Investigación narrativa con niños y niñas: una reflexión teórico-metodológica

(analítico) Se presenta una reflexión teórico-metodológica derivada de una investigación sobre experiencias de participación y subjetividades en niños y niñas, ubicados en contextos institucionales y comunitarios de tres países de la región. En oposición a los enfoques que asumen a estas personas como sujetos receptores per se, la metodología de este estudio adoptó la investigación narrativa, dada su potencialidad para que los participantes logren narrarse, conocerse y transformarse. De esta manera, en la primera parte, se propone un acercamiento ontológico, epistémico y metodológico a la investigación narrativa con niños y niñas. Luego, basados en el trabajo de campo del estudio, se abordan técnicas de investigación que favorecen la interacción horizontal para la generación de conocimiento con estas personas, desde lo dialógico y lo estético. Al final, se presentan las conclusiones.

(analytical) The article presents a theoretical-methodological reflection derived from research on experiences of participation and subjectivities in boys and girls, located in institutional and community contexts in three countries of the region. In opposition to the approaches that assume these people as receiving subjects per se, methodology of this study adopted narrative research, given its potential for the participants to narrate themselves, to know themselves and to transform themselves. Thus, in the first part, an ontological, epistemic and methodological approach to narrative research with children is proposed. Then, based on the field work of the study, research techniques that favor horizontal interaction for the generation of knowledge with these people are addressed, through the dialogic and the aesthetic. Finally, the conclusions are presented.

(analítico) O artigo apresenta uma reflexão teórico-metodológica derivada de pesquisas sobre experiências de participação e subjetividades em meninos e meninas, localizadas em contextos institucionais e comunitários em três países da região. Em oposição às abordagens que assumem essas pessoas como sujeitos receptores per se, a metodologia deste estudo adotou a pesquisa narrativa, dada a sua potencialidade de os participantes narrarem, conhecerem e se transformarem. Assim, na primeira parte, propõe-se uma abordagem ontológica, epistêmica e metodológica da pesquisa narrativa com crianças. Em seguida, com base no trabalho de campo do estudo, são abordadas técnicas de pesquisa que favorecem a interação horizontal para a geração de conhecimento com essas pessoas, a partir da dialógica e da estética. Ao final, são apresentadas as conclusões.

Neuroblastoma intracraneal en una niña / Intracranial neuroblastoma in a girl I: en

Se describe el caso clínico de una niña de 13 meses de edad, quien fue asistida en el Servicio de Neurocirugía del Hospital Infantil Sur Dr. Antonio María Béguez César de Santiago de Cuba, y posteriormente en el Servicio de Oncología de la institución, remitida del área de salud por presentar proptosis, exoftalmos del ojo derecho y aumento del perímetro craneal. Luego de realizados el examen clínico y los estudios complementarios pertinentes, incluidos resonancia magnética simple y contrastada de cráneo, estudio histopatológico, así como aspiración y biopsia bilateral de médula ósea, se confirmó que se trataba de un neuroblastoma parameníngeo con infiltración medular (estadio IV), sin evidencia de tumor primario. La evolución luego de la quimioterapia fue satisfactoria.

The case report of a 13 months girl is described who was assisted in the Neurosurgery Service of Antonio María Béguez Cesar Southern Children Hospital in Santiago de Cuba, and later on in the Oncology Service of the institution, referred from the health area due to proptosis, exophthalmos of the right eye and increase of the cranial perimeter. After the clinical exam and the pertinent complementary studies, including simple and contrasted magnetic resonance of skull, histopatologic study, as well as aspiration and bilateral biopsy of bone marrow, the presence of a parameningeal neuroblastoma with medullary infiltration (stage IV), without evidence of primary tumor was confirmed. The evolution after the chemotherapeutic treatment was satisfactory.

