ABSTRACT
Aim To evaluate the hypolipidemic effect of the total phenylpropanoid glycosides extracted from Ligustrum robustum (Roxb.) Blume (LRTPG) on hyperlipidemic golden hamsters and explore its regulatory effect on intestinal flora. Methods Sixty hamsters were randomly divided into a control group, a model group, a positive drug group, LRTPG-L group, LRTPG-M group, and LRTPG-H group. After the successful induction of the model by high-fat diet, the animals were continuously administered for four weeks, and their blood lipids and liver lipids were detected. The formed feces from the colorectal region of the hamsters in the control group, model group and LRTPG-H group were collected for 16S rDNA sequencing. Results LRTPG reduced serum TG, TC, LDL-C and liver TG, TC concentrations significantly in hyperlipidemic hamsters. The results of the intestinal microbiota sequencing showed that compared to the control group, LRTPG significantly decreased the relative abundance of the phylum Firmicutes and increased the relative abundance of the phylum Bacteroidetes and Verrucomicrobia (P < 0.01) at the phylum level. At the family level, LRTPG significantly increased the relative abundance of Christensenellaceae, Peptococcaceae, and Verrucomicrobiaceae (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). At the genus level, LRTPG significantly increased the relative abundance of Oscillospira, Oscillibacter, Flavonifractor and Akkermansiaceae (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). These changes in the flora were beneficial to the hypolipidemic effect of LRTPG. Conclusion LRTPG may exert its hypolipidemic effect by improving the intestinal flora disorder caused by a high-fat diet in golden hamsters.
ABSTRACT
This investigation was performed with the purpose of researching the influence of pizza containing dried golden berry fruits (DGBF) at different doses against carbon tetrachloride - induced hepatotoxicity in rats. The study shows phenols content of golden berry. 25 male rats were used in the biological investigation. Rats were divided into five groups (5 rats in group) the investigation was 12 weeks. The first group (negative group) was given a basal diet and the second group (G2, G3, G4, and G5) was injected intramuscularly with carbon tetrachloride 2 ml/kg BW (50% v/v in liquid paraffin) weekly to induce hepatotoxicity. After the injury, group G3, G4 and G5 fed on 50% basal diet supplemented with 50%pizza containing 5, 10 and 15% DGBF. Findings indicate that DGBF had a high antioxidant activity, total phenol, flavonoids, ascorbic acid and carotenoids content. Rats fed 50% pizza containing (5,10 and 15%) DGBF had a lower serum total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, triglyceride, urea, uric acid, creatinine, GOT, GPT, MDA and SOD compared to rats fed simply the basal diet (positive control). The DGBF was added to the pizza with different proportions, and its sensory properties were evaluated, and all proportions were proper to the panelists, compared to the control. The findings of this work suggest that golden berries could be used to treat and prevent hepatotoxicity patients.
ABSTRACT
This paper explored the relationship between systemic lupus erythematosus （SLE） and yin-yang toxins based on the discussion of yin-yang toxin in Synopsis of the Golden Chamber （《金匮要略》）， and found that the two are similar in symptoms， and there is a potential relationship between adverse prognosis factors； and the idea that early treatment of SLE can improve prognosis is in accordance with the opinion in traditional Chinese medicine claiming that yin-yang toxin should be diagnosed and treated as soon as possible. Therefore， it is proposed to take yin-yang as general and toxin pathogen as key to explain the pathogenesis， use yin-yang toxin theory for guidance， discuss on the treatment of SLE around the pathological elements including “toxin， heat， stasis”， and take into account of the kidney essence. Accordingly， Shengma Biejia Decoction （升麻鳖甲汤） is recommended as the basic formula with modifications in accordance with different syndromes in staged treatment， providing reference for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of SLE.
ABSTRACT
Based on the virtual simulation of "digital embryo" in the digital teaching platform for medical morphology, this study constructs the course resources of human embryology by integrating the contents of the course, recording micro-videos, formulating course guides, and analyzing clinical cases, then implements the blended teaching model of pre-class preview, in-class discussion, and after-class expansion, and establishes a course evaluation system combining formative assessment and end-of-course assessment. Comparison of assessment scores and satisfaction questionnaire between traditional off-line teaching and blended teaching showed a significant improvement in total score, and more than 5% of the students reported a significant reduction in the difficulty of the course, while the degree of satisfaction with the course was increased by 11%. This suggests that the establishment of the blended teaching model of human embryology meets the requirements for personalized and diversified learning among students, realizes the diversity of teaching methods and teaching evaluation, and improves the quality of teaching.
