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Objective@#To observe the effect of 5-hudroxymethyl-2-furfural (5-HMF) on glycolipid metabolism and hepatic function in mice with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and hepatic injury. @*Methods@#A low, a medium and a high 5-HMF dose group, a model group, and a control group were designed, with ten female ICR mice in each group. The low, medium and high dose group were given 0.27, 0.80 and 2.67 mg/kgbw 5-HMF, respectively, for 12 weeks; while the model group and the control group were given volume controlled deionized water. The model group and three dose groups were fed with high-fat and high-sugar food (36%), and the intraperitoneal injection of alloxan (60 mg/kgbw) was executed in the 10th and 11th week; the control group were fed with normal food. The body weight, blood glucose, blood lipid, and liver function of mice were determined regularly. The livers were stained by periodic acid Schiff and the changes in pathology were observed. @*Results@#Compared with the control group, the serum levels of glucose (GLU), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were significantly higher in the model group (P<0.05). Compared with the model group, the AST level in the low and high 5-HMF dose group, and the LDH level in the low, medium and high 5-HMF dose group, were significantly lower (P<0.05). There were no significant differences in the levels of GLU, total cholesterol, LDL-C, triacylglycerol, HDL-C and ALT between the model group and the three dose groups (P>0.05). Moderate to severe vacuolar degeneration was observed in the model group, while mild vacuolar degeneration was observed in the high dose group. Medium or large amount of hepatic glycogen granules were observed in the high dose group and the model group. @*Conclusion@#Under the conditions of this experiment, 5-HMF does not show any obvious function of reducing blood glucose and lipid in the mice with T2DM and liver injury, but show some protective effects on liver function．
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@#Introduction: The leptin receptor gene (LEPR) variation plays an important role in diseases related with obesity which include Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) and hypertension in some populations. The role of this variation is still controversial and not yet studied in the eastern parts of Indonesia. Hence, this study aimed to explore the correlation of leptin receptor variations (Lys109Arg and Gln223Arg) with blood pressure and blood glucose in T2DM in Ternate population. Methods: This study examined 136 subjects with the age range of 32-76 years old. Five mL of fasting blood were taken to determine blood glucose levels using the GOD-PAP method, and leukocytes were used for genotyping by polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) technique methods. Frequencies of genotypes and alleles were analyzed with chi square tests. Correlations of genotypes with the anthropometric measurements were calculated by logistic regression with significance value if p<0.05. Results: Variation of Lys109Arg LEPR gene did not influence the Body Mass Index (BMI), blood pressure, nor blood glucose level. Variation of Gln223Arg LEPR gene also did not influence BMI and blood glucose level, but correlated with blood pressure. Regression analysis after adjusted for age, gender, BMI and blood glucose level showed that this variation remains significantly different. Conclusion: Variation of Gln223Arg LEPR gene correlated with blood pressure but variation of Lys109Arg LEPR gene was not correlated with blood glucose level nor blood pressure. Future study is needed to correlate other genes and examine their effect on metabolic syndrome diseases.
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Abstract Glycogen storage disease type 1a (GSD 1a) is a rare inborn error of metabolism. It causes severe fasting intolerance and lactic acidosis due to the deficiency of glucose-6-phosphatase enzyme. Blood glucose and lactate concentrations from 2 patients with GSD 1a were retrospectively compared to a control group of patients with familial amyloid polyneuropathy. Carbohydrate intake and infusions were compared to experimental data based on stable isotope studies. Perioperative lactate concentrations were significantly higher in our 2 patients with GSD 1a (median 15.0 mmol/L; range 9.9-22.0 mmol/L) versus 8 controls. In one patient, despite normal blood glucose concentrations, lactate acidosis was probably caused by a combination of the disease itself, insufficient (par)enteral carbohydrate intake, Ringer lactate infusions, and circulatory insufficiency. Patients with GSD 1a carry an increased risk of lactic acidosis during orthotopic liver transplantation compared to non-GSD patients. Multidisciplinary perioperative care is essential to prevent significant complications.