Acupuncture combined with auricular point sticking for girls aged 3-8 years with incomplete precocious puberty: a randomized controlled trial / 中国针灸

OBJECTIVE@#To observe the efficacy and safety of acupuncture combined with auricular point sticking for girls aged 3-8 years with incomplete precocious puberty (IPP).@*METHODS@#Sixty girls with IPP were randomly divided into an observation group (30 cases, 2 cases dropped off) and a control group (30 cases, 2 cases were eliminated). The girls in the control group were treated with healthy diet and proper exercise for 12 weeks. On the basis of the treatment in the control group, the girls in the observation group were treated with acupuncture combined with auricular point sticking. The acupuncture was applied at Sanyinjiao (SP 6), Guanyuan (CV 4), Guilai (ST 29), etc., the needles were retained for 20 min, acupuncture was given twice a week (once every 3 days). The auricular point sticking was applied at Luanchao (TF2), Neishengzhiqi (TF2), Neifenmi (CO18), Yuanzhong (AT2,3,4i), etc., twice a week. The treatment was given for 12 weeks. Before treatment, after treatment and in follow-up after 12 weeks of treatment completion, the Tanner stage of breast, serum contents of sex hormone (luteinizing hormone [LH], follicle-stimulating hormone [FSH], estradiol [E2]) were observed. The ovarian volume, the number of follicles with diameter>4 mm, and the uterine volume were measured by abdominal color Doppler ultrasound. In addition, the safety of the observation group was evaluated.@*RESULTS@#Compared with before treatment, the Tanner stage of breast in the observation group was improved after treatment and in follow-up (P<0.05); after treatment and in follow-up, the Tanner stage of breast in the observation group was better than that in the control group (P<0.05). Compared with before treatment, the serum levels of LH and E2 in the observation group were increased (P<0.05), and the volume of bilateral ovaries was larger (P<0.05) in follow-up. Compared with before treatment, the serum contents of LH, FSH and E2 in the control group were increased (P<0.05), the volume of bilateral ovaries was larger (P<0.05), and the number of follicles was increased (P<0.05) after treatment and in follow-up. The serum levels of LH, FSH and E2 in the observation group were lower than those in the control group (P<0.05), the volume of bilateral ovaries was smaller than that in the control group (P<0.05), and the number of follicles was lower than that in the control group (P<0.05). Compared with before treatment, the uterine volume in the two groups was larger in follow-up (P<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups after treatment and in follow-up (P>0.05). During the treatment, 3 cases in the observation group had slight abdominal pain and subcutaneous blood stasis, without serious adverse reactions.@*CONCLUSION@#Acupuncture combined with auricular point sticking could improve the Tanner stage of breast, reduce the level of sex hormone, slow down the development and maturation of ovary and follicle, and control the degree and speed of sexual development in girls aged 3-8 years with IPP.

Value of basal luteinizing hormone level combined with uterine volume measurement in the early diagnosis of central precocious puberty in girls with different Tanner stages / 中国当代儿科杂志

OBJECTIVES@#To study the value of basal luteinizing hormone (LH) level combined with uterine volume measurement in the early diagnosis of central precocious puberty (CPP) in girls with different Tanner stages.@*METHODS@#A retrospective analysis was performed on the girls who presented with breast development before the age of 8 years and attended the Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from January 2017 to September 2022. According to the results of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist test, the girls with peak LH ≥5.0 IU/L and peak LH/follicle stimulating hormone ≥0.6 were enrolled as the positive group, and the other girls were enrolled as the negative group. The two groups were compared in terms of the basal LH level and uterine volume. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to analyze their value in the early diagnosis of CPP.@*RESULTS@#For the girls with Tanner B2 and B3 stages, the positive group had significantly higher basal LH level and uterine volume than the negative group (P<0.05). The basal LH level had an optimal cut-off value of 0.325 IU/L and 0.505 IU/L respectively in the diagnosis of Tanner stage B2/B3 CPP, while uterine volume had an optimal cut-off value of 1.639 mL and 2.158 mL respectively. Basal LH level combined with uterine volume measurement had a significantly larger area under the ROC curve than uterine volume measurement alone (P<0.001), but with no significant difference compared with that of basal LH level measurement alone (P>0.05).@*CONCLUSIONS@#Basal LH level combined with uterine volume measurement is valuable in the early diagnosis of CPP in girls with different Tanner stages, which provides a basis and guiding significance for clinical diagnosis of CPP.