ABSTRACT
The "golden hour" strategy is an important measure to improve the short-term and long-term prognosis of neonates.It refers to optimizing interventions within one hour after birth, including neonatal resuscitation, transportation and early active treatment measures.Preterm birth and its complications are one of the main causes of neonatal death.Studies about "golden hour" strategy in premature infants have confirmed that it can increase the early stability, reduce complications and improve prognosis of preterm infants.This article reviews recent progress of "golden hour" in preterm infants and provide more information about quality improvement in premature infants care.
ABSTRACT
Huangtu Decoction, first recorded in Essentials from the Golden Cabinet(Jin Kui Yao Lue) from ZHANG Zhong-jing in Han dynasty, is used to treat distal bleeding. It is mainly treated for the syndrome of failing to control blood with spleen-yang deficiency. The connotation of distal bleeding is more extensive, including not only upper gastrointestinal bleeding in the traditional sense such as peptic ulcer bleeding, gastrointestinal tumors, gastric mucosal lesions, vascular dysplasia, esophagogastric variceal bleeding, and pancreatic and biliary tract injury, but also other anorectal diseases such as part colon and rectal cancer swelling or polyps, hemorrhoids, and anal fissure and other parts of bleeding such as epistaxis, thrombocytopenia, functional uterine bleeding, threatened abortion, and unexplained hematuria. Distal bleeding also involves syndromes of failing to keep part deficient and cold fluids in interior, such as nocturia, enuresis, clear nose, sweating, cold tears, and leucorrhea, and excessive gastrointestinal bleeding caused by anti-plate and anticoagulant drugs, unexplained positive in the fecal occult blood test, and other modern clinical new problems. The indications of Huangtu Decoction include not only lower blood, defecation before blood, distant blood, hematemesis, epistaxis, and other diseases in traditional Chinese medicine, but also three types of clinical manifestations including bleeding, deficiency syndrome, and stagnant heat syndrome. In the clinic, Huangtu Decoction can be used to treat acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding, acute coronary syndrome complicated with acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding, bleeding events caused by excessive antiplatelet and anticoagulant drugs, unexplained positive in the fecal occult blood test, gastrointestinal tumor with bleeding, thrombocytopenia, and other acute and critical diseases. The dosage of Cooking Stove Earthkey, Rehmanniae Radix, and Asini Corii Colla in Huangtu Decoction is the key to hemostasis.
Subject(s)
Humans , Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage/drug therapy , Acute Coronary Syndrome , Epistaxis , Esophageal and Gastric Varices , Anticoagulants , Thrombocytopenia , Critical CareABSTRACT
ObjectiveTo systematically review the ancient and modern literature about Maimendongtang, so as to provide a scientific basis for the modern clinical application and preparation research and development of Maimendongtang. MethodThe Chinese Medical Code (version 5) was searched with "Maimendongtang" as the keyword. The modern clinical studies of Maimendongtang were retrieved from CNKI with “Maimendongtang” as the keyword and the time interval from January 1, 1975 to December 31, 2022. The articles involving the main symptoms, herb composition, dosage, and decocting and medication methods of Maimendongtang were selected and screened according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Finally, the information including the book name, indications, herbs, dosage, and decocting and medication methods were included to summarize the ancient and modern application of Maimendongtang. ResultA total of 357 publications of Maimendongtang were included, involving 115 ancient books. Maimendongtang was first published in the Synopsis of the Golden Chamber by ZHANG Zhongjing in the Han dynasty. It is composed of Ophiopogonis Radix, Pinelliae Rhizoma, Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma, Semen Oryzae Sativae, Jujubae Fructus, and Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma. Despite the slight changes during the inheritance by later generations, the indications, herb composition, dosage, and decocting and medication methods of this formula were generally consistent with those in the Synopsis of the Golden Chamber. A total of 182 modern articles were included to analyze the clinical application of Maimendongtang. This formula was mainly used to treat respiratory system diseases, digestive system diseases, tumor-related diseases, etc. ConclusionAccording to the textual research on the ancient and modern literature, the composition, dosage, indications, and decocting and medication methods of Maimendongtang are basically consistent with those recorded in the Synopsis of the Golden Chamber. The modern clinical application not only follows the main indications but also expands the clinical application scope of this formula, which is mainly used to treat patients with the syndrome of yin deficiency of lung and stomach. The modern clinical application of Maimendongtang has promoted the inheritance and innovation of classic famous prescriptions and provided a scientific basis for the drug research and development.
