ABSTRACT
Resumen El artículo analiza la implementación de los tratamientos biológicos de shock en el Instituto de Psiquiatría de Rosario, Argentina, durante el período de entreguerras. El objetivo es destacar el impacto que un fenómeno global, referido al fortalecimiento de la disciplina y el surgimiento de nuevas terapias, tuvo en un espacio de atención psiquiátrica argentino. Así, se analizará la relevancia que tuvieron las limitaciones presupuestarias, la experimentación de alternativas y la presencia de expertos internacionales en la incorporación de las novedades terapéuticas. Se sostiene que las estrategias desplegadas por el Instituto para implementarlos exponen los matices locales de un fenómeno global, así como su aporte a la experimentación de los tratamientos.
Abstract This article analyses the implementation of biological shock treatments in the Psychiatric Institute of Rosario, Argentina, during the interwar period. The aim is to illuminate the impact that a global phenomenon, referred to the strengthening of the discipline and the emergence of new therapies, had on an Argentinean psychiatric care space. Thus, it will analyse the relevance that budgetary limitations, the experimentation of alternatives and the presence of international experts had in the incorporation of therapeutic novelties. It is argued that the strategies deployed by the Institute to implement them expose the local nuances of a global phenomenon, as well as its contribution to the experimentation of treatments.
Subject(s)
Psychiatric Somatic Therapies , Internationality , Electroconvulsive Therapy , Extracorporeal Shockwave Therapy , Argentina , History, 20th CenturyABSTRACT
Resumo O artigo estabelece as bases para um diálogo entre os estudiosos do pensamento social brasileiro e os historiadores da sociologia como disciplina. Para atingir esse objetivo, analiso os desenvolvimentos recentes no campo da história da sociologia, destacando a incorporação de métodos historiográficos e a emergência de uma abordagem transnacional, que aponta para o projeto de uma história global da disciplina. Critico os limites eurocêntricos desse campo e argumento que as tendências recentes de pesquisa na área do pensamento social brasileiro podem ajudar a superar tal limitação. Finalmente, analiso brevemente os obstáculos que impedem tal diálogo e aponto possíveis estratégias para superá-los.
Abstract The article lays the foundation for a dialog between scholars of Brazilian social thought and historians of sociology as a discipline. In order to achieve this objective, I analyze recent developments in the field of the history of sociology, highlighting the incorporation of historiographic methods and the emergence of a transnational approach, which points toward a global history of the discipline. I criticize the Eurocentric limits of this field and argue that recent research trends in the area of Brazilian social thought can help overcome this limitation. Finally, I briefly analyze the obstacles that impede this dialog and indicate possible strategies for overcoming them.
Subject(s)
Humans , Social Sciences , Sociology/history , BrazilABSTRACT
Este artículo define la historia global en relación con historia de la medicina y la salud pública. Defiende que una aproximación global a la historia abre un espacio para reverberaciones transmitidas desde la periferia geográfica hacia regiones occidentales, las cuales, tradicionalmente, han dominado la historiografía moderna. Analiza dos intervenciones médicas, en el Caribe, a finales del siglo XIX y principios del XX, y señala que estos sucesos tuvieron profundas consecuencias en los EEUU. Los logros alcanzados en el Caribe, en lo relativo al control de la fiebre amarilla y del anquilostoma, además de servir de modelo para campañas sanitarias en el sur de los EEUU, impulsaron la centralización de la salud pública norteamericana bajo el control centralizador del gobierno federal.