Association between early-life factors and pubertal timing in girls / 中国当代儿科杂志

OBJECTIVES@#To study the association between early-life factors (including birth weight, method of birth, gestational age, and history of gestational metabolic disorders) and pubertal timing in girls.@*METHODS@#The stratified cluster sampling method was used to select the girls in grades 2-3 and 7-8 from three primary schools and three middle schools in Guangzhou, China from March to December, 2019, and breast development was examined for all girls. A questionnaire survey was performed to collect the information on early-life factors. The multivariate logistic regression model was used to evaluate the association of gestational metabolic disorders, birth weight, method of birth, and gestational age with pubertal timing in girls. The Bootstrap method was used to assess the mediation effect of body mass index (BMI) (Z score) between high birth weight (≥4 000 g) and pubertal timing.@*RESULTS@#A total of 1 665 girls were enrolled, among whom 280 (16.82%) were judged to have early pubertal timing. The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that high birth weight was associated with the increased risk of early pubertal timing (OR=2.12, 95%CI: 1.19-3.66, P=0.008). Nevertheless, no significant association was observed between other early-life factors and pubertal timing (P>0.05). The OR for the mediation effect of BMI (Z score) between high birth weight and early pubertal timing was 1.25 (95%CI: 1.09-1.47), accounting for 29.33% of the total effect of high birth weight on early pubertal timing.@*CONCLUSIONS@#High birth weight is associated with the increased risk of early pubertal timing in girls, and overweight/obesity may play a partial mediating role in the association between high birth weight and early pubertal timing in girls.

Tumor de células de la granulosa de tipo juvenil en ovario izquierdo / Juvenile granulosa - cells tumor in the left ovary

RESUMEN Se presentó el caso de una adolescente de 14 años, en el servicio de Cirugía Pediátrica del Hospital Pediátrico Docente "Pedro Agustín Pérez" de Guantánamo, que refirió aumento de volumen de todo el abdomen y dolor abdominal difuso. Al examinarla se constató una tumoración visible y palpable en hemiabdomen inferior. Los estudios complementarios imagenológicos mostraron una masa ecogénica, heterogénea que ocupaba hipogastrio, más lateralizada hacia la izquierda. Tras discusión colectiva multidisciplinaria se le realizó oforectomía izquierda y los estudios anatomopatológicos confirmaron la presencia de tumor de células de la granulosa de tipo juvenil en ovario izquierdo. Técnicas quirúrgicas que permitan preservar la capacidad reproductiva a niñas con neoplasias malignas, resultan usadas ahora con frecuencia y garantizan una mayor calidad de vida.

ABSTRACT A 14-year-old girl presented to the pediatric surgery department at the Pediatric Teaching Hospital "Pedro Agustín Pérez" in Guantanamo. She reported a difuse abdominal pain and distention. The examination revealed a visible and palpable tumor in the lower hemiabdomen. Complementary imaging studies showed an ecogenic and heterogeneous mass situated in the left hypogastrium. After a multidisciplinary team meeting, an ophthalmectomy was performed, and anatomopathological studies confirmed the presence of juvenile granulosa cells tumor on the left ovary. Surgical techniques that allow girls with malignant neoplasms to preserve their reproductive capacity are now frequently used and they guarantee higher life quality.

Prevalence of anemia among school going adolescent girls in rural area of Pune, Maharashtra, India

Background: Anemia is like the tip of an iceberg, as majority of anemic subjects are asymptomatic. Low iron diet for longer period perpetuates an inter-generational cycle of anemia, anemic women giving birth to anemic children. This situation is more acute in rural area due to their dietary habits, illiterate parents, socio-economic status, misconception about food, religions belief, menstruation and physical activity.Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in rural field practice area of Rural Heath Training Centre (RHTC) under department of community medicine, Bharati Vidyapeeth Medical college Pune, Maharashtra, India. There are 11 villages under RHTC Lavale: Out of them one village viz. Pirangut village was randomly selected. (by using random sampling method). This study was conducted in 2013. Total 740 senior secondary school girls studying in class 6th to 12th (10-19 age group) were included. Hb level was measured by Sahli′s hemoglobinometer. Chi square was used to test for association between qualitative variables, and p-value less than 0.05 was considered significant.Results: The Hb level of girls reveal that majority 648 (87.6%) of them were anemic. It was found that 305 (47.06%) and 340 (52.48%) were suffering from mild and moderate anemia while 3 (0.46%) had severe anemia. The significant association was found with BMI for age.Conclusions: Active measures to decrease the prevalence of anemia through educating these girls and their mothers, school diet supplementation, providing low cost diet.