ABSTRACT
The classic formula Guizhi Shaoyao Zhimutang, listed as the 15th formula in the Catalog of Ancient Classic Formulas (First Batch) published in 2018, originated from Synopsis of the Golden Chamber （《金匮要略》） written by ZHANG Zhongjing in the Eastern Han Dynasty. It consists of Cinnamomi Ramulus, Ephedrae Herba, Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata, Anemarrhenae Rhizoma, Paeoniae Radix Alba, Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma, Saposhnikoviae Radix, Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens, and Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, and is effective in dispelling wind, eliminating dampness, dispersing cold, relieving impediment, nourishing Yin, and clearing heat. It is mainly used to treat diseases characterized by wind, cold, and dampness invading the body, combined with heat damaging Yin, such as joint disorders, rheumatism, gout, and knee osteoarthritis. Based on the call for "inheritance of essence and application of ancient knowledge for modern use", this study conducted a comprehensive analysis of historical evolution, composition, formulation principles, processing, dosage, decocting methods, and indications of Guizhi Shaoyao Zhimutang using textual research on ancient and modern literature. When analyzing modern literature, it has been found that this formula is widely used in the treatment of various diseases. It is mainly applied to rheumatic diseases such as rheumatism, rheumatoid arthritis, gout, gouty arthritis, and psoriatic arthritis, as well as orthopedic diseases like knee osteoarthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, sciatica, and knee joint effusion. It can also be used for diseases in other systems, including the endocrine system, gynecology, respiratory system, and circulatory system. The pathological mechanisms involve the invasion of wind, cold, and dampness accompanied by heat pathogens, reflecting the concept of treating different diseases with the same principles in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). Through the analysis of ancient and modern literature on Guizhi Shaoyao Zhimutang using a literature statistical method, the historical evolution and key formula and syndrome information were clarified to provide a theoretical basis for the development and further research of Guizhi Shaoyao Zhimutang in terms of its formulation and subsequent in-depth studies.
ABSTRACT
ObjectiveTo investigate the mechanism of Renshentang， recorded in Synopsis of Golden Chamber， in the treatment of atherosclerosis （AS） based on the autophagic effect of transient receptor potential vanilloid subtype 1 （TRPV1） on arterial smooth muscle. MethodFourteen SPF-grade 8-week-old male C57BL/6J mice were assigned to the normal group and 70 8-week-old apolipoprotein E knockout （ApoE-/-） mice were assigned to the experimental group. The AS model was induced by a high-fat diet in the mice in the experimental group for eight weeks. The model mice were then randomly divided into model group， low-， medium-， and high-dose Renshentang groups （2.715， 5.43， and 10.68 g·kg-1·d-1）， and simvastatin group （0.02 g·kg-1·d-1）. Drug treatment lasted eight weeks. Serum was taken and serum total cholesterol （CHO）， triglyceride （TG）， low-density lipoprotein cholesterol （LDL-C）， and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol （HDL-C） levels were measured by assay kits to observe the changes in lipid levels in mice. The aorta was stained with hematoxylin-eosin （HE） to observe the overall pathology of the aortic root and oil red O staining was used to detect the lipid deposition in the aortic plaque and calculate the percentage of the aortic root area to the lumen area. The protein expression of TRPV1， adenylate-activated protein kinase （AMPK）， phosphorylated AMPK （p-AMPK）， autophagy effector-1 （Beclin-1）， and microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 （LC3Ⅱ） in mouse aortic tissues was determined by Western blot. ResultCompared with the normal group， the model group showed increased serum CHO， TG， and LDL-C levels， decreased HDL-C， and increased aortic root plaque area （P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， the Renshentang groups showed decreased levels of CHO， TG， and LDL-C in serum （P<0.05， P<0.01）， especially in the low- and medium-dose Renshentang groups （P<0.01）. Compared with the normal group， the simvastatin group and the Renshentang groups showed reduced aortic root plaque area （P<0.05）， especially in the high-dose Renshentang group （P<0.01）. Compared with the normal group， the model group showed decreased relative expression levels of TRPV1， p-AMPK/AMPK， Beclin-1， and LC3Ⅱ/LC3Ⅰ（P<0.05， P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， the medium- and high-dose Renshentang groups showed increased relative expression levels of TRPV1， p-AMPK/AMPK， Beclin-1， and LC3Ⅱ/LC3Ⅰ（P<0.05，P<0.01）. ConclusionThe anti-AS effect of Renshentang recorded in Synopsis of Golden Chamber may be achieved by up-regulating TRPV1 expression to restore the level of autophagy mediated by AMPK.
