Gingival Crevicular Blood in the Diagnosis of Blood Glucose Level

Introduction: The etiopathogenesis of diabetes mellitus ismulti-factorial & complex and appears to involve interactionsof various immunological, genetic and environmental factors1.The Diabetes mellitus is associated with increased bloodglucose level. It represent one of the major chronic healthproblem faced by the society today2. The aim of this study isto evaluate a quick, safe, noninvasive and painless method toscreen for diabetes during regular clinical examination usingself-monitoring glucometer.Material and Methods: 35 cases who were reported toPrimary health centre, sahdei buzurg for hematologicalexamination were selected for the study. Probing of gingivalsulcus was done using William’s WHO probe. Blood oozingfrom the sulcus was collected on the strip provided by theglucometer and blood glucose level was recorded. For control,finger prick capillary blood was collected and blood glucoselevel was analyzed. Statistical analysis was done usingPearson’s Correlation Coefficient.Result: The result revealed strong correlation betweengingival crevicular blood and peripheral capillary measuredblood glucose level.Conclusion: Gingival crevicular blood collected duringclinical examination may be an excellent painless source ofblood for glucometric analysis.

Role of Periodontist in Screening Diabetes- A Correlation of Clinical and Biochemical Parameters

The increased prevalence and severity of periodontitis seen in patients with diabetes, especially those with poor metabolic control, has led to the designation of periodontal disease as the “sixth complication of diabetes” and successful periodontal therapy in diabetic patients entails the stabilization of blood glucose to a normal range. Hence, present study evaluates whether the noninvasive method of testing gingival blood glucose, is a reliable tool for screening diabetes in chronic periodontitis patients. Methods: The study sample comprised of 75 patients with probing pocket depth of > 4mm and clinical attachment loss of >3mm. Under aseptic measures and proper isolation, after gently probing the gingival sulcus the blood was drawn onto the glucometer strip and the readings were recorded. At the same visit blood was also collected from the index finger onto the glucometer strip. The statistical methods applied were Student's t-test (unpaired) to compare mean values between the two groups and Pearson's correlation for Means and Standard Deviation of the different parameters were calculated. Results: There is a positive correlation between GCBG and CFBG with all the clinical parameters. Fasting blood glucose level is negatively associated with age, plaque index and clinical attachment level (r=0.083, r=0.22 and p=0.042, respectively) whereas Post prandial blood glucose level is negatively associated with age, plaque index and probing pocket depth (r=0.117, r=0.099 and r=0.06, respectively). CFBG is slightly positively correlated with age, plaque index and clinical attachment whereas GCBG is strongly associated with probing pocket depth. Conclusion: The gingival crevicular blood glucose levels also found a positive correlation with the fasting blood glucose levels and post prandial blood glucose levels, suggesting the use of gingival crevicular blood as a screening marker for diabetes. Also a correlation was found between the gingival crevicular blood glucose levels and the clinical parameters suggesting that the treatment of periodontal disease can be considered as an important factor, which can help in improvement of the blood glucose levels in periodontitis subjects.

Clinical evaluation of non-thyroidal neck swellings

Introduction: This study was carried out to study the findings of fine needle aspiration cytology in non-thyroidal neck masses, to study histopathological findings and to determine the frequency of cervical node involvement in malignancy. Materials and methods: This case series was conducted in the Thanjavur Medical College Hospital, Thanjavur on in-patients as well as patients attending the out-patient’s department during the period from November 2017 to October 2018. All histology proven benign, malignant, congenital and inflammatory non-thyroidal neck swelling were included in the study. A thorough clinical examination was carried out and physical findings were recorded in details. The FNAC and histological findings were noted. A Performa was prepared to asses no-thyroidal neck swellings. Results: A total of 100 participants were included in the study Neck swellings especially with tuberculous adenitis and secondaries were more common among the lower socio-economic status. Tuberculous adenitis was the commonest non-thyroidal swellings found in the neck followed by secondary metastatic lymph nodes. Conclusion: FNAC is a simple non-invasive and easy to perform diagnostic method and biopsy is to be avoided until full investigation of the mass is completed.