Incorporar meninas nas aulas de esporte: pensando possíveis articulaçôes entre os estudos de gênero e a pedagogia do esporte / Bringing girls to the sport classes: seeking for articulations between gender studies and sport pedagogy / Incorporar niñas en las clases de deporte: pensando posibles articulaciones entre los estudios de género y la pedagogía del deporte

Neste ensaio, tratamos das possíveis articulações entre a pe- dagogia do esporte e os estudos de gênero. Para tanto, refletimos sobre como os dispositivos de gênero e sexualidade regulam práticas, discursos e corpos no esporte, produzindo uma gramática esportiva hegemônica e suas possíveis problematizações. Apoiadas nas discussões emergen- tes sobre pedagogia do esporte, refletimos também sobre as condições pedagógicas que podem contribuir para oportunizar a aprendizagem do esporte para os corpos não normativos no campo esportivo. E, por fim, apresentamos apontamentos em direção a gramáticas esportivas mais plurais a fim de estender as reflexões de gênero ao currículo esportivo, ampliando o diálogo acadêmico e refletindo sobre maneiras de tornar o esporte mais acessível.

In this, we sought for possible articulations between sport pedagogy and gender studies. In order to do so, we reflect on how the devices of gender and sexuality regulate practices, discourses and bodies in sport, producing a hegemonic sport language and its possible problematizations. Based on the emerging discussions on sports pedagogy, we reflect on the pedagogical conditions that contribute to the process of learning sports for non-normative bodies in the sports field. And finally, we point out some line guides to more pluralistic sports language, in order to extend our reflections on gender in sports curriculum, increasing academic dialogue and reflecting on ways to make sport more accessible fo everyone.

En esto, ensayamos las posibles articulaciones entre la pedagogía del deporte y los estudios de genero. Para ello, reflexionamos sobre cómo los dispositivos de género y sexualidad regulan prácticas, discursos y cuerpos en el deporte, produciendo una gramática deportiva hegemonica y su posible problematización. Apoyado en las discusiones emergentes sobre pedagogía del deporte reflexionamos sobre las condiciones pedagógicas que pueden contribuir a oportunizar el aprendizaje del deporte para los cuerpos no normativos en el campo deportivo. Y por fin, ensayamos apuntes hacia gramáticas deportivas más plurales, a fin de extender las reflexiones de género al currículo deportivo, ampliando el diálogo académico y reflexionando sobre maneras de hacer el deporte más accesible.

Drug rash with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms syndrome, a uncommon but fatal illness, paediatricians should be aware of: a case of 13 year old female child

Drug rash with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS) syndrome is a fatal illness manifested by fever, morbilliform rash, multi systemic involvement and eosinophilic leucocytosis with about 10% mortality. Authors report DRESS syndrome in an adolescent girl due to anti-depressant and anti-psychotic which improved dramatically after withdrawal of offending drugs and starting of steroids

A study of menstrual hygiene among rural adolescent school girls in rural field practice area of a medical college, Davangere- a cross sectional study

Background: Adolescence in girls signifies the transition from girlhood to womanhood; one fifth of world population is between 10 and 19 years old. Menstruation is a phenomenon unique to the females. Menstruation is a monthly occurrence that requires access to appropriate materials and facilities, without which, females suffer from poor menstrual hygiene which restricts their movement and self-confidence. Increased knowledge about menstruation right from childhood may escalate safe practices and may help in mitigating the suffering of millions of women.Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted among 200 adolescent girls in a rural field practice area of S. S. Institute of Medical Sciences. Data on socio-economic variables and menstrual characteristics were collected using pre-tested questionnaires for a period of two months from September to October 2018.Results: Total of 200 girls was interviewed. 87.6% of the girls were aware about menstruation prior to the attainment of menarche. Mothers were the first informants in about 56.5% girls. Overall 51.5% adolescent girls were using sanitary napkins as menstrual absorbent, while 45.6% were using used cloths. 97.6% girls practiced different restrictions during menstruation. Some of the sociodemographic factors like religion, type of family and mother’s education, SES were significantly associated with menstrual hygienic practices.Conclusions: There is a need to educate the girls about menstruation, its importance and hygiene maintenance; to enable them to lead a healthy reproductive life in future.