This article defines global history in relation to the history of medicine and public health. It argues that a global approach to history opens up a space for examining the reverberations transmitted from the geographic periphery towards western regions, which have traditionally dominated modern historiography. It analyzes two medical interventions in the Caribbean in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century, showing how these events had profound consequences in the USA. The successes achieved in the Caribbean in terms of yellow fever and ancylostoma control, as well as providing a model for health campaigns in the southern USA, inspired the centralization of public health in North America under the centralizing control of the federal government.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Frozen Sections , Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted/instrumentation , Neoplasms/pathology , Referral and Consultation , Telepathology/instrumentation , Cost-Benefit Analysis , Equipment Design , Frozen Sections/economics , Health Care Costs , Neoplasms/economics , Predictive Value of Tests , Prognosis , Reproducibility of Results , Retrospective Studies , Referral and Consultation/economics , Time and Motion Studies , Time Factors , Telepathology/economics , WorkflowABSTRACT
Gilberto Freyre é um dos mais importantes intelectuais e cientistas sociais brasileiros de todos os tempos. No entanto, ao contrário de Fernand Braudel, o famoso contemporâneo francês e colega seu, Freyre atualmente não é considerado um fundador da nova ‘história global’. A questão é: qual o valor da obra de Gilberto Freyre para a historiografia contemporânea? Já que a maioria de seus livros trata de temas como colonialismo, migração e a ‘miscigenação’ de diferentes etnias e culturas, será que também revela algo sobre o que chamamos hoje de globalização? Como historiadores, no âmbito da nova história global, podemos utilizar seus escritos para entender (melhor) o passado? E, se assim for, como podemos aproveitar sua obra?.
Gilberto Freyre is one of Brazil’s all-time finest intellectuals and social scientists. However, unlike his famous French colleague and contemporary Fernand Braudel, Freyre is not currently considered a founder of the new ‘global history’. The article poses some questions: How valuable is Gilberto Freyre’s work to contemporary historiography? Since most of his books address such themes as colonialism, migration, and the ‘miscegenation’ of different ethnicities and cultures, do they perhaps also tell us something about what we now call globalization? As historians, within the framework of the new global history, can we use his writings to (better) understand the past? And if so, how can we make use of his work?.
Subject(s)
History, 20th Century , Internationality/history , BrazilABSTRACT
As relações entre Alemanha e Brasil foram influenciadas por diferentes ordens espaciais que coexistiram e se influenciaram, no período de 1870 a 1945. O artigo discute a ideia de viver em mundos diferentes, muito distantes entre si. Argumenta-se que o conceito de distância mudou lenta e regularmente com o aparecimento de modernas tecnologias de comunicação. Ordens espaciais hierarquicamente estruturadas em centros e periferias dominaram as relações nesse período. Os alemães consideravam seu espaço maior e superior ao brasileiro, situação com a qual muitos brasileiros, naquela época, concordavam, entretanto, desde a Primeira Guerra Mundial, não mais quiseram aceitar essa suposta ordem natural.
Relations between Germany and Brazil were influenced by different spatial orders which co-existed and influenced each other between 1870 and 1945. The article discusses the idea of living in different worlds, and being worlds apart. It argues that the concept of distance changed slowly, but surely, with the rise of modern communication technologies. Hierarchically structured spatial orders of centers and peripheries dominated the relationship in this period. Not only the Germans considered their own space superior, and on a higher level than the Brazilian, many Brazilians of the time agreed with this point of view, but also, since the First World War, were not willing to accept this allegedly natural order of the globe any longer.
Subject(s)
History, 19th Century , History, 20th Century , Race Relations/history , Brazil , Germany/ethnology , World War IABSTRACT
Mostra que o conceito de nação e as interpretações nacionalistas foram centrais nos discursos sobre a imigração no Brasil nos anos 1930 e 1940. Essas referências nacionais, entretanto, não são compreensíveis sem uma contextualização global. Por um lado, os atores históricos foram integrados em debates científicos que circulavam globalmente; por outro, eles tinham consciência da globalidade do assunto. Pretendo demonstrar essas hipóteses com o auxílio de dois exemplos: a sociologia migratória brasileira e os discursos de imigrantes de fala alemã no Brasil.
This article shows that the concept of nation and nationalist interpretations were at the heart of discourses about immigration in Brazil in the 1930s and 40s. These national references cannot, however, be comprehended unless they are seen from a global perspective. The historical actors were engaged in scientific debates that were circulating around the globe, and they were also aware of the international nature of the subject. I intend to demonstrate these hypotheses with the help of two examples: the sociology of migration in Brazil, and the discourses of German-speaking immigrants to Brazil.