución de la especie a 471,50 km, desde su último registro en Tumaco.
The corallus genus contains slender and arboreal snakes which inhabit tropical forests and have a wide distribution; however, Corallus blombergi is an uncommon specie in Colombia with a limited number of reports. This study presents the first record of C. blombergi for the department of Choco from two females, both collected in tropical rain forest areas, in the townships of Salero and Pacurita. becoming the third and fourth locality where the presence of this species is recorded. The new records extend the distribution of the species to 471.50 km since its last record in Tumaco.
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Abstract The first list of Aetalionidae and Membracidae species for western Acre is presented, including the Alto do Juruá regions of Serra do Divisor National Park and the Campus Floresta of the Federal University of Acre. In total, 94 species of treehoppers were collected, of which Centrotinae (Membracidae) is recorded for the first time for Brazil (Abelus maculatus Schimidt), another 16 species are new Brazilian records, and 69 species (Aetalionidae and Membracidae) are new records for Acre. Data on type locality, geographic distribution and images of all species are presented. The males of Lophyraspis fenestrata Sakakibara & Creão-Duarte and Erechtia sanguinolenta (Fairmaire) are known for the first time. The species diversity was compared to four other treehopper surveys in the Amazon region, with similarity indices of about 43.6% for Colombian Amazon (at least 650 km away), 27.6% for Panguana Biological Research Station, Peru (250 km), 20.2% for Adolpho Ducke Forest Reserve, Brazil (1,600 km) and 8.5% for Villa Carmen Biological Station/Los Amigos Biological Station, Peru (600/700 km). The estimated richness of Serra do Divisor National Park was just over 70%, suggesting that local diversity could be significantly higher than that presented in this study.
Resumo A primeira lista de espécies de Aetalionidae e Membracidae para o extremo oeste do Acre é apresentada, incluindo as regiões do Alto do Juruá do Parque Nacional da Serra do Divisor e o Campus Floresta da Universidade Federal do Acre. No total, foram coletadas 94 espécies de soldadinhos, das quais Centrotinae (Membracidae) é registrada pela primeira vez para o Brasil (Abelus maculatus Schimidt), 16 outras espécies de membracídeos são novos registros para o Brasil e 69 espécies (Aetalionidae e Membracidae) são novos registros para o Acre. Dados sobre localidade-tipo, distribuição geográfica e imagens de todas as espécies são apresentados. Os machos de Lophyraspis fenestrata Sakakibara & Creão-Duarte e Erechtia sanguinolenta (Fairmaire) são conhecidos pela primeira vez. A diversidade de espécies foi comparada a outros quatro levantamentos de soldadinhos na região amazônica, com índices de similaridade de cerca de 43,6% para a Amazônia colombiana (pelo menos 650 km de distância), 27,6% para a Estação de Pesquisa Biológica de Panguana, Peru (250 km), 20,2% para Adolpho Reserva Florestal Ducke, Brasil (1.600 km) e 8,5% para Estação Biológica Villa Carmen/Estação Biológica Los Amigos, Peru (600/700 km). A riqueza estimada do Parque Nacional da Serra do Divisor foi de pouco mais de 70%, sugerindo que a diversidade local pode ser significativamente maior do que a apresentada neste estudo.
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Abstract This article examines the relationship between local scientific ideas about the natural world and the economic potential to transform the modern nation-state in Peru during the late nineteenth century. Writings by the Peruvian scientist Luis Carranza indicate how support for a distinctive environmental imaginary of the country's geography made it possible to conceptualize nature as an essential component of Peruvian identity. As a result, local scientists had to "imaginatively" reshape the nature of the Andes for modernization purposes. The social and political ramifications of these ideas in Carranza's work were key to the foundation of scientific institutions such as the Geographical Society of Lima.
Resumen Este artículo examina la relación entre las ideas científicas locales sobre el mundo natural y el potencial económico para transformar el Estado-nación moderno en el Perú a fines del siglo XIX. Los escritos del científico peruano Luis Carranza señalan cómo el apoyo a un imaginario ambiental distintivo de la geografía del país permitió conceptualizar la naturaleza como componente esencial de la identidad peruana. Como resultado, los científicos locales tuvieron que remodelar "imaginativamente" la naturaleza de los Andes con fines de modernización. Las ramificaciones sociales y políticas de estas ideas en la obra de Carranza fueron clave para la fundación de instituciones científicas como la Sociedad Geográfica de Lima.