Patterns and problems of menstruation among the adolescent school girls of Delhi: a cross-sectional study

Background: Adolescence is the period of rapid physical growth, psychological and social changes. This period is marked by the onset of menarche in the girls. Menstruation is a natural biological process experienced by all adolescent girls and women in reproductive age. The menstrual cycle is characterized by variability in volume, pattern and regularity. Conversely, variability in menstrual cycle characteristics and menstrual disorders are common among adolescent girls. The objectives of the study were to determine patterns of menstruation, prevalence of menstrual disorders and hygienic practices during menstruation in the adolescent school girls.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 210 adolescent school girls of Delhi.Results: The mean age at menarche in the study subjects was 13.47±0.87 years. Average menstrual interval was days. Dysmenorrhea was reported by 76.1% of the girls, body ache was experienced by 64 (30.4%). Majority of girls 174 (82.8%) used sanitary pads as absorbent during cycle.Conclusions: Menstrual problems are frequent among adolescent girls. Dysmenorrhoea was the commonest problem among the adolescents. Adolescent girls withstand their pain and think it as a normal phenomenon. Educating students about menstrual health by health professionals and teachers can help in reducing their psychological and physical stress.

Study of sociodemographic factors and their relationship with the morbidity among adolescent girls of Pune slum area

Background: Socio-demographic factors such as age, gender, socioeconomic status, and education can influence health and nutritional outcomes, especially in adolescent girls. Aims and objectives of research work was to study of sociodemographic factors and their relationship with the morbidity among adolescent girls residing in slum areas of Pune region.Methods: A cross-sectional study of the urban slum population from October 2011 to September 2012. Adolescent girls of the age group 10-19 years who gave consent and are living in a slum area for more than 6 months were enrolled. Information on health status including morbidity was collected by health examination.Results: Majority of the adolescent girls (54.02%) had to age between 14-16 years. Majority of the adolescent girls (96.4%) were studying and were underweight (41.07%; of which majority 59.78% were in the age group 14-16years). Out of the 41.07% underweight girls, the majority (84.78%) had anaemia (p<0.05). A total 26.34% study subjects were stunted and 12.95% were thin (for both, commonly reported in the age group of 14-16 years). Majority of the girls (48.2%) belonged to class III SES. In class III socioeconomic status group mild, moderate and severe anaemia was reported in 50.45%, 41.51%, and 36.36% cases, respectively.Conclusions: Among the studied sociodemographic factors lower socioeconomic status and overcrowding had an impact on the morbidities. However, we noted a significant impact of morbidity in underweight girls.

Comparative study of GnRHa stimulation test and GnRH stimulation test / 国际儿科学杂志

Objective To compare the results of GnRHa stimulation test and GnRH stimulation test in girls with Idiopathic central precocious puberty.Methods The girls aged 6-10 who were diagnosed with early breast development (＜ 8 years old) from January 2016 to June 2018 were randomly divided into GnRHa stimulation test group and GnRH stimulation test group according to clinical manifestations,auxiliary examinations and follow-up.The difference in the results of the stimulation test between the two groups was compared.Results A total of 108 girls were enrolled in this study,and 40 (37％) of the GnRHa stimulation tests were performed.Among them,25 (63％) patients with idiopathic central precocious puberty had the confirmed diagnosis,and the GnRH stimulation test was performed.Of the 68 (63％) patients,30 (44％) had idiopathic central precocious puberty.The peaks of LH in the GnRHa challenge test group and the GnRH challenge test groupwere 11.33 (6.81,15.79) and 7.89 (5.35,14.21),and the FSH peaks were 15.68 (10.18,20.06) and 17.26 (13.34,21.42),showing no significant differences (U =1078.50,P =0.07;U =1617.50,P=0.10).Thepeak values of LH/FSH were0.86 (0.37,1.17)and0.52 (0.31,0.83),respectively,and there was a statistical difference (U =953.00,P =0.01).GnRH challenge test showed the ICPP sensitivity of 90.91％ (81.10％-100.72％),specificity of 94.29％ (86.60％-101.98％),total coincidence rate of 92.65％ (86.44 ％-98.85％),Yoden index of 0.85 (0.72％-0.98％).Sensitivity of the GnRHa challenge test showed the ICPP diagnosis rate of 95.24％ (86.13％-104.35％),specificity of 73.68％ (53.88％-93.48％),total coincidence rate of 85.00％ (73.93％-96.07％),Yoden index of 0.69 (0.47-0.91).Conclusion For the diagnosis of idiopathic central precocious puberty in girls,the GnRHa challenge test is more sensitive than the GnRH challenge test,and the specificity and the Yoden index are both low.Therefore,routine use of GnRHa stimulation test as the replacement of GnRH stimulation test is not recommended.

