Surgical outcome and safety of peripheral iridectomy plus goniosynechialysis and goniotomy in the treatment of advanced primary angle-closure glaucoma / 中华实验眼科杂志

Objective:To evaluate the preliminary effectiveness and safety of surgical peripheral iridectomy (SPI) combined with goniosynechilysis (GSL) and goniotomy (GT) in the treatment of advanced primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG).Methods:A multicenter observational case series study was performed.Thirty-five eyes of 27 patients with advanced PACG, who underwent SPI+ GSL+ GT with a follow-up of at least 6 months, were included from August 2021 to January 2022 at Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Handan City Eye Hospital, Shijiazhuang People's Hospital, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, and the Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University.The mean follow-up time was 9(7, 10) months.Pre- and post-operative best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and intraocular pressure (IOP) were measured with an ETDRS chart and a Goldmann applanation tonometer, respectively.The number of anti-glaucoma medications applied before and after surgery was recorded, and the complications after surgery were analyzed.Success rate of surgery was calculated.Complete surgical success was defined as an IOP of 5-18 mmHg (1 mmHg=0.133 kPa) and 20% reduction from baseline without anti-glaucoma medication or reoperation.Qualified success was defined as achieving criterion of complete success under anti-glaucoma medications.This study adhered to the Declaration of Helsinki.The study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University (No.2021KYPJ177). Written informed consent was obtained from each subject.Results:The mean preoperative IOP was (30.83±8.87)mmHg, which was significantly decreased to (15.69±3.70)mmHg at 6 months after the surgery ( t=8.588, P<0.001), with a 44.00% (34.78%, 60.00%) decline of 13.00(8.00, 21.00)mmHg.The median number of anti-glaucoma medications was significantly reduced from 2(0, 3) preoperatively to 0 (0, 1) postoperatively ( Z=-3.659, P<0.001). The mean preoperative and postoperative 6-month BCVA were 0.80(0.63, 1.00) and 0.80(0.60, 1.00), respectively, showing no significant difference ( Z=-0.283, P=0.777). Complete surgical success rate was 62.86%(22/35), and the qualified success rate was 91.43%(32/35). Surgical complications mainly included hyphema (6/35), IOP spike (3/35), and shallow anterior chamber (4/35). There was no vision-threatening complication. Conclusions:SPI+ GSL+ GT is preliminarily effective and safe in the treatment of advanced PACG, which provides a new option for PACG.

Expert recommendations of surgical technique for peripheral iridectomy with goniosynechialysis and goniotomy / 中华实验眼科杂志

Minimally invasive glaucoma surgery (MIGS) has been successfully incorporated in clinical practice in recent years.Increasing evidence shows that MIGS also plays an increasingly important role in the treatment of primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG). Surgical peripheral iridectomy (SPI) plus goniosynechialysis (GSL) and goniotomy (GT), as a new procedure, has been proven to be safe and effective in the treatment of PACG with no or mild cataracts.However, there is still a lack of uniform standards for indications, surgical procedures, and perioperative medication.Therefore, it is necessary to formulate a detailed and complete expert recommendations on surgical procedures to standardize the application of combined SPI+ GSL+ GT in the treatment.Some experts in glaucoma treatment and management in China have discussed the current problems and developing trend in MIGS for PACG and put forward the expert recommendations of standard process, including indications, anaesthetic methods, surgical site, operating procedure and rational administration of drugs in perioperation, in order to standardize the medical process of clinicians using combined SPI+ GSL+ GT in PACG treatment and lay a foundation for better evaluation of the efficacy of MIGS.

