ABSTRACT
Deep knowledge of the shape and dimensions of the glenoid, and variations in normal anatomy of glenoid, are important in the design and fitting of glenoid component in total shoulder arthroplasty. It is also essential while dealing with the pathological conditions like osseous Bankart lesion, osteochondral defects, etc. MethodsThe cross-sectional study was carried out on 122 undamaged dry adult human scapulae. Out of these 122 scapulae, 62 belonged to right side and 60 belonged to left side. Parameters studied were Maximum Scapular Length, Maximum Scapular Breadth, Vertical Glenoid Diameter (VGD), Transverse Glenoid Diameter I (TGD I), Transverse Glenoid Diameter II (TGD II) and Shape of the glenoid cavity. ResultsThe mean maximum scapular length observed was 140.77 ± 8.19 mm on right and 142.30 ± 7.99; the mean maximum scapular breadth was 100.70 ± 7.70 mm on right side and 99.88 ± 5.57 mm on the left; the mean vertical glenoid diameter was 36.09 ± 2.52 mm on the right and 36.40 ± 1.86 mm on the left side; the mean transverse glenoid diameter I (TGD I) was 24.40 ± 3.67 mm on the right side and 23.57 ± 3.41 mm on the left side; the mean transverse glenoid diameter II (TGD II) was 16.02 ± 2.94 mm on the right side and 16.37 ± 3.35 mm on the left side. In all the measurements bilateral differences were not statistically significant (p values ˃0.05). The most common shape of glenoid cavity recorded in the present study was pear shape (50.82%) followed by inverted comma shape (36.89%). The least common shape was oval (12.30%). ConclusionsThe parameters studied were with minimal regional differences when compared to those of other authors in India except that in shape which definitely differs from others.
ABSTRACT
Background: To study the morphometry and morphology of glenoid cavity of dried scapula bone and in CT scan of glenoid cavity. The present study aimed at calculating three dimensions i.e. vertical diameter, horizontal diameter of the upper segment and horizontal diameter of the lower segment of the glenoid cavity and describing the incidence of its different shapes.Methods: This study was done on 100 dry, unpaired adult human scapulae of unknown sex. 50 scapulae belongs to right side and 50 scapulae belongs to left side obtained from Department of Anatomy, SRM Medical College and Research Institute. The above mentioned diameters are measured using Vernier caliper and the mean dimensions are calculated, morphological variations are studied. 3D CT images of scapulae, obtained from Department of Radiology, SRM Medical college and Hospital, Potheri, were also analysed.Results: In the current study, various dimensions and incidence of various shapes of glenoid cavity were measured. The incidence of both pear and inverted comma shape in right side is greater than in left whereas the incidence of oval shape in left side is greater than right side. The SI diameter of right glenoid is greater than the left, which is statistically significant. The Antero-posterior diameters (AP-1, AP-2, AP-3) of right glenoid is greater than the left, but not statistically significant.Conclusions: The knowledge of the above said variations of glenoid cavity is important in manufacturing the glenoid component of shoulder prosthesis, repair of Bankart’s lesion, procedures like posterior glenoid osteotomy.