Subject(s)
Socioeconomic Factors , Andean Ecosystem , Conservation of Natural Resources , Peru , History, 19th CenturyABSTRACT
Resumo: Este estudo analisa a distribuição geográfica das respostas sociais dirigidas à população idosa em Portugal continental, e compara os padrões espaciais dos equipamentos dos sectores público, solidário e lucrativo. Os resultados mostram uma distribuição heterogénea e uma tendência para a concentração espacial das estruturas do sector privado em áreas mais urbanizadas. Conclui-se que a crescente liberalização do sector constitui um risco para a equidade territorial dos cuidados sociais.
Abstract: This study analyses the geographical distribution of social care for older adults in mainland Portugal, and compares the spatial patterns of public, non-profit and profit institutions. The results show a heterogeneous distribution and a tendency towards spatial concentration of private sector structures in more urbanised areas. We conclude that the increasing liberalisation of the sector constitutes a risk to the territorial equity of social care provision.
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Objective To analyze the distribution characteristics of emerging and reemerging Oncomelania hupensis snails after the criteria for transmission control of schistosomiasis were achieved in China, so as to provide insights into assessment of schistosomiasis transmission risk and formulation of snail control strategies during the elimination phase. Methods O. hupensis survey data in China from 2015 to 2021 were collected from the National Schistosomiasis Pevention and Control Information Management System, and the distribution characteristics of emerging and reemerging O. hupensis snails were descriptively analyzed. Results Emerging and reemerging O. hupensis snails were identified in China each year from 2015 to 2021, with relatively larger areas with emerging and reemerging O. hupensis snail habitats in 2016 and 2021, and relatively higher numbers of counties (districts) where emerging and reemerging O. hupensis snails were detected in 2016 and 2021. A total of 4 586.30 hm2 of emerging O. hupensis snail habitats were found in 10 schistosomiasis-endemic provinces of China (except Fujian and Yunnan Provinces) from 2015 to 2021, with 96.80% in Anhui, Hunan and Hubei provinces, where marshland and lake endemic foci were predominant. A total of 21 023.90 hm2 of reemerging O. hupensis snail habitats were found in 12 schistosomiasis-endemic provinces of China from 2015 to 2021, with 97.67% in six provinces of Hubei, Sichuan, Jiangxi, Jiangsu, Yunnan and Anhui, where marshland and lake and hilly endemic regions were predominant. Emerging snail habitats were found in 15.08% of all schistosomiasisendemic counties (districts) in China from 2015 to 2021, and 78.75% of all emerging snail habitats were identified in 11 schistosomiasis-endemic counties (districts), with the largest area of emerging snail habitats found in Lixian County, Hunan Province (645.00 hm2). Reemerging snail habitats were found in 47.67% of all schistosomiasis-endemic counties (districts) in China from 2015 to 2021, and 43.29% of all reemerging snail habitats were identified in 11 schistosomiasis-endemic counties (districts), with the largest area of reemerging snail habitats found in Weishan Li and Hui Autonomous County of Hunan Province (1 579.70 hm2). Conclusions Emerging and reemerging O. hupensis snails were identified in China each year from 2015 to 2021, with much larger areas of reemerging snail habitats than emerging snail habitats, and larger numbers of schistosomiasis-endemic provinces and counties (districts) with reemerging snails were found that those of provinces and counties (districts) with emerging snails. Specific snail control interventions are required tailored to the causes of emerging and reemerging snail habitats. Both emergence and reemergence of O. hupensis snails should be paid attention to in marshland and lake endemic areas, and Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Shanghai Municipality and Zhejiang Province where schistosomiasis had been eliminated, and reemergence of O. hupensis snails should be given a high priority in hilly areas. In addition, monitoring of O. hupensis snails should be reinforced in snail-free areas after flooding.