ABSTRACT
Cassia fistula Linn, a paramount medicinal plant consumed by huge population all over the world. Its bioactive metabolites include flavonoids, phenolics, and polyphenols. Major objective of current study is to find right media combination and age of callus for maximum accumulation of free flavonoids in Cassia fistula cultures. In this study, the calli were induced in MS + 1.0mg/L 2,4-D + 0.05 mg/L BAP with 50 mg/L ascorbic acid. These calli were then transferred to basic MS medium with 1.0 mg/L2,4,5-T and varied BAP concentrations. Four and 8 weeks old calli were used to find out the right concentration of BAP and age for upscaling of free flavonoids. The samples were extracted and HPTLC analyzed for free flavonoids at 260 nm along with the leaf explants. The study revealed that the amount and number of free flavonoids in 4 weeks old calli increased as the amount of cytokinin (0.5 to 1.0 mg/L BAP) increased but decline with further addition of BAP (2.0 mg/L BAP). In aged calli number and amount of free flavonoids exhibit a tremendous increase when compared to the calli in the same medium at 4 weeks. This is inferred that accruing age of callus, reduced quantities of plantgrowth regulators (optimized for callus growth) accumulate free flavonoids. The best medium for free flavonoid production is MS+ 1.0 mg/L 2,4,5-T with 1.0 mg/L BAP may be recommended for producing a high amount of free flavonoids in C. fistula in vitro.The results were justified with the results of quantification.
ABSTRACT
SUMMARY: The foramen magnum (FM) is a transition zone between the spine and skull. There is a study in the literature showing the golden ratio (4.62) and harmony between both FM and the anteroposterior and transverse diameters of the skull. The aim of this study is to examine the existence of this ratio on CT images and to investigate whether this ratio changes according to the FM shape types. In this study, 402 adult CT images belonging to the Turkish population were examined. Maximum cranial length (MCL), maximum cranial width (MCW) and the FM length (FML) and FM width (FMW) were measured. The different shapes of the FM were macroscopically classified. The number and incidence of each type in the studied skull was registered. In the 402 CT images used in the study, 12 FM shapes were detected. Three of the shape types observed in our study have not been reported in the literature until now, and were found in our study for the first time. In addition, our data supported that by using the ratio of 4.62, there was a great harmony between the skull and FM. The results obtained from the research show that there is a ratio of 4.62 between the basic cranial measurements and FM dimensions in all shapes except triangular shape. It is thought that repeating the calculated coefficients over more different FM shapes will contribute to the effectiveness of the proposed golden ratio.
