Expression and significance of glutathione S-transferase mu 3 in prostate cancer / 中华泌尿外科杂志

Objective To explore the role and clinical significance of GSTM 3 ( glutathione S-trans-ferase mu 3) expression in prostate cancer (PCa). Methods We had used the two-dimensional fluores-cence difference gel electrophoresis ( 2D-DIGE) and mass spectral analysis to further verify the microarray data of mRNA expression profiling discovered .GSTM3 mRNA level was detected by Rael-time Quantitative PCR ( RT-QPCR) in 28 pairs of prostate cancer tissue and benign tissue .The relationship of GSTM 3 level with the serum PSA level and the clinical feature of PCa were analyzed . Results In 2D-DIGE study, we found that the expression of GSTM 3 protein in adjacent tissues was significantly higher than that in PCa tis-sues (P0.05) and prostate cancer clinical pathological parameters ( P>0.05). Conclusions GSTM3 expression is down-regulated in PCa tissues, and we may identify PCa by detecting the GSTM 3 expression .

The Risk of Gastric Cancer in Koreans according to Smoking, Drinking, Diet, and the Genetic Polymorphisms of Glutathione S-Transferases and L-myc Protooncogene / 대한암학회지

PURPOSE: This study was performed to investigate the interaction of genetic polymorphisms of glutathione S-transferases and L-myc proto-oncogene with smoking, drinking, and dietary factors in the carcinogenesis of gastric cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Two hundred and four gastric cancer patients and 1:1 matched hospital controls were the study subjects. They were interviewed with a questionnaire including alcohol consumption, smoking and dietary habit. We investigated genetic polymorphisms of GSTM1, GSTT1 and L-myc genes using PCR-RFLP techniques. RESULTS: Smoking and soybean paste stew were risk factors and doughnut, fried potato, welsh onion, rice cake, seaweed, slices of raw fish, melon, tomato, garlic and onion were protective factors of gastric cancer. The odds ratios of some food items changed significantly according to the genotypes; green vegetables and pork according to the GSTM1 genotype; pork, soybean curd, steamed or hard-boiled soybean and welsh onion according to the GSTT1 genotype; rice cake and garlic according to the L-myc proto-oncogene genotype. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that the genetic polymorphisms of GSTM1, GSTT1 and L-myc genes might modify the effects of environmental factors on gastric cancer possibly by engaging in the metabolism of food, alcohol and cigarette smoke.

The Effects of the Genetic Polymorphisms of N-acetyltransferase 2 and Glutathione S-transferase mu on the Development of Bladder Tumor / 대한비뇨기과학회지

PURPOSE: Activity of enzymes involved in the metabolism of various carcinogenic xenobiotics is one of the most important host factor for cancer occurrence. N-acetyltransferase (NAT) and glutathione S-transferase(GST) are enzymes which reduce the toxicity of activated carcinogenic metabolites. Slow N-acetylation and lack of glutathione S-transferase mu(GSTM1) were reported as risk factors of bladder tumor. Since the cause of bladder cancer is not fully explained by single risk factor, many kinds of enzymes would be involved in the metabolism of carcinogens excreted in urine. This study was performed to investigate whether the polymorphisms of N-acetyltransferase type 2(NAT2) and GSTM1 are risk factors of bladder tumor and to evaluate the effects of their interaction on bladder tumor development. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 113 bladder tumor and 221 non-cancer patients, hospitalized in the Chungbuk National University Hospital, Samsung Medical Center, and Asan Medical Center from March to December 1996 participated in this case-control study. Questionnaire interview was done and the genotypes of NAT2 and GSTM1 were identified using PCR methods with DNA extracted from the venous blood. The effects of the polymorphism of NAT2 and GSTM1 and their interaction on bladder cancer were statistically tested after controlling the other risk factors. RESULTS: The frequencies of slow, intermediate, and rapid acetylators were 7.1%, 37.5%, and 55.4% for the cases, and 11.0%, 43.4%, and 45.7% for the controls, respectively. The risk of bladder tumor was not associated with the increase of NAT2 activity (chi2trend=3.16, p-value>0.05). GSTM1 was deleted in 69.6% of the cases and 55.9% of the controls (Chi2=5.86, p-value<0.05), and the odds ratio (95% CI) was 1.81 (1.12 - 2.93). Smoking history turned out to be insignificant as a risk factor of bladder tumor (OR=1.34, 95%CI: 0.78 - 2.31), and occupation could not be tested because of the extremely small number of occupational history related to the increase of bladder tumor. Medical history of tuberculosis and bronchial asthma were significant risk factors for bladder tumor, and their ORs (95% CI) were 3.61 (1.57-8.26) and 4.15 (1.61-10.75), respectively. In multiple logistic analysis controlling the effects of other risk factors, GSTM1 deletion (OR: 1.80, 95% CI: 1.07-3.05), and histories of tuberculosis (OR: 2.99, 95% CI: 1.22-7.32) and of bronchial asthma (OR: 3.38, 95% CI: 1.24-9.22) were the significant risk factors for bladder tumor, but slow acetylation was not. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that GSTM1 deletion may be a significant risk factor of bladder tumor. The medications for tuberculosis and bronchial asthma could possibly cause bladder tumor, or immune mechanism might be involved in the development of bladder tumor.