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Background & objectives: Patients with diabetes and vitamin-D insufficiency have increased insulin resistance. Similar observations among individuals with prediabetes are not well documented. The aim of this study was to find the occurrence of vitamin-D insufficiency/deficiency among individuals with prediabetes and to evaluate the relationship between vitamin-D status and insulin resistance. Methods: One hundred fifty seven individuals with prediabetes who fulfilled all the inclusion and exclusion criteria underwent clinical examination, anthropometric measurements (waist circumference, waist-hip ratio, waist-height ratio) and blood sampling after overnight fast for estimation of fasting blood glucose, fasting insulin, 25(OH)vitamin-D, intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH) and lipid profile. One hour post 75 g glucose (1hPG) blood glucose during oral glucose tolerance test was measured. Results: Vitamin-D deficiency/insufficiency was found in 115 (73.25%) individuals with prediabetes. Severe vitamin-D deficiency (<10 ng/ml) was seen in 14.65 per cent individuals. Individuals with the lowest vitamin-D levels (<10 ng/ml) had the highest insulin resistance (HOMA2-IR: 2.04 ± 0.67). Serum 25(OH)D had a statistically significant inverse correlation with insulin resistance (HOMA2-IR; r=-0.33; P=0.008), and positive correlation with insulin sensitivity (QUICKI; r=0.39; P=0.002), after adjusting for BMI and HbA1c. There was no correlation between vitamin-D status and estimated beta cell mass (HOMA-β). The mean waist-height ratio among individuals with prediabetes was 0.57 (normal<0.5) indicating a high risk of cardiovascular morbidity. Individuals with elevated 1hPG>155 mg/dl had significantly higher BMI and worse insulin resistance, and 1hPG correlated well with 2 hour post glucose blood glucose (r=0.57; P<0.001). Interpretations & conclusions: Vitamin-D deficiency/insufficiency may have some role in the development/worsening of insulin resistance in individuals with prediabetes in our country who have a high cardiovascular risk. Prospective studies on a large group of individuals need to be done to confirm the findings.
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@#Objective To investigate the effect of blood glucose levels on lipid-lowering therapy in patients with myocardial infraction (MI).Methods The data of 174 patients with acute or old MI and finished a two-year follow-up were analyzed retrospectively. The patients were divided into four groups: diabetes mellitus (DM) with well blood glucose control (DM+W group), diabetes mellitus with bad blood glucose control (DM+B group), non-diabetes mellitus with well blood glucose control (NDM+W group) and non-diabetes mellitus with bad blood glucose control (NDM+B group). Blood lipids levels, dose and side effects of statins were statistically analyzed.Results All the 174 patients had a mean follow-up period of 28±7 months, and 51 patients (25.9%) had diabetes mellitus. In DM+B group (n=13, 25.5%) and NDM+B group (n=24, 19.5%), there were no statistically difference between enrollment and 2-year follow-up in the mean levels of blood total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c), but the mean level of LDL-c had a trend of elevation. In DM+W group, the mean level of LDL-c was 2.57 mmol/L at 2-year follow-up, which did not achieve the recommended LDL-c goal (2.06 mmol/L). There were no differences in statin therapy between each group. After 2-year follow-up, there were only 93 patients (53.4%) received normal dose of statin, 60 patients (34.5%) took low dose of statin and 16 patients (9.2%) had no statin therapy. There were no differences in hepatic enzyme abnormality between each group.Conclusion The bad control of blood glucose in patients with MI effect the efficacy of statins in lipid-lowering therapy. The doses of statin are insufficient especial in patients with MI and DM.
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The relationship between blood pressure and various risk factors were investigated in 54 cases of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) with stepwise regression analysis. After evaluating the influence of age, course, body mass index (BMI), fasting and postprandial blood glucose, serum IRI, C-peptide, HbA1c, plasma lipids (Ch, TG, HDL-C. LDL-C). ApoA1, ApoB2, 24h urine Alb/Cr, NAG/Cr. TRF Cr and RBP/Cr levels on blood pressure, the following results were found: 1) NIDDM patients had a two-fold increased risk of hypertension than normal population. 2) Among the 21 risk factors analysed, 6 variables were strongly correlated with blood pressure, i. e. , age, postprandial blood glucose, serum IRI, blood total cholesterol, 24h urine Alb/Cr and TRF/Cr level. 3) Postprandial hyperglycemia was the most important variable positively correlated with hypertension, followed by 24h urine Alb/Cr and plasma total cholesterol.
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After intracerebral ventricular administration of adrenomedullin (AM) in normal saline (NS) or 30% glucose to rats, the effects on blood glucose and glucose regulatory hormones were studied and compared. 1) Am in NS increased significantly the concentration of plasma insulin and C peptide, and decreased the concentration of glucagon and blood glucose. 2) As compared with 30% glucose alone, AM in 30% glucose raised significantly the plasma insulin and C peptide and decreased significantly the glucagon concentration, but the blood glucose level remained unchanged. The results showed that the AM plays a role in the regulation of pancreatic hormone secretion by central nerve system.