RESUMEN: El foramen magno (FM) es una zona de transición entre la columna y el cráneo. Existe un estudio en la literatura que muestra la proporción áurea (4,62) y la armonía entre el FM y los diámetros anteroposterior y transversal del cráneo. El objetivo de este estudio fue examinar la existencia de esta relación en las imágenes de TC e investigar si esta relación cambia según los tipos de forma del FM. Se examinaron 402 imágenes de TC de adultos pertenecientes a la población turca. Se midieron la longitud craneal máxima, el ancho craneal máximo y la longitud del FM y la anchura del FM. Las diferentes formas del FM se clasificaron macroscópicamente. Se registró el número e incidencia de cada tipo en el cráneo estudiado. En las 402 imágenes de TC utilizadas en el estudio, se detectaron 12 formas de FM. Tres de los tipos de formas observados en nuestro estudio no se han reportado en la literatura consultada describiéndose por primera vez. Además, nuestros datos respaldaron que al usar la proporción de 4,62, había una armonía importante entre el cráneo y el FM. Los resultados obtenidos de la investigación muestran que existe una relación de 4,62 entre las medidas craneales básicas y las dimensiones de la FM en todas las formas excepto en la triangular. Se cree que la repetición de los coeficientes calculados en más formas de FM diferentes contribuirá a la eficacia de la proporción áurea propuesta.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Tomography, X-Ray Computed , Foramen Magnum/diagnostic imaging , Turkey , Cephalometry , Foramen Magnum/anatomy & histologyABSTRACT
Kidney stone, also known as calcium oxalate nephrolithiasis, is one of the most common diseases worldwide. Calculi usually forms when urine becomes supersaturated with particular calcium salts such as calcium oxalate. In the present study, we investigated the ameliorative potential of the root extract of the Common golden thistle, Scolymus hispanicus L. (SH) on rats with ethylene glycol (EG) induced kidney stone disease. Sprague-Dawley rats, each weighing 250-300 g, were divided into three groups (n=6 per group): (i) Control (C); (ii) EG; and (iii) EG+SH. To induce nephrolithiasis, the rats received 1% of EG with drinking water, while the C group received normal drinking water during the study. SH extract 2 g/kg was added to the treatment from the 4th week onwards in EG+SH group. At the end of each experiment, rats were decapacitated and serum levels of calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, creatinine, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were assessed in all groups at 0, 4, and 8 weeks. Oxalic acid and creatininelevels were measured in urine samples collected at 24 h in metabolic cages. Renal tissues were evaluated histopathologically at the end of the experiment. After 8 weeks, serum creatinine levels were found decreased in the SH group while increased in the EG group. Serum magnesium and AST levels were also found decreased in the EG group, however, SH treatment reversed these values. The SH treatment also increased urinary oxalic acid levels. When the kidney tissue of EG group was examined, there was a high level of crystal/stone, especially in the renal cortex. In kidney tissues of the SH group, only small amounts of crystal/stone were observed. Our experimental findings have demonstrated the ameliorative potential of the aqueous extracts of S. hispanicus roots and shells on EG-induced in the kidney stones in rats. Isolation of active compounds of SH would be desirable to understand the biochemical mechanism behind the process better.
ABSTRACT
Objective:To discuss the practice and application of "artificial intelligence + big data" in the construction of thoracic surgery golden course.Methods:The intern students of the Department of Thoracic Surgery in Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital were selected as the research objects, and they were randomly divided into 2 groups with 36 cases in each group. The control group was taught with regular courses, and the observation group was taught by the golden course system under "artificial intelligence + big data". After the course, self-made assessment forms were used to assess the academic performance (theoretical knowledge assessment results and skill operation assessment results) of the two groups of medical students. The excellent and good rate of knowledge mastery and the mastery of clinical operation techniques were scored by the teachers, and the evaluation was made from the aspects of learning attitude, the mastery degree of theoretical knowledge and clinical operational techniques, etc. In addition, self-made innovative thinking ability scale was used to assess the medical students. SPSS 22.0 was used for independent samples t test and chi-square test. Results:There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups of theoretical knowledge assessment scores and skill operation assessment scores before the teaching; after the course, the theoretical knowledge assessment scores and skill operation assessment scores of the control group were higher than those before the teaching, with statistically significant differences ( t=5.37, 4.17, P<0.05). After the course, the theoretical knowledge assessment scores and skill operation assessment scores of the observation group were higher than those before the teaching, with significant differences ( t=10.93, 8.24, P<0.05). The results of theoretical knowledge assessment and skill operation assessment in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group after the course ( t=7.10, 5.77, P<0.05). In the control group, 17 cases were excellent in knowledge mastery, accounting for 47.22%, and the rate of knowledge mastery was 83.33% (30/36); in the observation group, 26 cases were excellent in knowledge mastery, accounting for 72.22%, and the excellent and good rate of knowledge mastery was 100% (36/36), and the difference was statistically significant ( χ2=4.55, P=0.033). After the course, the innovative thinking ability of the control group was higher than that before the teaching, the innovative thinking ability of the observation group was higher than that before the teaching, and the innovative thinking ability of the observation group was higher than that of the control group, and the difference was statistically significant ( t=7.07, P<0.001). Conclusion:The use of the "artificial intelligence + big data" golden course to build a teaching system can improve the academic performance, knowledge mastery and innovative thinking ability of medical students.
