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OBJECTIVE: To discriminate and quantify of Gleditsia japonica Miq. thorn (SZJ) and Gleditsia microphylla Gordon ex Y. T. Lee thorn (YZJ) in the Gleditsia sinensis Lam thorn (GST). METHODS: Fourier transform near-infrared spectroscopy (FT-NIR) combined with linear discriminate analysis (LDA), support vector machine (SVM), as while as back propagation neural network (BPNN) algorithms were applied to construct the identification models. The SZJ and YZJ content in adulterated GST were determined by partial least squares regression (PLSR). RESULTS: The SVM models performance best compared with LDA and BP-NN models for it could reach 100% accuracy in training and validation set for identifying authentic GST and GST adulterated with SZJ and YZJ based on the spectral region of 5 000-4 200 cm-1 combined with SG+VN processing. The rp, RMSEP (the root mean standard error of prediction) and bias for the prediction by PLS regression model were 0.993, 2.919% and -0.330 3 for SZJ, 0.995, 2.57% and 0.364 9 for YZJ, respectively. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that the combination of NIR spectroscopy and chemometric methods offers a simple, fast and reliable method for classifification and quantifification of SZJ and YZJ adulterants in the GST.
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Objective: To investigate the active ingredients and molecular mechanism of Astragalus membranaceus var. mongholicus, Angelica sinensis, Angelicae dahurica, and Gleditsia sinensis in Tuoli Xiaodu Powder in promoting of diabetic wound healing. Methods: UPLC-Q-TOF/MS in positive and negative ion modes was applied to analyze the components in the ethanol extract from Tuoli Xiaodu Powder. Molecular docking technology was used to predict the targets proteins of these components. The function and pathway annotations of target proteins were performed through relevant databases such as Uniprot and KEGG. The drug components-target-function diagram was constructed using Cytoscape software. Results: Twenty-eight compounds containing flavonoids, saponins, coumarins, alkaloids, and triterpenoids were identified in positive and negative ion modes. Among these compounds, 17 compounds could interact with 17 target proteins, and there were 210 pairs of component-target relationships by analyzing the results of molecular docking. Among them, five targets were related to immune regulation, six targets were related to antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effects, six targets were related to cell differentiation, 10 targets were related to cell migration, six targets were related to angiogenesis, two targets were related to stimulation of epithelial growth factor, six targets were related to vasodilation, and two targets were related to estrogen. Conclusion: The flavonoids, saponins, coumarins, steroids, and triterpenoids contained in the simplified formula possess many biological effects such as antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, immune regulation, and angiogenesis. These functions may be related to its modulation of NF-κB, PI3K/Akt/eNOS, and MAPK pathway through regulating NF-κB, MAPK, PI3K, and ERK2 targets.
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Objective To investigate the chemical constituents from the ethyl acetate extract of Gleditsiae Spina. Methods The chemical constituents were isolated and identified by chromatography on silica gel, Toyopearl HW-40C, Sephadex LH-20, MCI Gel CHP-20, ODS, and RP-HPLC. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of physicochemical properties and spectral analyses. Results Eighteen compounds were isolated from the ethyl acetate extract of Gleditsiae Spina, and identified as scopoletin (1), (-)-(7R,8S)-erythro-guaiacylglycerol (2), 5-methoxy-guaiacylglycerol (3), (-)-(7R,8R)-threo-guaiacylglycerol (4), 3,4’- dihydroxypropiophenone (5), dihydroferulic acid (6), p-hydroxybenzoic acid (7), indole-3-carbaldehyde (8), protocatechuic acid methyl (9), protocatechuic aldehyde (10), syringic acid (11), 2-guaiacylpropane-1,3-diol (12), (2R*,3R*,4S*)-2,3-diguaiacyl-4- hydroxyl tetrahydrofuran (13), 3-(2-oxopropyl)-3-hydroxy-indolin-2-one (14), juglanin D (15), C-veratroylglycol (16), 3-(4-hydroxyl-3-methoxyphenyl)-propan-1,2-diol (17), and (-)-syringaresinol (18). Conclusion Eighteen compounds are isolated from this plant for the first time.
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Object To study on the structure of sapogenins from pod of Gleditsia sinensis Lam Methods Pod of G. sinensis was extracted with solvents and the constituents in the extraction isolated, after hydrolised completely, with the aid of flash chromatography to obtain 2 gledgenins Results The structures of the 2 gledgenins were proved to be 3 hydroxy 12 oleanen 28 oic acid and 3, 16 dihydroxy 12 oleanen 28 oic acid respectively as shown by IR, NMR, MS and crystallographic data The structures were further verified by acylation, methylation and followed by reaction with 3, 5 dinitro benzoyl chloride Conclusion New crystalline derivatives were obtained to provide further evidence of their structures