Expert recommendations of phacoemulsification cataract extraction and intraocular lens implantation combined with goniosynechialysis and goniotomy for advanced PACG with cataract / 中华实验眼科杂志

With high incidence, high disability rate and serious impact on patients' quality of life, advanced primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG) with cataract is a severe eye disease in China and its main treatment method is surgery.Phacoemulsification cataract extraction and intraocular lens implantation (PEI) combined with trabeculectomy has been used to treat advanced PACG with cataract, but there are many postoperative complications.Recently, combined PEI, goniosynechialysis (GSL) and goniotomy (GT) has been proven to be a safe and effective surgical treatment for advanced PACG with cataract.At present, the combined PEI+ GSL+ GT surgery has been widely applied, but there is still a lack of uniform standards for its clinical application.Therefore, it is necessary to formulate a detailed and complete recommendation of the surgical procedures for PEI+ GSL+ GT, to standardize its application in clinical practice.Based on the analysis of the existing problems, some glaucoma experts in China have formulated detailed and complete operation norms, as well as expert recommendations on surgical indications and contraindications, anesthetic methods, surgical techniques and perioperative medication to standardize the application process of PEI+ GSL+ GT in clinical practice.

Phacoemulsification with Kahook Dual Blade goniotomy in eyes with medically treated glaucoma: analysis of surgical outcomes and success predictors / Facoemulsificação combinada à goniotomia com Kahook Dual Blade em olhos com glaucoma tratado clinicamente: análise dos resultados cirúrgicos e preditores de sucesso

ABSTRACT Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the postoperative outcomes and evaluate the success predictors of phacoemulsification with Kahook Dual Blade goniotomy for cataract and glaucoma management in eyes with primary open-angle glaucoma. Methods: This was a retrospective, non-comparative; inter ventional case series in which all patients with primary open-angle glaucoma who underwent phacoemulsification with Kahook Dual Blade goniotomy between June 2018 and April 2019 were enrolled. All the participants had a minimum follow-up period of 6 months. Preoperative and postoperative intraocular pressure values (at 1, 3, and 6 months), number of antiglaucoma medications, best-corrected visual acuity, surgical complications, and any subsequent related events or procedures were recorded. A logistic regression analysis was performed to investigate the association between the different variables and surgical outcomes. Results: A total of 47 patients (57 eyes) were included (mean age, 70.5 ± 7 years). The mean intraocular pressure was reduced from 15.5 ± 4.2 mmHg to 12.2 ± 2.4 mmHg at the last follow-up visit (p<0.001). The mean number of antiglaucoma medications decreased significantly from 1.9 ± 1.0 to 0.6 ± 1.0 during the same period (p<0.001). On the basis of the predefined criterion (intraocular pressure reduction ≥20% and/or reduction ≥1 medication), the 6-month success rate was 86%. A higher preoperative intraocular pressure value (odds ratio [OR]= 2.01; p=0.016) and greater percentage of initial (30 days) intraocular pressure reduction (OR= 1.02; p=0.033) were sig nificantly associated with surgical success. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that phacoemulsification with Kahook Dual Blade goniotomy is an effective and safe alternative for cataract management in eyes with primary open-angle glaucoma that positively impacts intraocular pressure control and medication burden. Eyes with higher baseline intraocular pressure and a more pronounced initial response to the procedure appeared to present better outcomes at 6 months. Further studies are needed to evaluate the long-term efficacy and safety profile of the procedure.

