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Ageing and a sedentary lifestyle are associated with declines in muscle function and cardiopulmonary fitness in older adults and may eventually lead to reduced capabilities to conduct daily activities and independent living.Exercise plays an important role in maintaining physical function and mental health, preventing and treating chronic diseases, reducing mortality, and improving the quality of life in older people.In 2021, the International Conference of Frailty and Sarcopenia Research(ICFSR)proposed international expert consensus guidelines on exercise recommendations for older people.It mainly introduces two aging phenotypes and six recommended exercise modalities and discusses the effects of exercise on maintaining physical health and preventing common chronic diseases and geriatric syndromes.It aims to provide suggestions for older adults to maintain physical fitness and prevent disease progression and disability via exercise.We intend to interpret the important contents of the guidelines to provide a reference for exercise research and practical applications in the elderly in China.
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Aging is a natural phenomenon that is irrevocable. The older adult population is increasing rapidly in India, projected to increase from 6% to nearly 20% in 2050. Clinical conditions found among the elderly that do not fit into discrete disease categories and result from accumulated impairments in multiple systems are called geriatric syndromes. The authors have done a literature search of research papers from indexed and nonindexed journals e databases, Google Scholar, PubMed, and Scopus, Science Direct, Research Gate, and Cochrane. The search terms included were geriatric population, geriatric syndrome, geriatric care, elderly health problem, and comprehensive approach. The management of geriatric syndromes is a challenge to modern geriatric clinical practice. The comprehensive assessment of older adults using standardized tools must be carried out in any healthcare facility to ensure that their needs are met through care and treatment. Evidence-based standards of practice need to be implemented to provide nursing care for dealing with the therapeutic challenges of various geriatric syndromes.
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Resumen: Objetivo: Generar un diagnóstico actualizado de las condiciones de salud, síndromes geriátricos y estado nutricional de los adultos mayores mexicanos. Material y métodos: Estudio descriptivo con una muestra de 9 047 adultos mayores de 60 años o más con representatividad nacional. Se analizaron indicadores relacionados con las condiciones de salud, síndromes geriátricos y el estado nutricional. Se reportan las principales prevalencias así como pruebas de diferencias de proporciones y medias. Resultados: Los adultos mayores con mayor edad, mujeres y residentes de áreas rurales mostraron las mayores prevalencias de padecimientos crónicos, síndromes geriátricos y mala nutrición. Conclusiones: Los resultados de este estudio ofrecen un panorama actualizado de las condiciones de salud, síndromes geriátricos y estado nutricional de los adultos mayores mexicanos, y muestran las principales necesidades de salud que este grupo etario enfrenta, las cuales a su vez representan un reto para el sistema de salud en México.
Abstract: Objective: To generate an updated diagnosis of the health conditions, geriatric syndromes, and nutritional status of older Mexican adults. Materials and methods: Descriptive study with a sample of 9 047 older adults aged 60 years and over with national representativeness. We analyzed indicators related to health conditions, geriatric syndromes, and nutritional status, obtaining prevalence as well as tests of differences in proportions and means. Results: Oldest older adults, women, and residents of rural areas showed the highest prevalence of chronic conditions, geriatric syndromes, and poor nutrition. Conclusions: The results of this study offer an updated insight of the health conditions, geriatric syndromes, and nutritional status of older Mexican adults, and show the main health needs that this age group faces, which in turn represent a challenge for the health system in Mexico.
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Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Aging , Geriatric Assessment , Nutritional Status , Rural Population , Health Status , Chronic Disease/epidemiology , Prevalence , Cross-Sectional Studies , Mexico/epidemiologyABSTRACT
Objective To investigate and analyze the chronic diseases and geriatric syndromes in elderly inpatients.Methods A total of 227 elderly patients undergoing the comprehensive geriatric assessment admitted into geriatric ward of our hospital from June to December in 2018 were retrospectively analyzed in this case-control study.The patients were divided into two groups aged 80-90 years(n=137)and 65-79 years(n=90).The prevalence of chronic diseases and distribution of geriatric syndromes were compared between the two groups.Results Among 227 patients,the top five chronic diseases were primary hypertension (155 cases,68.3 ％),cerebrovascular diseases (108 cases,47.8％),coronary heart disease(103 cases,45.4 ％),osteoarthrosis (9 cases,39.2 ％) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (79 cases,34.8％).The prevalence of chronic diseases and geriatric syndromes showed an increased tendency along with ageing in elderly patients.The incidence rate of malnutrition,nutritional risk,cognitive disorders,poor vision,hearing loss,fecal and urinary incontinence and constipation were higher in the group aged 80-90 years than in the group aged 65-79 years (P＜0.05).The decreases of activities of daily life and instrumental activities of daily life,and fragile were more severe in the group aged 80-90 years than in the group aged 65-79 years(P＞0.05).No significant difference was found between the two groups in the incidences of multidrug use,mood disorder,sleep disorder,chronic pain and falls.The prevalence of chronic diseases was positively correlated with the prevalence of geriatric syndromes(r =0.339,P ＜0.01).Conclusions Along with ageing in elderly inpatients,the number of chronic diseases is increased,geriatric syndromes are more obvious,and the function significantly declines in elderly inpatients.Elderly patients should receive the comprehensive geriatric assessment,in order to timely identify and intervene these geriatric problems.
