Response of Maize-Pigeon Pea Intercrop to Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi in Nutrient Depleted Soil.

The role of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in nutrient recycling can result in the improvement of plant growth and yield in nutrient depleted soil. Two years field experiment (2008 and 2009) was conducted at Ekpoma, Nigeria to investigate the effects of mycorrhizal inoculum on maize-pigeon pea intercrop. The experiment was a 2 x 3 factorial fitted into a Randomized Complete Block Design with three replicates. Soil samples from the site were analysed for both chemical and physical properties. The land equivalent ratio was determined and data collected were analysed using descriptive statistics and ANOVA at p = 0.05. In 2008, the height and stem girth of maize were increased with the inoculation of mycorrhiza. Maize had a higher grain yield of 1,866.8 kg ha-1 when inoculated with mycorrhiza compared to non mycorrhizal maize with grain yield of 1,406.8 kg ha-1. The grain yield was 48 % higher in mycorrhizal pigeon pea compared non-mycorrhizal pigeon pea for both the intercrop and the sole pigeon pea. The inoculation of mycorrhiza increased the shoot biomass of pigeon pea and maize. The residual effects of mycorrhizal inoculation on sole pigeon pea and maize results in higher grain yield of 2,581.4 kg ha-1 and 1,500.8 kg ha-1 respectively in 2009. The residual effects of Glomus clarum increased the grain yield by 41% and 56% in maize and pigeon pea respectively. The nutrient uptake in mycorrhizal maize and pigeon pea were higher compared to non mycorrhizal maize and pigeon pea. The land equivalent ratio was greater than one which indicated the advantage of intercrop over monoculture. Glomus clarum significantly improved their growth, shoot biomass, grain yield and nutrient uptake of maize and pigeon pea. Intercrop maize with or without mycorrhiza had higher yield in the residual experiment compared to monoculture.

Crescimento de mudas de peroba rosa em resposta à inoculação com fungos micorrízicos arbusculares / Growth responses of peroba rosa seedlings due to arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi inoculation

O objetivo neste trabalho foi de avaliar o efeito da inoculação de fungos micorrízicos arbusculares no crescimento de mudas de peroba rosa (Aspidosperma polyneuron). O experimento foi conduzido em delineamento experimental, inteiramente casualizado, em casa de vegetação com seis repetições. Utilizou-se mistura de solo e areia (3:1), desinfestado como substrato, com os seguintes tratamentos de inoculação: Gigaspora margarita, Glomus clarum, Scutellospora heterogama, Acaulospora scrobiculata e uma mistura de fungos micorrízicos arbusculares (FMA). Após 120 dias, observou-se que a colonização micorrízica radicular foi de 28,3 por cento a 48,4 por cento para a mistura de FMA e para G. margarita, respectivamente. As plantas inoculadas com G. margarita e G. clarum apresentaram maior crescimento, indicando o potencial da inoculação desses fungos na produção de mudas.

The aim of this study was to examine the effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) inoculation on Aspidosperma polyneuron seedlings growth. The experiment was conducted under greenhouse conditions in a randomized design using a disinfected mixture of soil + sand (3:1) with the following treatments: Gigaspora margarita, Glomus clarum, Scutellospora heterogama, Acaulospora scrobiculata, a mixture of arbuscular mycorrhizae fungi (AMF) and a non-inoculated control with six replicates. After 120 days of seed germination, it was observed that root colonization was from 28.3 percent to 48.4 percent for mixture of AMF and G. margarita, respectively. The plants inoculated with G. margarita or G. clarum showed higher growth than other treatments, which evidence the potential of AMF inoculation in seedlings production.

Fungos micorrízicos nativos e Glomus clarun no rendimento de trevo vesiculoso cultivado em condições naturais e modificadas pela calagem e aplicação de fósforo / Glomus clarun and native mycorrhizal fungi on yield of Trifolium spp. cultivated under natural and modified soil contitions with addition by phosphorus and liming

Em experimento desenvolvido na casa de vegetação na UFSM-RS, avaliou-se o efeito da introdução de fungos micorrizicos arbusculares (fMA) Glomus clarum e nativos no rendimento de massa seca (MS) e absorção de P pelo trevo vesiculoso (Trifolium spp.) e verificou-se a compatibilidade entre a espécie introduzida e os fMA nativos ocorrentes no solo estudado. Os tratamentos/oram constituídos defatorial 4x2x2 com quatro níveis de fMA: G. clarum, fungos nativos, mistura de ambas as populações e controle sem inoculação de fMA: com dois valores de pH: 4,4 e 5,4 e com dois níveis de fósforo disponível (Mehlich l): 6 e ISmg/kg de solo. A introdução de G. clarum isoladamente ou em conjunto com fMA nativos, na condição de pH 4,4, e em baixa disponibilidade de P, aumentou o rendimento de MS e absorção de P. Em disponibilidade intermediária de P (l5mg/kg de solo) e pH 5,4 não ocorreu diferença entre os tratamentos inoculados com fMA, mas destes ocorreu diferença para o tratamento sem inoculação, evidenciando a dependência do trevo pela micorrizaçâo. Tratamentos inoculados com G. clarum apresentaram maiores rendimentos de MS, absorção de P, colonização micorrizica e esporulação, mostrando que a introdução dessa espécie pode ser viável quando espécies nativas não são eficientes para a cultura ou tornam-se ineficientes quando a fertilidade do solo é modificada por aplicação de P e/ou calagem.

The experiment v/as conducted under greenhouse condition at the University of Santa Maria, RS, Brazil. The objectives were to evaluate the introduction of arbuscular mycorrhizalfúngi (AMF) Glomus clarum and natives fungi on the phosphorus uptake and dry matter (DM) production from Trifolium spp. and Io verify lhe compatibilily between introduced specie and lhe nativo AMF occurence in lhe studied soil. The treatments was constituled of 4x2x2 factorial withfour AMF leveis: G. clarum, AMf native, mixture of both populations of AMF andcontrai which was without inocutation of AMF: twopH leveis: 4.4 and 5.4 and two phosphorus leveis by Mehlich I extractor: 6 and l5mg/kg of soil. It was noticed that when G. clarum was introduced isolately or with native AMF with pH of 4.4 and low P availability increased DM production and P accumulation. At medium P availability (15mg/kg of soil) and pH 5.4 there were no diferences between inoculated treatments with AMF but from ones there was observed diferences on the contrai. These differences were due to the mycorrhizal dependence on Trifolium. Inoculated treatments with G. clarum showed higher DM production, Puptake, mycorrhizal colonization and number of spores. It can be concluded that the introduction of G. clariim can be viable when the nativo species are not efficient for the crop or become unefficient when the natural soilferlilily is modified by addition of phosphorus or liming.