RESUMO Objetivo: Investigar os resultados pós-operatórios e avaliar os preditores de sucesso da facoemulsificação combinada à goniotomia com o Kahook Dual Blade para o tratamento da catarata e do glaucoma em olhos com glaucoma primário de ângulo aberto. Métodos: Série de casos retrospectivos, não comparativos e intervencionistas, em que todos os pacientes com glaucoma primário de ângulo aberto submetidos ao procedimento de facoemulsificação combinada à goniotomia com o Kahook Dual Blade entre junho de 2018 e abril de 2019 foram inscritos. Todos os participantes tiveram um acompanhamento mínimo de 6 meses. Foram registrados os valores de pressão intraocular pré e pós-operatória (em 1, 3 e 6 meses), número de medicamentos antiglaucomatosos, melhor acuidade visual corrigida, complicações cirúrgicas e quaisquer eventos ou procedimentos subsequentes relacionados. A análise de regressão logística foi usada para investigar a associação entre diferentes variáveis e resultados cirúrgicos. Resultados: Um total de 57 olhos de 47 pacientes foram incluídos (média de idade, 70,5 ± 7 anos). A pressão intraocular média reduziu de 15,5 ± 4,2 mmHg para 12,2 ± 2,4 mmHg na última visita de acompanhamento (p<0,001). O número médio de medicamentos antiglaucomatosos diminuiu significativamente de 1,9 ± 1,0 para 0,6 ± 1,0 durante o mesmo período (p<0,001). Com base no critério predefinido (redução da pressão intraocular ≥20% e/ou redução de ≥1 medicamento), a taxa de sucesso em 6 meses foi de 86%. Um valor de pressão intraocular pré-operatório mais alto (OR= 2,01; p=0,016) e maior porcentagem de redução da pressão intraocular inicial (30 dias) (OR= 1,02; p=0,033) foram significativamente associados ao sucesso cirúrgico. Conclusão: Nossos resultados sugerem que o procedimento de facoemulsificação combinada à goniotomia com o Kahook Dual Blade é uma alternativa eficaz e segura para o manejo da catarata em olhos com glaucoma primário de ângulo aberto, impactando positivamente no controle da pressão intraocular e no número de medicamentos. Olhos com pressão intraocular basal mais alta e resposta inicial mais pronunciada ao procedimento parecem apresentar melhores resultados em 6 meses. Mais estudos são necessários para avaliar a eficácia em longo prazo e o perfil de segurança.

Six-month outcomes of combined conventional needle goniotomy and phacoemulsification in eyes with early to moderate primary open-angle and pseudoexfoliation glaucoma and ocular hypertension

Purpose: Angle?based surgeries for the treatment of open?angle glaucoma have gained popularity in recent years. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of combined phacoemulsification and goniotomy in primary open?angle and pseudoexfoliation glaucoma (POAG and PXG) and ocular hypertension (OHTN). Methods: In this interventional case series in the setting of the Glaucoma Service at the Farabi Eye Hospital, 32 eyes of 30 patients with early?to?moderate POAG and PXG and OHTN were enrolled. All eyes underwent combined phacoemulsification and needle goniotomy. Intraocular pressure (IOP) and the number of antiglaucoma medications as well as demographic data were recorded at baseline and one day, one week, one month, three months, and six months after the surgery. Generalized Estimating Equation (GEE) was used to compare the values of IOP and the number of medications at different time points. Kaplan–Meier graph was used to demonstrate the survival status of the eyes. Results: Mean IOP at baseline was 21.8 ± 4.6 mmHg on mean 1.2 ± 1.5 topical medications. There was a 25.2% (16.3 ± 4.5 mmHg) and 32.1% (14.8 ± 3.9 mmHg) reduction in IOP at three and six months after procedure, respectively (P < 0.001). Meanwhile, the decline in medications was 66.7% (0.4 ± 0.9) and 50.0% (0.6 ± 1.1) at the same time points (P = 0.002 and P = 0.048, respectively). Post?operative complications were clot hyphema (n = 1, 3.1%), fibrinous inflammation (n = 1, 3.1%) and distorted pupil (n = 2, 6.3%). Conclusion: Combined phacoemulsification and needle goniotomy as a procedure for mild and moderate POAG and PXG and OHTN is as effective as other modified goniotomies in the setting of minimally invasive glaucoma surgeries (MIGS)

Outcomes and safety of phacoemulsification combined with intraocular lens implantation plus goniosynechialysis and goniotomy for advanced primary angle-closure glaucoma / 中华实验眼科杂志

