ABSTRACT
Aims: The main objective of this paper is to review the technologies used for the detection of Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Study Design: Convective cooling protects the cancer cells from thermal destruction and decreases the necrosed volume. A major objective of the method development is to achieve a virtually complete necrosis of tumors close to major blood vessels and to avoid blood vessel damage and, hence, the needed treatment planning. Place and Duration of Study: We found from this three-dimensional three-field coupling study that in large blood vessels, both convective cooling and acoustic streaming may change the temperature considerably near the blood vessel. Acoustic streaming velocity magnitude can be several times larger than the blood vessel velocity. Methodology: Different methods and techniques were proposed so far in the automatic detection of Hepatocellular Carcinoma. However the performance of the technologies till now not completely matched to the performance of human expert. Results: This review paper have analyzed the recent technologies in Liver Cancer Identification (24%), Liver Tumor Risks (16%), MR Imaging (22%), Liver Tumor Prevention (16%) and Liver Tumor Therapy (18%). The results presented in the current work can be further used to construct a surgical planning platform. Conclusions: Also we give some directions about the technologies and this can be useful for the researches to develop a new technology for the detection of Hepatocellular Carcinoma.
ABSTRACT
Objective To construct the murine IL-21 (mIL-21) tumor vaccine modified by glyco-syl phosphafidylinositol(GPI), and to evaluate its anti-tumor effect and mechanisms. Methods The IL-21-GPI gene was acquired by overlap PCR and inserted into PeDNA3.1. The recombinant plnsmid pcDNA3.1/ IL-21-GPI was transformed into cell B16F10, and the expression of mIL-21 on cell membrane was deter-mined by cell indirect immumofluorescence and flow cytometry (FCM). The bioactivity of mIL-21 was iden-tiffed according to its effects on the proliferation of mouse spleen cells. The anti-tumor effect was evaluated depending on the tumor size and the survival of tumor-beating mice after the tumor vaccine was inoculated into C57BL/6 mice. And the activity of cell-mediated immunity in immunized mice was detected at the same time. Results The recombinant plasmid pcDNA3.1/IL-21-GPI was correctly constructed, which could ex-press mIL-21 binding the membrane with good bioactivity. The vaccine had good anti-tumor effect, and the cell-mediated immunity had been improved in immunized mice. Conclusion The GPI modified mIL-21 tumor vaccine with anti-tumor activity was constructed successfully, which provided a good foundation for studying anti-tumor immunity and therapy in future.
ABSTRACT
Objective To construct a recombinant eukaryotic expression plasmid of glycosylphosphatidyl inositol(GPI)-anchored bcr/abl and explore its expression at mRNA and protein level.Methods The gene fragment encoding bcr/abl was amplified by PCR using the plasmid containing the cDNA sequence of P210 as template and then inserted into a eukaryotic expression vector pBudCE4.1.The constructed recombinant plasmid pBudCE4.1-bcr/abl was identified by restriction analysis and DNA sequencing.Lymphocytes were isolated from human peripheral blood and their total RNA was extracted.The gene fragment encoding GPI was amplified by RT-PCR using the obtained RNA as template and was inserted into the constructed recombinant plasmid pBudCE4.1-bcr/abl in order to anchor GPI and bcr/abl.The constructed recombinant plasmid pBudCE4.1-bcr/abl-GPI was transfected into COS-7 cells,and the expressions of objective fragment were detected by RT-PCR and Western blotting.Results The results of restriction analysis,PCR and DNA sequencing proved that GPI-anchored bcr/abl fusion fragment was correctly inserted into vector pBudCE4.1.The expression of bcr/abl fusion gene and fusion protein were identified in transfected COS-7 cells and on their membrane.Conclusion The recombinant plasmid pBudCE4.1-bcr/abl-GPI was successfully constructed and expressed on the membrane of COS-7 cells,which found a basis of cell immunity with GPI-anchored bcr/abl fusion gene.