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As a global zoonotic disease, fascioliasis is a serious threat to human and animal health and animal husbandry development. The complexity of the classification and identification of Lymnaeidae, the intermediate host of Fasciola, notably the emergence of its sibling species, leads to misunderstanding of geographical distribution and transmission potential of Fasciola. This review introduces the classification of flukes of the family Fasciolidae, describes the geographical distribution of F. hepatica and F. gigantic, and discusses the co-evolution of Fasciola and Lymnaeidae host snails, and the effects of human activities and ruminant migration on global spread and transmission of Fasciola. In addition, we revisit the intermediate host snails of Fasciola in Africa based on the latest molecular biological evidence.
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The aim of this paper was recording the occurrence of the species Lumbriculus variegatus (Müller, 1774) (Oligochaeta, Lumbriculidae) in lotic systems of the State of São Paulo. Specimens were collected in Sapucaí River, located in Campos do Jordão State Park. The mapping of geographical distribution of this species is of interest to public health since L. variegatus may be an intermediate host of Dioctophyme renale (Goeze, 1782) (Nematoda, Dioctophymatidae), a parasite of recognized zoonotic potential. Distribution data serves as a basis for environmental monitoring and evaluation, being essential to map possible cases of the disease (Dioctophimosis) and provide information to health professionals.
O objetivo deste trabalho foi registrar a ocorrência de Lumbriculus variegatus (Müller, 1774) (Oligochaeta, Lumbriculidae) em um sistema lótico do Estado de São Paulo. Os espécimes foram coletados no rio Sapucaí, localizado no Parque Estadual de Campos do Jordão. O mapeamento da distribuição geográfica desta espécie é de interesse para saúde pública uma vez que L. variegatus pode ser um hospedeiro intermediário de Dioctophyme renale (Goeze, 1782) (Nematoda, Dioctophymatidae), parasito de reconhecido potencial zoonótico. Dados de distribuição servem de base para monitoramento e avaliação ambiental, sendo essenciais para mapear possíveis casos da doença (Dioctofimose) e fornecer informações para profissionais de saúde.
Subject(s)
Animals , Nematoda/parasitology , Oligochaeta/growth & development , Disease Reservoirs/parasitology , Zoonoses/prevention & controlABSTRACT
Abstract The aim of this paper was recording the occurrence of the species Lumbriculus variegatus (Müller, 1774) (Oligochaeta, Lumbriculidae) in lotic systems of the State of São Paulo. Specimens were collected in Sapucaí River, located in Campos do Jordão State Park. The mapping of geographical distribution of this species is of interest to public health since L. variegatus may be an intermediate host of Dioctophyme renale (Goeze, 1782) (Nematoda, Dioctophymatidae), a parasite of recognized zoonotic potential. Distribution data serves as a basis for environmental monitoring and evaluation, being essential to map possible cases of the disease (Dioctophimosis) and provide information to health professionals.
Resumo O objetivo deste trabalho foi registrar a ocorrência de Lumbriculus variegatus (Müller, 1774) (Oligochaeta, Lumbriculidae) em um sistema lótico do Estado de São Paulo. Os espécimes foram coletados no rio Sapucaí, localizado no Parque Estadual de Campos do Jordão. O mapeamento da distribuição geográfica desta espécie é de interesse para saúde pública uma vez que L. variegatus pode ser um hospedeiro intermediário de Dioctophyme renale (Goeze, 1782) (Nematoda, Dioctophymatidae), parasito de reconhecido potencial zoonótico. Dados de distribuição servem de base para monitoramento e avaliação ambiental, sendo essenciais para mapear possíveis casos da doença (Dioctofimose) e fornecer informações para profissionais de saúde.
ABSTRACT
Abstract The aim of this paper was recording the occurrence of the species Lumbriculus variegatus (Müller, 1774) (Oligochaeta, Lumbriculidae) in lotic systems of the State of São Paulo. Specimens were collected in Sapucaí River, located in Campos do Jordão State Park. The mapping of geographical distribution of this species is of interest to public health since L. variegatus may be an intermediate host of Dioctophyme renale (Goeze, 1782) (Nematoda, Dioctophymatidae), a parasite of recognized zoonotic potential. Distribution data serves as a basis for environmental monitoring and evaluation, being essential to map possible cases of the disease (Dioctophimosis) and provide information to health professionals.