ABSTRACT
In order to cultivate talents who fuel and lead medical innovation, it is critical to implement medical English writing "Golden Course" in the substantial development of English teaching in medical universities. Based on the guidelines issued by the Ministry of Education, this paper proposes five principles in the construction of medical English writing "Golden Course", suggests the integration of big data technology, and explores approaches to construct "Golden Course" in terms of teaching objectives, curriculum design, models of instruction, curriculum evaluation and teaching staff.
ABSTRACT
Objective:To explore the effect of correcting atrophic and loose breast in women with golden section theory and minimally invasive suspension and silicone prosthesis through areola incision.Methods:A total of 126 female patients with postpartum breast atrophy and ptosis were enrolled in Nanjing Kangmei and Changsha Aiste Medical Beauty Hospital from March 2012 to March 2019. The 126 cases, aged from 25 to 46 years, had a history of 2 to 16 years. The glandular suspension was performed after the implantation of the prosthesis through the incision above the areola according to the golden section.Results:A total of 252 breasts were followed up for 6 to 84 months. No severe complications such as scar, infection or skin necrosis occurred. Among them, 69 cases were very satisfied, 45 cases were satisfied, and 12 cases were basically satisfied. The satisfactory rate was 90.4%.Conclusions:This method is effective with small wound and less complications for micromastia patients with mild to moderate mastoptosis, which is worthy of clinical application.
ABSTRACT
Objective:To explore the implementation method of case teaching in pharmacology teaching according to the standards of golden course.Methods:The students from Batch 2017 clinical medical students in our university were selected as the research objects, and randomized into the control group ( n=121) and the case teaching group ( n=171). The control group used online learning and traditional lecture, and the case teaching group adopted the online teaching and case teaching methods. And the teaching effect was evaluated by questionnaire survey and final performance analysis. Results:Compared with control group, the case teaching group had better final performance ( P<0.01). The questionnaire survey showed that the case teaching improved the learning interest of students and also enhanced their application ability of the knowledge ( P<0.01 or P<0.05). Conclusion:Case teaching has achieved good teaching effect in pharmacology teaching.
ABSTRACT
Aims@#Expression of recombinant proteins across a range of different host organisms has profound contribution to the advancement in biotechnology. In this study, we aimed to construct a highly versatile broad host range (BHR) expression vector, designated as pYL101C.@*Methodology and results@#The Golden Gate cloning approach was used to construct pYL101C. Key features of pYL101C include a strong integron promoter (PINTc), a BHR pBBR1 origin of replication (ori), gentamycin resistance gene (GmR) as a selectable marker and a multiple cloning site (MCS) downstream of the promoter for easy-cloning purpose. To verify the functionality of pYL101C, we cloned the superfolder green fluorescent protein (sfGFP) reporter gene into pYL101C and transferred the resultant recombinant plasmid pYL101C::sfGFP into various Gram-negative bacteria. Transformants obtained stably expressed strong green fluorescence under blue light excitation even without selection after four passages. @*Conclusion, significance and impact of study@#The constructed BHR expression vector, pYL101C and recombinant pYL101C::sfGFP are stable and can be used to monitor the presence of Gram-negative bacteria, such as endophytes and pathogens in their hosts and environment.
Subject(s)
Host Specificity , Plasmids , Cloning, MolecularABSTRACT
The characteristics of moxibustion of the representative successors of each acupuncture and moxibustion school were analyzed, and the application and inheritance of moxibustion in
Subject(s)
Acupuncture , Acupuncture Therapy , Moxibustion , Prunus domestica , SchoolsABSTRACT
ABSTRACT Background: Since publication of our paper "Ten Golden Rules for a Safe MIS Inguinal Hernia Repair" we have received many questions. As the authors, we feel it is important to address these topics as a follow-up to our paper. Aim: To discuss in more details the main points of controversy, review the rules and update de recommendations. Method: The questions and discussions came mainly over five rules, numbered 3, 5, 6, 7, 10. We analyzed all the comments about recommendations and update some technical principles. Results: Rule 3 - Removing normal fat plugs from the obturator canal is unnecessary and therefore is not recommended; Rule 5 - transection of the uterine round ligament (1 cm proximal to the deep ring) facilitates adequate dissection. When performed in this way it does not appear to be associated with complications; Rule 6 - transection of huge sacs are safer than over-dissection of the cord structures. Whether dissecting completely the sac or abandon the distal part it results in less postoperative seromas is an ongoing debate; Rule 7 - any retroperitoneal structure traversing the internal ring is or play a role like a hernia. Failing to identify and remove the lipoma will ultimately result in the patient experiencing a recurrence; Rule 10 - in TAPP peritoneum should preferably be closed with suture than tackes. Conclusion: 10 Golden Rules emphasize the most important surgical tips and technical steps that allow the safe performance of MIS repairs of inguinal hernias, regardless the technique.