Between dying and existing: from the failure of self eroticism inscription to the problems of the passage from girl to woman in anorexia / Entre morrer e existir: da falha na inscrição do autoerotismo aos impasses da passagem de menina a mulher na anorexia

O presente artigo tem como objetivo compreender a manifestação da anorexia em mulheres. Partiremos da investigação da relação entre a falha na inscrição do autoerotismo e a manifestação da anorexia. Seguiremos para a averiguação de qual é a especificidade do funcionamento psíquico feminino que, para além dos componentes sociais associados às exigências estéticas, contribui para a manifestação dessa problemática no campo do feminino e quais são os impasses da passagem de menina a mulher que ela revela. Finalmente, visaremos compreender o que faz com que as anoréxicas cheguem a ponto de se darem a morrer.

The present article aims to comprehend the manifestation of anorexia in women. We will depart from the investigation of the connection between the failure of self eroticism inscription and the manifestation of anorexia. Then, we will verify the specificity of female psychic functioning that, beyond social esthetics demanding, contributes to the manifestation of anorexia in women and the problems from the passage from girl to woman that it reveals. Finally, we will intend to understand what makes the anorexics get to the point of giving themselves to death.

Menina Mulher Negra: construção de identidade e o conflito diante de uma sociedade que não a representa / Black Young Woman: Construction of identity and conflict before a society that does not represent her / Niña Mujer Negra: Construcción de identidad y el conflicto ante una sociedad que no la representa

O presente artigo tem como propósito fazer a leitura e a reflexão acerca da construção de identidade étnico-racial da menina mulher negra no contexto escolar, marcado pelo período da adolescência. Para alcançar esse objetivo, foi realizado o estudo da narrativa do filme intitulado "Jennifer", problematizando as questões raciais e os desdobramentos vividos pela protagonista, com abordagem psicodramática e estudos voltados para a construção de identidade afrocentrada. O objetivo é trazer à superfície os papéis sociais, cristalizados aos quais estão submetidas as meninas mulheres negras em uma sociedade não representativa e que não valoriza positivamente a expressão de sua ancestralidade.

This article aims to read and reflect on the construction of ethnic-racial identity of the black woman girl in the school context, characterized by the adolescence. In order to reach this objective, the study of the narrative of the film entitled "Jennifer" was made, problematizing the racial issues and the unfolding lived by the protagonist, with psychodramatic approach and studies focused on the construction of afro-centered identity. The goal is to bring to the surface the crystallized social roles to which black women girls are subjected in a non-representative society that does not support the free expression of their ancestry.

El presente artículo tiene como propósito hacer la lectura y la reflexión acerca de la construcción de identidad étnico-racial de la niña mujer negra en el contexto de la escuela, donde hay una marca por el periodo de la adolescencia. Para el logro de esta meta, se realizó el estudio de la narrativa de la película titulada "Jennifer", donde hay la problematización de las cuestiones raciales y de la secuencia vivida por la protagonista, con enfoque psicodramático y estudios dirigidos a la construcción de la identidad afrocentrada. El objetivo es traer a la superficie los papeles sociales cristalizados a los que están sometidas niñas mujeres negras en una sociedad no representativa y que no valoriza positivamente la expresión de su ancestralidad.

Prevalence of Pathological Brain Lesions in Girls with Central Precocious Puberty: Possible Overestimation?

BACKGROUND: Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is routinely performed to identify brain lesions in girls with central precocious puberty (CPP). We aimed to investigate the prevalence and type of brain lesions among Korean girls with CPP and evaluate the need for routine brain MRI examinations. METHODS: This retrospective cross-sectional study evaluated data on 3,528 girls diagnosed with CPP from April 2003 to December 2016, and identified 317 girls who underwent sellar MRI. Exclusion criteria were patients with a known brain tumor or who did not undergo brain MRI due to refusal or the decision of the pediatric endocrinologist. RESULTS: Normal sellar MRI findings were observed in 291 of the 317 girls (91.8%). Incidental findings were observed in 26 girls (8.2%). None of the patients had pathological brain lesions. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of intracranial lesions among girls who were generally healthy and without neurological symptoms but diagnosed with CPP was lower than that previously reported. Furthermore, none of the identified lesions required treatment. It may be prudent to reconsider the routine use of brain MRI to screen all patients with CPP, especially if they are healthy and neurologically asymptomatic, and are girls aged 6–8 years.

