ABSTRACT
Background: Undergraduate medical education comprises strenuous study and training for five and half years. Mental health of medical students remains affected throughout this period. Objective: To assess the test anxiety in the undergraduate medical students and to find out the relationship between the test anxiety and academic performance in the students. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in a Rural BPS Government Medical College for Women, Khanpur Kalan, Sonepat. The study population included all the undergraduate medical students enrolled from 2012 to 2016. Data pertaining to various socio-demographic characteristics were obtained by interview technique using a pre-designed, pre-tested questionnaire ensuring privacy and confidentiality and reviewing academic records. Nist and Diehl test anxiety questionnaire was used to determine the anxiety score of students. Statistical analyses were carried out with R v 3.5.1. Results: A total of 240 students participated in the study. More than one quarter (26.3%) of the students did not suffer from test anxiety, 62.9% students exhibited healthy test anxiety and 10.8% of the students experienced unhealthy test anxiety. In relation to academic performance of the respondents, 4 (12.5%), 47 (24.9%) and 12 (63.2%) of respondents who performed fair, good and excellent respectively had no anxiety level as against those who had healthy anxiety and unhealthy anxiety level and these differences were statistically significant. Conclusions: Text anxiety is significantly associated with academic performance. These findings suggest the need of healthcare provision to prevent unhealthy test anxiety among medical students, as it decreases the academic performance.
ABSTRACT
SUMMARY: The aim of this study was to identify the values of corpus callosum sections and ventricles in Dementia and healthy geriatric subjects using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and to establish both gender differences and differences between groups. The MRI results of 163 geriatric subjects (81 healthy individuals; 82 Dementia subjects) aged 60-89 years were studied. The midsagittal and axial images were used for measurements of the corpus callosum and lateral ventricle, respectively on MRI. The mean values of the widths of genu, body, splenium, height of the corpus callosum, longitudinal dimension of the corpus callosum and brain were 8.74±1.53 mm, 5.37±0.75 mm, 9.37±1.33 mm, 25.42±2.89 mm, 70.99±3.86 mm, 148.87±6.67 mm and 8.51±1.93 mm, 5.37±0.84 mm, 9.74±1.17 mm and 25.67±2.88 mm, 72.41±4.99 mm, 153.66±8.00 mm in females and males of healthy geriatric age, respectively. The same measurements were found to be 6.90±1.66 mm, 4.33±0.76 mm, 7.94±1.38 mm, 24.42±3.11 mm, 69.01±4.52 mm, 149.18±7.13 mm and 7.55±1.98 mm, 4.56±1.02 mm, 8.60±1.58 mm, 23.96±3.51 mm, 73.42±3.81 mm, 155.38±8.39 mm in females and males with Dementia, respectively. Additionally, the means of the frontal horn width and Evans index measurements were lower in healthy geriatric subjects, whereas the transverse inner diameter of the skull were higher in healthy geriatric subjects than dementia subjects in both sexes. The observations presented in this report have defined anatomic parameters of healthy and dementia geriatric subjects that need to be taken into consideration for reference data to determine sex discrepancies, and be helpful for radiologists and clinicians.
RESUMEN: El objetivo del estudio fue identificar los valores de las secciones del cuerpo calloso y los ventrículos en una población turca de sujetos geriátricos sanos y con demencia, mediante resonancia magnética (RM) y establecer diferencias tanto de sexo como diferencias entre los grupos. Se estudiaron los resultados de 163 sujetos geriátricos (81 sujetos sanos, 82 sujetos con demencia) de 60-89 años. Las imágenes sagitales y axiales se utilizaron para las realizar las mediciones del cuerpo calloso y del ventrículo lateral en RM, respectivamente. Los valores medios de los anchos de rodilla, cuerpo, rodete, altura del cuerpo calloso, dimensión longitudinal del cuerpo calloso y del cerebro fueron de 8,74 ± 1,53 mm, 5,37 ± 0,75 mm, 9,37 ± 1,33 mm, 25,42 ± 2,89 mm, 70,99 ± 3,86 mm, 148,87 ± 6,67 mm y 8,51 ± 1,93 mm, 5,37 ± 0,84 mm, 9,74 ± 1,17 mm y 25,67 ± 2,88 mm, 72,41 ± 4,99 mm, 153,66 ± 8,00 mm en mujeres y hombres sanos, respectivamente. Las mismas medidas fueron de 6,90 ± 1,66 mm, 4,33 ± 0,76 mm, 7,94 ± 1,38 mm, 24,42 ± 3,11 mm, 69,01 ± 4,52 mm, 149,18 ± 7,13 mm y 7,55 ± 1,98 mm, 4,56 ± 1,02 mm, 8,60 ± 1,58 mm, 23,96 ± 3,51 mm, 73,42 ± 3,81 mm, 155,38 ± 8,39 mm en mujeres y hombres con demencia, respectivamente. Además, las medias de la anchura del asta frontal y las mediciones del índice de Evans fueron menores en sujetos geriátricos saludables, mientras que el diámetro interno transversal del cráneo fue mayor en sujetos geriátricos sanos que en los sujetos con demencia en ambos sexos. Las observaciones presentadas en este informe han definido los parámetros anatómicos de los sujetos sanos y con demencia que deben tenerse en cuenta para identificar los datos de referencia para determinar las discrepancias de sexo y que puedan ser útiles para los radiólogos y los médicos.