Resumo O objetivo deste trabalho foi registrar a ocorrência de Lumbriculus variegatus (Müller, 1774) (Oligochaeta, Lumbriculidae) em um sistema lótico do Estado de São Paulo. Os espécimes foram coletados no rio Sapucaí, localizado no Parque Estadual de Campos do Jordão. O mapeamento da distribuição geográfica desta espécie é de interesse para saúde pública uma vez que L. variegatus pode ser um hospedeiro intermediário de Dioctophyme renale (Goeze, 1782) (Nematoda, Dioctophymatidae), parasito de reconhecido potencial zoonótico. Dados de distribuição servem de base para monitoramento e avaliação ambiental, sendo essenciais para mapear possíveis casos da doença (Dioctofimose) e fornecer informações para profissionais de saúde.
Subject(s)
Animals , Oligochaeta , Nematoda , Brazil , Environmental Monitoring , RiversABSTRACT
In this study, visual-near infrared(VNIR), short-wave infrared(SWIR), and VNIR + SWIR fusion hyperspectral data of Polygonatum cyrtonema from different geographical origins were collected and preprocessed by first derivative(FD), second derivative(SD), Savitzky-Golay smoothing(S-G), standard normalized variate(SNV), multiplicative scatter correction(MSC), FD+S-G, and SD+S-G. Three algorithms, namely random forest(RF), linear support vector classification(LinearSVC), and partial least squares discriminant analysis(PLS-DA), were used to establish the identification models of P. cyrtonema origin from three spatial scales, i.e., province, county, and township, respectively. Successive projection algorithm(SPA) and competitive adaptive reweighted sampling(CARS) were used to screen the characteristic bands, and the P. cyrtonema origin identification models were established according to the selected characteristic bands. The results showed that(1)after FD preprocessing of VNIR+SWIR fusion hyperspectral data, the accuracy of recognition models established using LinearSVC was the highest, reaching 99.97% and 99.82% in the province origin identification model, 100.00% and 99.46% in the county origin identification model, and 99.62% and 98.39% in the township origin identification model. The accuracy of province, county, and township origin identification models reached more than 98.00%.(2)Among the 26 characteristic bands selected by CARS, after FD pretreatment, the accuracy of origin identification models of different spatial scales was the highest using LinearSVC, reaching 98.59% and 97.05% in the province origin identification model, 97.79% and 94.75% in the county origin identification model, and 90.13% and 87.95% in the township origin identification model. The accuracy of identification models of different spatial scales established by 26 characteristic bands reached more than 87.00%. The results show that hyperspectral imaging technology can realize accurate identification of P. cyrtonema origin from different spatial scales.
Subject(s)
Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared , Polygonatum , Algorithms , Random Forest , Least-Squares AnalysisABSTRACT
Inner Mongolia autonomous region of China and Mongolia are the primary regions where Chinese and Mongolian medicine and its medicinal plant resources are distributed. In this study, 133 families, 586 genera, and 1 497 species of medicinal plants in Inner Mongolia as well as 62 families, 261 genera, and 467 species of medicinal plants in Mongolia were collected through field investigation, specimen collection and identification, and literature research. And the species, geographic distribution, and influencing factors of the above medicinal plants were analyzed. The results revealed that there were more plant species utilized for medicinal reasons in Inner Mongolia than in Mongolia. Hotspots emerged in Hulunbuir, Chifeng, and Tongliao of Inner Mongolia, while there were several hotspots in Eastern province, Sukhbaatar province, Gobi Altai province, Bayankhongor province, Middle Gobi province, Kobdo province, South Gobi province, and Central province of Mongolia. The interplay of elevation and climate made a non-significant overall contribution to the diversity of plant types in Inner Mongolia and Mongolia. The contribution of each factor increased significantly when the vegetation types of Inner Mongolia and Mongolia were broadly divided into forest, grassland and desert. Thus, the distribution of medicinal plant resources and vegetation cover were jointly influenced by a variety of natural factors such as topography, climate and interactions between species, and these factors contributed to and constrained each other. This study provided reference for sustainable development and rational exploitation of medicinal plant resources in future.