Predictive Value of Endometrial Thickness for Anemia in Adolescent Girls with Abnormal Uterine Bleeding / 임상소아혈액종양

BACKGROUND: Immaturity of the endocrine system that controls the normal menstrual cycle frequently results in abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) and elicits anemia in adolescent girls. This study was conducted to assess the predictive value of endometrial thickness (ET) for anemia in adolescent girls with AUB. METHODS: A retrospective chart review was performed for a cohort of adolescents (12–18 years old) with AUB who presented over a 10-year period. Complete blood count and ultrasonographic data of 115 adolescent girls with AUB were analyzed. Subjects were classified according to ET as group I (ET < 11 mm) and group II (≥11 mm), and the incidence of anemia was compared. Subjects were also classified according to age as group Y (12–15 years old of age) and group O (16–18 yr), and ET, hemoglobin (Hb), and incidence of anemia were compared. RESULTS: The incidence of anemia in all subjects was 67.8% and was significantly higher in group II than in group I (P < 0.001). The incidence of severe anemia was 56.9% in group II, which was higher than in group I (P=0.039). The incidence of anemia was not significantly different between groups Y and O. However, the incidence of severe anemia was significantly higher in group Y than in group O (P=0.001). CONCLUSION: AUB can result in severe anemia in adolescent girls particularly those who are close to menarche or have a thick endometrium. Early supervision of AUB is required in order to avoid anemia in adolescent girls with AUB.

Posttraumatic urethral stricture or loss secondary to pelvic fracture in girls: appropriate management / 中华泌尿外科杂志

Objective To explore the appropriate management for girls with posttraumatic urethral stricture or loss secondary to pelvic fracture.Methods Between January 2009 and December 2015,a total of 20 girls,mean age of 9.5 years (range 2-14 years),whose posttraumatic urethral stricture associated with urethrovaginal fistula were treated using a variety of procedures.The mean urethral stricture or loss length was 2.6 cm (range 2-4 cm).Six patients presented with vaginal distal stricture and associated with a large hydrocolpos in the proximal vagina.Of the 20 girls,urethroplasty was performed using labial pedicle flap or vulvar flap in l0 patients,using a bladder flap tube in 5 girls with total urethral loss,using vaginal flap in 5 cases.Colpoplasty using island vulvar skin flaps or hydrocolpos vagina were performed in the 6 patients associated with vaginal stricture during urethroplasty.Results There were no serious complications postoperatively.The mean follow-up period was 41 months (range 12-70 months) postoperatively.The overall anatomical success rate was 90％ (18/20) and the functional success rate was 70％ (14 / 20).Of 10 patients underwent pedicle labial or an island flap of vulva urethroplasty,2 patients were recurrent,and 2 patients present stress incontinence.Five patients underwent urethral reconstruction using a bladder flap tube and voiding well postoperatively,of which stress incontinence appeared in 2.All 5 patients who underwent vaginal flap urethroplasty could void normally and continently.The hydrocolpos disappeared in all 6 patients with vaginal distal severe stricture.Conclusions A differential surgical repair strategy should be determined by fistula location,stricture length and vaginal condition for posttraumatic urethral stricture associated with urethrovaginal fistula in girls.It is probably good choice to reconstruct distal urethra and vagina using a large hydrocolpos in the proximal vagina for the treatment of coexisting strictures of urethra and vagina.

Posttraumatic urethral stricture or loss secondary to pelvic fracture in girls: appropriate management / 中华泌尿外科杂志