RESUMO Racional: Desde a publicação de nosso artigo "Dez Regras de Ouro para o Reparo Seguro de Hérnia Inguinal MIS", recebemos muitos questionamentos. Como autores, sentimos que é importante abordar esses tópicos como seguimento do artigo Objetivo: Discutir com mais detalhes os principais pontos de controvérsia, revisar as regras e atualizar as recomendações. Método: As dúvidas e discussões surgiram principalmente sobre cinco regras, numeradas 3, 5, 6, 7, 10. Analisamos todos os comentários sobre as recomendações e atualizamos alguns dos princípios técnicos. Resultados: Regra 3 - remoção dos plugs de gordura normais do canal obturador é desnecessária e, portanto, não é recomendada; Regra 5 - transecção do ligamento redondo do útero (1 cm proximal ao anel profundo) facilita a dissecção adequada e quando realizado dessa forma, não parece estar associada com complicações; Regra 6 - transecção de grandes sacos herniários é mais segura do que a dissecção excessiva das estruturas do cordão espermático e, se dissecar completamente o saco ou abandonar a parte distal, resulta em menos seromas pós-operatórios ainda é motivo de debate; Regra 7 - qualquer estrutura retroperitoneal que atravessa o anel interno é ou desempenha o papel como uma hérnia e deixar de identificar e remover o lipoma acabará resultando em recorrência; Regra 10 - na TAPP o peritônio deve ser fechado preferencialmente com sutura do que com tacks. Conclusão: As 10 Regras de Ouro enfatizam as dicas cirúrgicas e etapas técnicas mais importantes que permitem a realização segura de reparos MIS de hérnias inguinais, independentemente da técnica.
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Laparoscopy , Hernia, Inguinal/surgery , Peritoneum , Recurrence , Treatment Outcome , Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures , Dissection , HerniorrhaphyABSTRACT
Abstract: Limnoperna fortunei is an invasive alien species (IAS) that cause serious ecological and economic problems in Brazilian freshwater environments. Due to its high dispersion capacity and the lack of new records in peer-reviewed journals we carried out an extensive survey to update the distribution of L. fortunei in the Brazilian hydrographic basins. We also performed a detailed investigation of its distribution in the Upper Uruguay River basin using a molecular method. We presented new records, showing the invasion in new basins and a wide distribution in the basins previously infested. Additionally, we confirmed that the Upper Uruguay River is fully colonized by the golden mussel, being distributed in the lentic, lotic, and transitional lotic/lentic environments presented in this region. This update is an important tool for the implementation of guidelines and the development of safety protocols and sanitary barriers to avoid the dispersion of this IAS to new environments..
Resumo: Limnoperna fortunei é uma espécie exótica invasora que causa sérios problemas ecológicos e econômicos em ambientes de água doce do Brasil. Devido à sua elevada capacidade de dispersão e à falta de novos registros em publicações científicas, o objetivo deste estudo foi realizar uma extensa pesquisa para entender e alertar sobre o atual cenário de distribuição de L. fortunei nas bacias hidrográficas brasileiras. Também realizamos uma investigação mais detalhada sobre a distribuição da espécie na bacia do Alto Rio Uruguai, utilizando um método molecular. Apresentamos novos registros de ocorrência da espécie, mostrando a invasão em novas bacias e uma ampla distribuição nas bacias anteriormente infestadas. Além disso, confirmamos que o Alto Rio Uruguai está totalmente colonizado pelo mexilhão-dourado, estando distribuído pelos ambientes lênticos, lóticos e de transição existentes na região. Esta atualização se mostra como uma importante ferramenta para a implementação de diretrizes e o desenvolvimento de protocolos de segurança e barreiras sanitárias para evitar a dispersão desta espécie invasora em novos ambientes.