Subject(s)
Humans , Plants, Medicinal , Mongolia , Climate , Medicine, Mongolian Traditional , ChinaABSTRACT
RESUMEN El mosquito Aedes aegypti es una especie antropoflica que se ha adaptado a entornos urbanos y es el principal vector de enfermedades como el dengue, la fiebre de Zika, la enfermedad del Chikungunya y la fiebre amarilla, lo que representa una importante carga al sistema de salud, en especial en países tropicales donde es endèmico. Ejercer apropiadamente la vigilancia en salud pública es fundamental para la prevención de estas enfermedades mediante sistemas de información. El propósito de este trabajo es proporcionar una plataforma de tecnologias de la información (TI), integrando tecnologias abiertas Web GIS y mHealth para la vigilancia entomológica del vector a partir de colaboración abierta distribuida para la generación de mapas de infestación. Se realizó un piloto con un grupo focal de 23 estudiantes del curso de epidemiologia, que permitió registrar l20 elementos en 55 reportes en la Universidad de los Llanos para la generación automática de 21 mapas de calor de sintomas, zancudos y criaderos, y un mapa global de infestación. Este trabajo sugiere una perspectiva novedosa de interacción y participación colaborativa de la comunidad con las autoridades de salud soportado por las TI.
ABSTRACT The Aedes aegypti mosquito is an anthropophilic species that has adapted to urban environments and it is the main vector of diseases such as dengue, Zika fever; Chikungunya disease and yellow fever; which represents a significant burden on the health system, especially in tropical countries where it is endemic. Properly exercising public health surveillance is essential for the prevention of these diseases through information systems. The purpose of this work is to provide an information technology (IT) platform, integrating open technologies Web GIS and mHealth for the entomological surveillance ofthe vector; based on crowdsourcing for the generation of infestation maps. A pilot was carried out with a focus group of 23 students from the epidemiology course, which allowed the registration of l20 elements in 55 reports at the Universidad de los Llanos for the automatic generation of 2l heatmaps of symptoms, mosquitoes and breeding sites, and a global infestation map. This work suggests a novel perspective of interaction and collaborative participation of the community with health authorities supported by IT
RESUMO O mosquito Aedes aegypti è uma espècie antropofílica que se adaptou aos ambientes urbanos e è o principal vetor de doenças como dengue, febre Zika, doença Chikungunya e febre amarela, o que representa uma carga significativa para o sistema de saúde, especialmente em países tropicais onde é endêmica. O exercício adequado da vigilância em saúde pública è essencial para a prevenção dessas doenças por meio de sistemas de informação. O objetivo deste trabalho è fornecer uma plataforma de tecnologia da informação (TI), integrando tecnologias abertas Web GIS e mHealth para a vigilância entomológica do vetor com base em uma colaboração aberta distribuída para a geração de mapas de infestação. Um piloto foi realizado com um grupo focal de 23 estudantes do curso de epidemiologia, que permitiu o registro de l20 elementos em 55 relatórios na Universidad de los Llanos para a geração automática de 2l mapas de calor de sintomas, mosquitos e criadouros, e um mapa de infestação global. Este trabalho sugere uma nova perspectiva de interação e participação colaborativa da comunidade com autoridades de saúde apoiadas por TI.
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Background: Dengue fever and dengue haemorrhagic fever currently rank highly among the newly emerging infectious diseases and are the most important arboviral disease worldwide. Dengue virus can be distinguished by both serological and molecular methods. This study was aimed at analysing the prevalence and laboratory dynamics of the four dengue serotypes in tertiary care patients attending GMERS Medical College Gandhinagar. Material & methods: This study was an observational retrospective study. A total 105 samples were tested for Dengue serotyping by RT-PCR. Results: Among positive patients Dengue virus serotype-2 was the most common serotype 94 (89%) followed by DENV3 7(6%) and DENV4 2(2%). Co-infection with DENV 2/4 was 2(2%). A higher prevalence of dengue haemorrhagic fever was noted in serotype 2 compared to serotypes 3, 4, and coinfection. Thrombocytopenia was present in all serotypes of infection. There was a significant difference in the disturbance of liver function in DENV2, as compared to others serotype. Dengue serotype 2 was very common in rural areas, while dengue serotype 3 was seen in the urban Gandhinagar zone. Discussion: Dengue is the most extensively spread mosquito-borne disease. As per previous studies most common prevalent and severity of serotype wasDENV2, however in our study we were able to identify DENV3, DENV4 and confection with serotypes (DENV2 & DENV4).