Objective To explore the appropriate management for girls with posttraumatic urethral stricture or loss secondary to pelvic fracture.Methods Between January 2009 and December 2015,a total of 20 girls,mean age of 9.5 years (range 2-14 years),whose posttraumatic urethral stricture associated with urethrovaginal fistula were treated using a variety of procedures.The mean urethral stricture or loss length was 2.6 cm (range 2-4 cm).Six patients presented with vaginal distal stricture and associated with a large hydrocolpos in the proximal vagina.Of the 20 girls,urethroplasty was performed using labial pedicle flap or vulvar flap in l0 patients,using a bladder flap tube in 5 girls with total urethral loss,using vaginal flap in 5 cases.Colpoplasty using island vulvar skin flaps or hydrocolpos vagina were performed in the 6 patients associated with vaginal stricture during urethroplasty.Results There were no serious complications postoperatively.The mean follow-up period was 41 months (range 12-70 months) postoperatively.The overall anatomical success rate was 90％ (18/20) and the functional success rate was 70％ (14 / 20).Of 10 patients underwent pedicle labial or an island flap of vulva urethroplasty,2 patients were recurrent,and 2 patients present stress incontinence.Five patients underwent urethral reconstruction using a bladder flap tube and voiding well postoperatively,of which stress incontinence appeared in 2.All 5 patients who underwent vaginal flap urethroplasty could void normally and continently.The hydrocolpos disappeared in all 6 patients with vaginal distal severe stricture.Conclusions A differential surgical repair strategy should be determined by fistula location,stricture length and vaginal condition for posttraumatic urethral stricture associated with urethrovaginal fistula in girls.It is probably good choice to reconstruct distal urethra and vagina using a large hydrocolpos in the proximal vagina for the treatment of coexisting strictures of urethra and vagina.

Representaciones sociales de la niñez, en sujetos de 10 a 12 años de la comunidad de educacion integral (c.e.i). estudio comparativo

La presente investigación aborda las representaciones sociales sobre la niñez presentes en sujetos de 10 a 12 años de edad, de la Comunidad de Educación Integral (C.E.I), a partir de un estudio comparativo. Para este fin, se realizó una revisión teórica sobre el contexto histórico - social al cual la niñez ha estado expuesta en distintos periodos de la historia, llegando hasta nuestros tiempos. Las representaciones sociales, como teorías del sentido común, permiten analizar el tipo de pensamiento social que se ancla alrededor de una palabra clave. De esta forma, se busca generar conceptos, definiciones o ideas que son compartidas por una comunidad y que establecen parámetros de comportamientos y formas de pensar. Respecto a los resultados y las conclusiones, estas refieren que para los sujetos de la muestra, la niñez es un periodo que está anclada alrededor de la palabra "divertirse", diferenciándolo de la adolescencia representada por la palabra "tecnología". Es decir que, para el niño, en la época actual. La tecnología es considerada un hito que marcaría el inicio de la adolescencia, diferenciando estos dos periodos. Esto nos lleva a reflexionar acerca de la incorporación de la variable tecnología y su incidencia en el proceso del desarrollo humano.

This research deals with the social representations about children present in subjects from 10 to 12 years old, of the Community of Integral Education (C.E.I), from a comparative study. For this purpose, a theoretical review was made on the historical - social context to which children have been exposed in different periods of history, reaching our times. Social representations, like common sense theories, allow us to analyze the type of social thought that is anchored around a keyword. In this way, it seeks to generate concepts, definitions or ideas that are shared by a community and that establish parameters of behaviors and ways of thinking. Regarding the results and conclusions, they refer that for the subjects of the sample, childhood is a period that is anchored around the word "have fun", differentiating it from adolescence represented by the word "technology". That is to say, for the child, in the current age. Technology is considered a milestone that marks the beginning of adolescence, differentiating these two periods. This leads us to reflect on the incorporation of the variable technology and its impact on the human development process

Esta pesquisa trata das representações sociais sobre crianças presentes em indivíduos de 10 a 12 anos, da Comunidade de Educação Integral (C.E.I), a partir de um estudo comparativo. Para isso, foi feita uma revisão teórica sobre o contexto histórico-social ao qual as crianças foram expostas em diferentes períodos da história, atingindo nossos tempos. As representações sociais, como as teorias do senso comum, nos permitem analisar o tipo de pensamento social ancorado em torno de uma palavra-chave. Desta forma, procura gerar conceitos, definicóes ou idéias que são compartilhados por uma comunidade e que estabelecem parâmetros de comportamentos e formas de pensar. Em relação aos resultados e conclusões, eles referem que, para os sujeitos da amostra, a infância é um período ancorado em torno da palavra "se divertir", diferenciandoa da adolescência representada pela palavra "tecnologia". Ou seja, para a criança, na idade atual. Atecnologia é considerada um marco que marca o início da adolescência, diferenciando esses dois períodos. Isso nos leva a refletir sobre a incorporação da tecnologia variável e seu impacto no processo de desenvolvimento humano.