Objective:To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of phacoemulsification cataract extraction combined with intraocular lens implantation (PEI) plus goniosynechilysis (GSL) and goniotomy (GT) for advanced primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG).Methods:An observational case series study was performed.Fifty eyes of 50 patients with advanced PACG were enrolled in Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center from August 2020 to June 2021.All the patients received PEI+ GSL+ GT and were followed up for over 6 months, with a mean follow-up of 7.5 (6, 10) months.Intraocular pressure (IOP) was measured with a Goldmann applanation tonometer.Best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was examined with an ETDRS chart and converted to logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (LogMAR) units for analysis.Types and number of anti-glaucoma medications applied before and after surgery, and the surgical complications were collected.Success rate of surgery was calculated.Complete surgical success was defined as an IOP of 5-18 mmHg (1 mmHg=0.133 kPa) with a reduction of 20% from baseline without anti-glaucoma medication, no vision-threatening complications, no loss of light perception, and no reoperation.Qualified success was defined as an IOP of 5-18 mmHg with a reduction of 20% from baseline with or without anti-glaucoma medication, no vision-threatening complications, no loss of light perception, and no reoperation.This study adhered to the Declaration of Helsinki.This research protocol was approved by an Ethics Committee of Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center (No.2021KYPJ177). Written informed consent was obtained from each subject before entering the cohort.Results:The mean preoperative IOP was (28.81±7.81)mmHg, and the IOP at the end of follow-up was (13.41±4.10)mmHg, showing a statistically significant decrease ( t=12.260, P<0.001). The postoperative IOP was decreased by 13.80 (9.10, 19.40)mmHg, with a percentage decrease of 51.1% (38.6%, 67.1%). The mean preoperative and postoperative BCVA was (0.92±0.11) LogMAR and (0.88±0.10) LogMAR, respectively, and no significant difference was found ( t=-0.560, P=0.580). The number of anti-glaucoma medications was reduced from 2 (1, 3) before operation to 0 (0, 0) after operation.The complete success rate of surgery was 80% (40/50), and the qualified success rate was 94% (47/50). Surgical complications mainly included hyphema in 7 eyes, IOP spike in 7 eyes, and corneal edema in 3 eyes.No vision-threatening complication occurred. Conclusions:PEI+ GSL+ GT is preliminarily effective and safe for advanced PACG by reducing IOP and application of anti-glaucoma medications with few complications.

Trabéculo-trabeculectomía como tratamiento quirúrgico inicial del glaucoma congénito primario / Trabeculotomy-trabeculectomy as initial surgical treatment for primary congenital glaucoma

El glaucoma congénito primario constituye la forma más común de glaucoma infantil, el cual exige un diagnóstico precoz y un tratamiento quirúrgico relativamente urgente, ya que puede ocasionar graves secuelas morfológicas y funcionales. Se presenta la realización, por primera ocasión, de la trabéculo-trabeculectomía combinada en la República Democrática y Popular de Argelia. Se ejecutó en un paciente árabe, de un año de edad, a quien se le diagnosticó el glaucoma congénito primario II. Se evaluó el seguimiento posoperatorio con resultados satisfactorios, por lo que se consideró la trabéculo-trabeculectomía como el proceder quirúrgico efectivo y suficientemente seguro, el cual debe ser realizado por un personal calificado para poder admitirse como primera opción en el tratamiento quirúrgico del glaucoma congénito primario(AU)

Primary congenital glaucoma is the most common form of childhood glaucoma. This condition requires early diagnosis and relatively urgent surgical treatment, since it may leave serious morphological and functional sequelae. A description is provided of the first combined trabeculotomy-trabeculectomy performed in the People's Democratic Republic of Algeria. The operation was performed on a male one-year-old Arab patient diagnosed with primary congenital glaucoma II. Post-operative follow-up found satisfactory results, and trabeculotomy-trabeculectomy was thus considered to be an effective, sufficiently safe surgical procedure, which should be performed by qualified personnel to be accepted as the first surgical treatment option for primary congenital glaucoma(AU)

Update on congenital glaucoma.

Congenital glaucoma is a global problem and poses a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge to the ophthalmologist. A detailed evaluation under general anesthesia is advisable to establish the diagnosis and plan for management. Medical therapy has a limited role and surgery remains the primary therapeutic modality. While goniotomy or trabeculotomy ab externo is valuable in the management of congenital glaucoma, primary combined trabeculotomy–trabeculectomy offers the best hope of success in advanced cases. Trabeculectomy with antifibrotic agent and glaucoma drainage devices has a role in the management of refractory cases, and cyclodestructive procedures should be reserved for patients where these procedures have failed. Early diagnosis, prompt therapeutic intervention and proper refractive correction are keys to success. Management of residual vision and visual rehabilitation should be an integral part of the management of children with low vision and lifelong follow-up is a must.