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Objective To understand the incidence of common geriatric syndromes in hospitalized patients,and analyze the relationship between different kinds of geriatric syndromes.Methods A crosssectional study was conducted by five well-trained investigators-300 patients were chosen from geriatric department and medical department within 3 top three hospitals in Chengdu.Results 300 copies of questionnaires were distributed in total,and 300 questionnaires were returned (response rate 100％).Among those,277 questionnaires were considered valid (valid response rate 92.3％).Among those elderly which were above 65 years old,having risk of falling accounted for 91.3％,feeling pain accounted for 79.1％,chronic constipation accounted for 59.2％,having risk of malnutrition accounted for 49.1％,malnutrition accounted for 28.2％,having risk of pressure ulcers accounted for 32.5％,incontinence accounted for 25.3％,and dysphagia accounted for 17％.The correlation among these syndromes was signifcant.Conclusions The overall incidence of geriatric syndromes in hospitalized patients is higher than that in the community.These syndromes are correlated with each other.One can be a risk factor of other geriatric syndromes and also could affect each other.
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Objetivos: determinar la prevalencia de síndromes geriátricos en ancianos de 80 años o mayores en el ABC Medical Center IAP y compararla con la encontrada 5 años antes. Relacionar ambas con la reportada en la literatura geriátrica. Pacientes y métodos: estudio retrospectivo, descriptivo, transversal de personas adultas mayores de 80 años y que ingresaron al ABC Medical Center IAP durante el periodo de marzo 2009 a julio 2010, a quienes se les realizó una valoración geriátrica completa. Resultados: se incluyó a 369 pacientes, con edad media de 84.49 ± 4.4 años, de ellos 216 eran mujeres (58.5%). La valoración permitía identificar 23 síndromes geriátricos, el más frecuente fue el de polifarmacia, con prevalencia del 56.91%, y el menos frecuente fue abuso-maltrato, con 0%. Comparativamente con lo encontrado hace 5 años, se encontró que la mayoría de los síndromes disminuyeron; sin embargo, caídas, inmovilidad, trastornos de la marcha, deterioro cognitivo, desnutrición, obesidad, déficit visual, auditivo, colapso del cuidador y abuso/maltrato tuvieron una prevalencia similar. La depresión y el déficit auditivo mantuvieron rangos similares a los reportados en la literatura médica. Conclusiones: la prevalencia de los síndromes geriátricos en nuestra población está determinada por el nivel socioeconómico y por la edad (viejos-viejos). El conocimiento de los principales síndromes geriátricos reportados permite implementar acciones específicas que disminuyan su presentación, por medio de programas de educación e información dirigidos tanto a médicos y personal paramédico, como a familiares y los propios pacientes.
Objective: To determine the prevalence of geriatric syndromes in elderly patients over 80 years of age in the ABC Medical Center IAP, a Private Institution, and compare it with that found five years earlier, and compare both with the one reported in the literature. Patients and methods: A retrospective, descriptive, cross-sectional study of adults over 80 years of age admitted to the ABC Medical Center IAP from March 2009 to July 2010, who underwent a comprehensive geriatric assessment. Results: 369 patients were included, mean age 84.49 ± 4.4, 216 were women (58.5%). The assessment allowed the identification of 23 geriatric syndromes; the most frequent was polypharmacy with a prevalence of 56.91% and the less frequent was abuse with a prevalence of 0%. Most syndromes decreased, compared to 5 years ago. However, the prevalence of some geriatric syndromes like falls, immobility, gait disturbance, cognitive impairment, malnutrition, obesity, poor vision, hearing, caregiver collapse, and abuse/ ill-treatment were similar to those reported five years ago. Depression and hearing loss maintained similar levels as those reported in medical literature. Conclusions: The prevalence of geriatric syndromes in our population is determined by the socioeconomic level and by age itself (old-old). Knowledge of the main geriatric syndromes allows the implementation of specific actions to reduce their occurrence, through educational and informative programs addressed to health professionals, families and the very patient.
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Background: Geriatric syndromes are a series of clinical conditions in the elderly that do not fit into distinct categories. They affect the quality of life of a patient and are associated with disability. Objectives: This study determined the prevalence of geriatric syndromes in an Internal Medicine Outpatient setting. It compared the prevalence of each geriatric syndrome when using a comprehensive geriatric assessment versus the routine medical assessment. Methods: One hundred twenty elderly patients of the Internal Medicine Outpatient Clinic of Srinagarind Hospital Medical School were randomly reviewed between January 2008 and May 2010. Information on baseline characteristics and the presence of a geriatric syndrome was collected. Data for 50 patients assessed using a comprehensive geriatric assessment were reviewed prospectively and data for 70 patients assessed by a routine medical assessment were reviewed retrospectively. The prevalence for each syndrome was compared between two groups. Descriptive statistics and Chi-square test were used to analyze these outcomes. Results: The mean age and sex were not different between the two groups. Comparing the comprehensive geriatric assessment and routine medical assessment groups, there were, respectively, a prevalence of 30% vs. 1% for falls, 16% vs. 19% for dementia, 24% vs. 9% for urinary incontinence, 50% vs. 17% for functional dependency, and 22% vs. 14% for depression. Each syndrome was more prevalent with increasing age and in females. Falls (RR 2.79; 95% CI, 2.07-3.75), functional dependency (RR 2.24; 95% CI, 1.51-3.33) and urinary incontinence (RR 1.79; 95% CI, 1.18-2.70) had significantly higher prevalence in the comprehensive geriatric assessment group compared with the routine medical assessment group. Conclusions: Geriatric syndromes were highly prevalent in the elderly outpatient population. Under-recognition of these syndromes with routine medical assessments is common. Therefore, routine screening of these conditions by the comprehensive geriatric assessment is recommended.