ABSTRACT
Introduction: The scapula (shoulder blade) is a triangular flat bone that lies on the posterolateral aspect of thethorax. The scapula bears various angles namely superior, inferior, lateral, medial, acromial and coracoidangle. The three borders meet strategically to form the referenced three angles (lateral, superior, and inferior. Itslateral angle, truncated and broad, bears the glenoid cavity which articulates with the head of the humerus at theglenohumeral joint. The morphology of the glenoid cavity is highly variable. The glenoid rim presents a notch inits upper and front partMaterials and Methods: This study included thorough observation of 120 dry human scapulae, 67 from left sideand 53 from right side, obtained from department of Anatomy, Sri Guru Ram Rai Institute of medical and healthsciences Dehradun following standard guidelines. All the metric and non metric parameters were observed andrecorded in tabulated form.Results: The mean length of scapula of left side was observed as 127.35±12.35 and right side was 128.10±11.21.Thetotal mean value for length of scapula was noted as 130.21±12.65 . The mean breadth of scapula was recordedas 96.98±7.62mm. The mean value of scapular index was listed as 68.47±3.98 . The mean of infraspinous lengthwas recorded as 99.14±9.54 and the infraspinous index was 99.65±8.32.The mean AP glenoid diameter 1 was24.54±2.65mm, the mean AP glenoid diameter 2 was 16.56±2.45mm and the mean AP glenoid diameter 3 was17.09±2.75 The shape of the glenoid cavity was recorded as type 1(oval) 17.50%, Type2 (pear) 48.14%,Type3(inverted coma) and Type4(other).Conclusion: To summarize, the present study provides a base line data of different scapular dimensions on theleft and right sides. Knowledge of the measurements and indices of various parameters of scapula such aslength, width and various parameters of glenoid cavity can be used for comparative anatomy and also fordefining the race.
ABSTRACT
Introduction: The Glenoid cavity is regarded as the head of the scapula. The morphology of glenoid cavity ishighly variable. It articulates with the head of the humerus at the glenohumeral joint. Shape and dimensions ofthe glenoid cavity are important in the design and fitting of glenoid components for total shoulder arthroplasty.An understanding of variations in normal anatomy of the glenoid is essential while evaluating pathologicalconditions like osseous bankart lesions and osteochondral defects. The aim of the present study was to obtainthe anthropometric data of the glenoid cavity of the scapula and to study the various shapes of the glenoid cavitywhich will help in management of shoulder pathology.Materials and Methods: This study was done on 74 dry, unpaired adult human scapulae (36 right side and 38 leftside )of unknown sex belonging to the saurashtra population. Maximum superior-inferior diameter and Maximumanterior-posterior diameter of the glenoid cavity were measured and. The shape of the glenoid cavity wasclassified as inverted comma shaped, pear shaped and oval shaped depending upon the presence or absence ofa notch on the glenoid rim.Results: The average SI diameter on right and the left sides were 38.49 ± 3.17mm and 38.06 ± 3.34mm respectively.The average AP-1 diameter of the right glenoid were 24.76±2.49mm and that of the left was 24.23 ± 2.14mm.Themean AP-2 diameter of the right glenoid was 18.83±2.19 mm and that of the left was 17.97±2.08.Conclusion: These findings suggest that the difference in size of the glenoid cavity in Gujarati population mayhave to be taken into consideration while deciding the size of the glenoid component in shoulder arthroplasty inthis population.
ABSTRACT
Background: Knowledge of normal variations in shape and size of the glenoid fossa are required to improve efficacy and minimize failure rates in shoulder arthroplasty, particularly those involving the glenoid component of shoulder joint. Studies concerning glenoid morphometry among Egyptian population are scarce. The objective of the present study was to determine morphological types and diameters of glenoid fossa in adult Egyptian scapulae . Material and methods: A total of 68 dry adult unpaired scapulae of unknown age and sex were randomly selected. The shape and diameters of glenoid fossa in each specimen were recorded and collected data were statistically analyzed. Results: Glenoid fossa revealed a superior - inferior diameter of 3.31 ± 0.39 and 2.87 ± 0.41 centimeters and an anterior - posterior diameter of 2.44 ± 0.44 and 2.21 ± 0.44 centimeters on the right and left sides respectively. The anterior margin of glenoid fossa presented a notch in 76.47% of studied scapulae, and accordingly the fossa was classified into three morphological types; pear-shaped (45.59%), inverted comma-shaped (30.88%) and oval – shaped (23.53%). Conclusion: The documented findings about glenoid fossa in the present study would help to decide the proper size of glenoid component in shoulder arthroplasty among Egyptians. Moreover, approximately one third of Egyptians are liable to Bankart lesion.