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Background and objectives: we investigated the existence of a historical geographic overlap between the location of spotted fever group rickettsiosis human cases, a disease caused by the gram-negative bacterium Rickettsia sp., and that of mammalian reservoirs, specifically domestic horses and capybaras, in the urban perimeter of the city of Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Methods: cases of human rickettsiosis that occurred during a period of 17 years (2003-2020) were geolocated and the distribution of cases in time and geographic space was assessed using 1st and 2nd order geospatial association indicators. We also analyzed the overlap between the locations of human rickettsiosis cases and the area of occurrence of domestic horses and capybaras. Results: men were diagnosed more often than women, but a large proportion of affected women died. The results indicate an aggregation of human rickettsiosis cases in time (cases tend to occur close to each other at each epidemic event) and in geographic space (cases are concentrated in a specific geographic region of the urban perimeter). Human cases seem to be more associated with city regions with: i) higher local frequency of domestic horses and not capybaras; ii) lower rates of family development. Conclusion: it is suggested that, in the local epidemiological scenario, domestic horses appear to be the main sources of the rickettsia infecting humans, not capybaras.(AU)
Justificativa e objetivos: foi investigada a existência de uma sobreposição geográfica histórica entre a localização dos casos de riquetsiose humana do grupo da febre maculosa, um grupo de doenças causadas pela bactéria Gram-negativa Rickettsia sp., e dos reservatórios mamíferos, especificamente cavalos domésticos e capivaras, no perímetro urbano do município de Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brasil. Métodos: foram geolocalizados os casos de riquetsiose humana ocorridos durante um período de 17 anos (2003-2020), sendo avaliada a distribuição dos casos no tempo e espaço geográfico através de indicadores de associação geoespacial de 1a e 2a ordem. Também analisamos a superposição dos locais dos casos de riquetsiose humana com a área de ocorrência de cavalos domésticos e capivaras. Resultados: homens foram diagnosticados mais frequentemente que as mulheres, mas grande proporção das mulheres acometidas faleceu. Os resultados indicam uma agregação dos casos de riquetsiose humana no tempo (os casos tendem a ocorrer próximos entre si a cada evento epidêmico) e no espaço geográfico (os casos se concentram em uma região geográfica específica do perímetro urbano). Os casos humanos aparentam ser mais associados às regiões da cidade com: i) maior frequência local de cavalos domésticos e não das capivaras; ii) menores índices de desenvolvimento familiar. Conclusão: sugere-se que, no cenário epidemiológico local, são os cavalos domésticos que aparentam ser as principais fontes da riquétsia infectando os humanos, não as capivaras.(AU)
Justificación y objetivos: investigamos la existencia de una superposición geográfica histórica entre la localización de casos de rickettsiosis exantemáticas humana, enfermedad causada por la bacteria gramnegativa Rickettsia sp., y la de mamíferos reservorios, específicamente caballos domésticos y capibaras, en el perímetro urbano de la ciudad de Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brasil. Métodos: se geolocalizaron los casos de rickettsiosis humana ocurridos durante un período de 17 años (2003-2020), y se evaluó la distribución de casos en el tiempo y espacio geográfico utilizando indicadores de asociación geoespacial de 1er y 2do orden. También analizamos la superposición entre las ubicaciones de los casos de rickettsiosis humana y el área de ocurrencia de los caballos domésticos y capibaras. Resultados: los hombres fueron diagnosticados con más frecuencia que las mujeres, pero una gran proporción de mujeres afectadas fallecieron. Los resultados indican una agregación de casos de rickettsiosis humana en el tiempo (los casos tienden a ocurrir cerca uno del otro en cada evento epidémico) y en el espacio geográfico (los casos se concentran en una región geográfica específica del perímetro urbano). Los casos humanos parecen estar más asociados con regiones urbanas con: i) mayor frecuencia local de caballos domésticos y no de capibaras; ii) menores tasas de desarrollo familiar. Conclusión: se sugiere que, en el escenario epidemiológico local, los caballos domésticos parecen ser las principales fuentes de la rickettsia que infecta a los humanos, no los capibaras.(AU)
