ABSTRACT
La correcta aplicación de las técnicas del proceso de muestreo se ha hecho indispensable para la investigación en el campo de la epidemiologia, el desafío de todo investigador, es que los resultados de unos cuantos, puedan ser extrapolables para una población. El presente artículo, es una revisión no sistemática, que proporciona información sobre la aplicación de un método de muestreo aleatorio asociado con una ubicación geográfica, para el estudio de "Valores de Referencia de la Fuerza de Agarre en adultos del departamento de Cochabamba-Bolivia". Primeramente, en la introducción se revisa la importancia de estimación de parámetros poblaciones de referencia, a partir de preguntas descriptivas. Seguidamente se menciona las características de la investigación epidemiológica asociada a la espacialidad; en tercer lugar, se detalla la metodología y las experiencias que conllevo la aplicación del muestreo en el proyecto. Finalmente se hace un hincapié en la necesidad y relevancia del uso de esta metodología.
The correct application of the sampling process techniques has become indispensable for research in the field of epidemiology, the challenge of every researcher, is that the results of a few can be extrapolated to a population. This article is a non-systematic review, which provides information on the application of a random sampling method associated with a geographical location, for the study of "Reference Values of Grip Force in adults of the department of Cochabamba-Bolivia". First, the introduction reviews the importance of estimating reference population parameters, based on descriptive questions. Next, the characteristics of the epidemiological research associated with spatiality are mentioned, in third place, the methodology and the experiences that the application of sampling in the project entails. Finally, an emphasis is placed on the need and relevance of the use of this methodology.
Subject(s)
Contact TracingABSTRACT
The content of tyrosol,salidroside,echinacoside,rutin,acteoside,ligustroflavone,specnuezhenide,and quercetin were determined by HPLC,and the color of Ligustri Lucidi Fructus was determined by comparison with color card.Hundred-seed weight was analyzed by using gravimetric method.The correlation analysis and One-way ANOVA were used to analyze the relationship between the characters,the chemical composition,the harvest time and the geographical location of Ligustri Lucidi Fructus,for giving a comprehensive evaluation of the quality of Ligustri Lucidi Fructus The results showed that 92% of Ligustri Lucidi Fructus were all up to quality standard of Chinese Pharmacopoeia,and the contents of 7 components in Ligustri Lucidi Fructus(except quercetin) were higher than those in samples with black colors.The content of salidroside in Ligustri Lucidi Fructus harvested in June was the highest and the other7 components of Ligustri Lucidi Fructus were relatively high in 8-10 months.According to the quality parameters of Ligustri Lucidi Fructus,the Ligustri Lucidi Fructus from six habitats can not be distinguished effectively.The results showed that there was a certain relationship between the color,harvest season and component content of Ligustri Lucidi Fructus,and the habitats were not related to the quality parameters of Ligustri Lucidi Fructus.The study aimsat providing data support for the resource status of native Ligustri Lucidi Fructus,and a theoretical basis for the revision of standards of Ligustri Lucidi Fructusin the future.
Subject(s)
Drugs, Chinese Herbal , Reference Standards , Fruit , Chemistry , Ligustrum , ChemistryABSTRACT
SUMMARY: Aging affects living organisms and produces a continuous degenerative change in most physiological functions, specifically in body composition. The aim of the present study is to compare the differences of body composition and physiologic characteristics according to physical activity levels and population of different geographical locations between active elderly participants (AP) of a Pilates-Aerobic interventional program and inactive elderly participants (IP). A total of 341 elderly women over 60 years (IP=69.92 ± 7.07; AP=68.85 ± 5.38) participated in this study, all of them from the Málaga province (Spain). The physical activity influenced to resting heart rate of participants (IP=78.2 bpm, AP=75.6; p<.05). Waist circumference and fat mass in IP that live in towns of <2.000 of population was the lowest (p<.05). In addition, in AP, weight, waist circumference and fat mass was the lowest too in towns of <2.000 of population (p<.05). The interaction of physical activity and population factors influenced resting HR, Diastolic Blood Pressure and fat mass (p<.01; p<0.5 and p<.05, respectively). In conclusion, elderly people have different physiological and body composition characteristics by a level of physical activity and the population in which they live. Active female participants who live in small areas and a number of inhabitants is limited, show the best physiological state to cope with aging.
RESUMEN: Los efectos del envejecimiento afectan a los organismos vivos y producen continuos efectos degenerativos en la mayoría de las funciones fisiológicas, especialmente en la composición corporal. El principal objetivo del presente estudio es comparar las diferencias de la composición corporal y características fisiológicas, en función de los niveles de actividad física y la población de diferentes ubicaciones geográficas entre participantes mayoras activas de un programa de intervención Pilates-Aerobic y participantes mayores inactivas. Un total de 341 mujeres mayores de 60 años (inactivas=69.92±7.07; activas=68.85±5.38) participaron en este estudio, todas ellas de la provincia de Málaga (España). La actividad física influenció en la frecuencia cardiaca de las participantes (inactivas=78.2 pulsaciones por minuto, ppm, activas=75.6ppm; p<,05). El perímetro de cintura y masa grasa en participantes inactivas que vivían en ciudades <2.000 habitantes fue menor (p<,05). Además, en participantes activas, el peso, perímetro de cintura y masa grasa fue también la menor en ciudades <2.000 habitantes (p<,05). La interacción de actividad física y factores poblacionales influyeron en la frecuencia cardiaca, presión diastólica y masa grasa (p<,01; p<0,5 and p<,05, respectivamente). En conclusión, las personas mayores tienen diferencias fisiológicas y de composición corporal que vienen caracterizadas por el nivel de actividad física y la población en la que viven. Las participantes activas que viven en pequeñas áreas y en un número limitado de habitantes, muestran el mejor estado fisiológico para seguir adelante con el envejecimiento.
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Middle Aged , Aged , Aging/physiology , Body Composition , Exercise , Life Style , Analysis of Variance , Body Mass Index , Cross-Sectional Studies , Geography , Heart Rate/physiology , Waist CircumferenceABSTRACT
Gastrodia elatais graded as top medication in theShen Nong’s Herbal Classic. It was mainly distributed in southwest China. Its quality varied with geographical location. And the quality difference between wild and cultivated sample was extreme. Identifications using traditional methods were unable to accurately distinguish the quality ofG. elata. Therefore, near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy combined with pattern recognition method was used to distinguish the quality ofG. elata from different geographical locations as well as cultivated or wild. The results demonstrated that using NIR spectroscopy combined with multiclass classification algorithm, the geographical location ofG. elata can be accurately distinguished. The prediction accuracy can reach as high as 94.3% and 96.4% for both applications. Besides, the classification model was built without preprocessing; hence, it can be extended to be applied on-site.
ABSTRACT
Twelve 924 bp cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox1) mitochondrial DNA sequences from Taenia asiatica isolates from Thailand were aligned and compared with multiple sequence isolates from Thailand and 6 other countries from the GenBank database. The genetic divergence of T. asiatica was also compared with Taenia saginata database sequences from 6 different countries in Asia, including Thailand, and 3 countries from other continents. The results showed that there were minor genetic variations within T. asiatica species, while high intraspecies variation was found in T. saginata. There were only 2 haplotypes and 1 polymorphic site found in T. asiatica, but 8 haplotypes and 9 polymorphic sites in T. saginata. Haplotype diversity was very low, 0.067, in T. asiatica and high, 0.700, in T. saginata. The very low genetic diversity suggested that T. asiatica may be at a risk due to the loss of potential adaptive alleles, resulting in reduced viability and decreased responses to environmental changes, which may endanger the species.