Subject(s)
Rickettsia Infections , Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever , Spotted Fever Group Rickettsiosis , Geographical Localization of RiskABSTRACT
The research investigated factors affecting migration, distant registration and their expected effects on leprosy service in Bangladesh. This qualitative study was conducted from April 2018 to September 2019. 130 leprosy-affected people (LAP) were selected for in-depth interview (IDI) and 23 professionals for Key informant's interview. A Semi-structured interview guide was used for data collection. Different factors were identified by key informants (KIs) and IDI participants (IDIPs) both for migration and for distant registration. Main factors for migration of LAP, mentioned by both groups, were fear of social exclusion. Lack of treatment facilities under the treatment category, job transfer under financial category and marriage under the personal category are the other main influencing factors for migration. Reasons for leprosy cases registering in distant places are similar to reasons for migration: lack of expert professionals under treatment category, relatives' influence under the personal category and job transfer under the financial category. It is concluded that migration and distant registration should be considered in studying the geographical distribution of leprosy. Interpretations proposed by key informants may not reflect the actual field situation. The opinions of those directly affected by leprosy should be sought and heeded in designing and evaluating leprosy programmes.
ABSTRACT
Calotropis gigantea is a perennial herb known for its applications in traditional medicine. It has been efficiently used in Ayurveda, Unani, and Siddha medicinal systems for years. All the plant parts have been used as medicine owing to its analgesic, anthelmintic, astringent, anti-inflammatory, wound healing, sedative, anti-asthmatic, antimicrobial, antioxidant, procoagulant, hepatoprotective, hypoglycemic, and pregnancy interceptive properties. For instance, the leaves, latex, flowers, stem bark, root of the plant are used as expectorant, depilatory, in leprosy scabies of the scalp, eruptions on the body, piles, asthma, liver and spleen enlargement, and painful joint swellings. Moreover, the plant is beneficial for the treatment of various diseases including tumors, ulcers, and piles thereby providing great opportunity to be used in pharmaceutical industry for modern drug synthesis. Phytochemical constituents of the plant responsible for its pharmacological activities include alkaloids, triterpenoids, flavonoids, saponins, steroids, alcohol, fatty acids, esters of calotropeols, glycosides and proteases. Besides, there is a strong correlation between the chemical structures and therapeutic activity of C. gigantea. Therefore, present review tries to give a brief description of its phytochemical composition, ethnobotanical characteristics, and pharmacological activity.
ABSTRACT
Investigar grupos de pesquisa (GPs) possibilita visualizar como está o desenvolvimento científico de uma área do conhecimento. Este estudo objetivou descrever a trajetória dos GPs da educação física no Brasil, caracterizando sua distribuição geográfica e vinculação nas linhas de pesquisa Escola, Saúde e Esporte. Foi realizada busca parametrizada no painel Lattes do Diretório de GPs. Desde 1993 houve crescimento no número de GP. Houve maior concentração nas regiões sudeste (n=250), sul (n=181) e nos estados de São Paulo (n=126) e Paraná (n=72). Alocou-se maior número de GPs na temática Esporte (n=247), seguido da Escola (n=122) e Saúde (n=113). Incentiva-se a nucleação de GPs nas regiões com menor número, de modo a promover o desenvolvimento científico em todo o país.
To investigate research groups (RG) enable to visualize how is going the scientific development of a knowledge area. The aim of this study was to analyze the trajectory of physical education RG in Brazil, and characterize its geography distribution, and its distribution by research line (school, health and sports). A parameterized search at the DGOB Lattes was made. Since 1993 increase the number of RG. Higher concentration were found in southeast (n=250), South (n=181) and in São Paulo (n=126) and Paraná (72) state. Higher number of RG were found in Sport (n=247), follow by school (n=122) and health (n=113). Incentive is needed to increase the RG number in regions with lower numbers with the aim to develop the science in all country.
Investigar grupos de investigación (GI) permite visualizar el desarrollo científico de un área de conocimiento. O el propósito de la investigación fue analizar la trayectoria de los GI de educación física en Brasil, caracterizando su distribución geográfica y lo vínculo con las líneas de investigación Escuela, Salud y Deporte. Se realizó una búsqueda paramétrica en el DGPB Lattes. Desde 1993, aumentado el número de GI. Mayor número en las regiones Sureste (n=250) y Sur (n=181) en los estados de São Paulo (n=126) y Paraná (72). Mayor número en los temas deporte (n=247), Escuela (n=122) y Salud (n=113). Se fomenta el aumento de GP en las regiones con menor número para promover el desarrollo científico en todo el país.
ABSTRACT
Investigar grupos de pesquisa (GPs) possibilita visualizar como está o desenvolvimento científico de uma área do conhecimento. Este estudo objetivou descrever a trajetória dos GPs da educação física no Brasil, caracterizando sua distribuição geográfica e vinculação nas linhas de pesquisa Escola, Saúde e Esporte. Foi realizada busca parametrizada no painel Lattes do Diretório de GPs. Desde 1993 houve crescimento no número de GP. Houve maior concentração nas regiões sudeste (n=250), sul (n=181) e nos estados de São Paulo (n=126) e Paraná (n=72). Alocou-se maior número de GPs na temática Esporte (n=247), seguido da Escola (n=122) e Saúde (n=113). Incentiva-se a nucleação de GPs nas regiões com menor número, de modo a promover o desenvolvimento científico em todo o país (AU).
o investigate research groups (RG) enable to visualize how is going the scientific development of a knowledge area. The aim of this study was to analyze the trajectory of physical education RG in Brazil, and characterize its geography distribution, and its distribution by research line (school, health and sports). A parameterized search at the DGOB Lattes was made. Since 1993 increase the number of RG. Higher concentration were found in southeast (n=250), South (n=181) and in São Paulo (n=126) and Paraná (72) state. Higher number of RG were found in Sport (n=247), follow by school (n=122) and health (n=113). Incentive is needed to increase the RG number in regions with lower numbers with the aim to develop the science in all country (AU).
Investigar grupos de investigación (GI) permite visualizar el desarrollo científico de un área de conocimiento. O el propósito de la investigación fue analizar la trayectoria de los GI de educación física en Brasil, caracterizando su distribución geográfica y lo vínculo con las líneas de investigación Escuela, Salud y Deporte. Se realizó una búsqueda paramétrica en el DGPB Lattes. Desde 1993, aumentado el número de GI. Mayor número en las regiones Sureste (n=250) y Sur (n=181) en los estados de São Paulo (n=126) y Paraná (72). Mayor número en los temas deporte (n=247), Escuela (n=122) y Salud (n=113). Se fomenta el aumento de GP en las regiones con menor número para promover el desarrollo científico en todo el país (AU).
Subject(s)
Humans , Physical Education and Training , Schools , Sports , Brazil , Health , Research Groups , KnowledgeABSTRACT
Trypanosoma cruzi, the agent of Chagas disease (ChD), exhibits remarkable biological and genetic diversity, along with eco-epidemiological complexity. In order to facilitate communication among researchers aiming at the characterisation of biological and epidemiological aspects of T. cruzi, parasite isolates and strains were partitioned into seven discrete typing units (DTUs), TcI-TcVI and TcBat, identifiable by reproducible genotyping protocols. Here we present the potential origin of the genetic diversity of T. cruzi and summarise knowledge about eco-epidemiological associations of DTUs with mammalian reservoirs and vectors. Circumstantial evidence of a connection between T. cruzi genotype and ChD manifestations is also discussed emphasising the role of the host's immune response in clinical ChD progression. We describe genomic aspects of DTUs focusing on polymorphisms in multigene families encoding surface antigens that play essential functions for parasite survival both in the insect vector and the mammalian host. Such antigens most probably contributed to the parasite success in establishing infections in different hosts and exploring several niches. Gaps in the current knowledge and challenges for future research are pointed out.