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1.
Arq. ciências saúde UNIPAR ; 26(3)set-dez. 2022.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1398995

ABSTRACT

For registration of generic and similar drugs, it is necessary to carry out pharmaceutical equivalence (PE) tests and pharmaceutical bioequivalence (PB). To carry out these tests, duly qualified research centers are contracted, which need to be monitored by the sponsor who is legally responsible for the activities. To this end, it is the recommendation of the Document of the Americas, periodic monitoring to verify compliance with quality requirements, Standard Operating Procedures, Good Clinical Practices (GCP), Good Laboratory Practices (GLP), of the applicable regulatory framework, as well as of compliance with the study protocol. Thus, monitoring is a methodical and documented process to evaluate the degree of adhesion of the center to the planned design for the evaluation of the formulations. To this end, the implementation of a standardized and easily completed guideline is a very important tool to guarantee a consistent evaluation and maintain the organizational memory of the evaluated items by monitors designated by the sponsor, contributing to the constant improvement of the contracted centers and supporting traceability of the studies. This work provided a systemic view of the evidence process related mainly to pharmaceutical bioequivalence, with the monitoring guideline summarizing the items of greatest relevance to be verified.


Para registro de medicamentos genéricos e similares, é necessária a realização de testes de equivalência farmacêutica (EF) e bioequivalência farmacêutica (BF). Para a realização desses testes, são contratados centros de pesquisa devidamente habilitados, que precisam ser monitorados pelo patrocinador legalmente responsável pelas atividades. Há também a recomendação do Documento das Américas de realizar monitoramentos periódicos para verificar o cumprimento dos requisitos de qualidade, Procedimentos Operacionais Padrão, Boas Práticas Clínicas (BPC), Boas Práticas de Laboratório (BPL), de marco regulatório aplicável, bem como de cumprimento do protocolo do estudo. Assim, o monitoramento é um processo metódico e documentado para avaliar o grau de adesão do centro ao desenho planejado para a avaliação das formulações. Para tanto, a implantação de uma diretriz padronizada e de fácil preenchimento é uma ferramenta muito importante para garantir uma avaliação consistente e manter a memória organizacional dos itens avaliados por monitores designados pelo patrocinador, contribuindo para a melhoria constante dos centros contratados e apoiando rastreabilidade dos estudos. Este artigo forneceu uma visão sistêmica do processo de evidência relacionado principalmente à bioequivalência farmacêutica, com a diretriz de monitoramento resumindo os itens de maior relevância a serem verificados.


Para el registro de medicamentos genéricos y similares, es necesario realizar pruebas de equivalencia farmacéutica (EP) y de bioequivalencia farmacéutica (PB). Para llevar a cabo estas pruebas se contratan centros de investigación debidamente cualificados, que deben ser supervisados por el promotor, que es el responsable legal de las actividades. Para ello, es la recomendación del Documento de las Américas, el monitoreo periódico para verificar el cumplimiento de los requisitos de calidad, los Procedimientos Operativos Estándar, las Buenas Prácticas Clínicas (BPC), las Buenas Prácticas de Laboratorio (BPL), del marco regulatorio aplicable, así como del cumplimiento del protocolo del estudio. Así, la monitorización es un proceso metódico y documentado para evaluar el grado de adhesión del centro al diseño previsto para la evaluación de las formulaciones. Para ello, la implantación de una pauta estandarizada y de fácil cumplimentación es una herramienta muy importante para garantizar una evaluación consistente y mantener la memoria organizativa de los elementos evaluados por parte de los monitores designados por el promotor, contribuyendo a la mejora constante de los centros contratados y apoyando la trazabilidad de los estudios. Este trabajo proporcionó una visión sistémica del proceso de evidencia relacionado principalmente con la bioequivalencia farmacéutica, con la pauta de monitoreo que resume los ítems de mayor relevancia a ser verificados.


Subject(s)
Biological Availability , Therapeutic Equivalency , Practice Guideline , Pharmaceutical Preparations , Drugs, Generic , Practice Guidelines as Topic , Brazilian Health Surveillance Agency , Drug Development , Regulatory Frameworks for Health
2.
Rev. cuba. med. mil ; 50(1): e529, 2021. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS, CUMED | ID: biblio-1289500

ABSTRACT

Introducción: En 1967 se estableció, por primera vez, un comité de monitoreo de datos, en un estudio de mortalidad cardiovascular; desde entonces su uso se ha incrementado debido a su valor para garantizar la seguridad de los sujetos participantes en ensayos clínicos y la validez e integridad de los datos. Se realizó una exploración documental de los últimos 20 años, sobre aspectos relacionados con los requisitos de creación y funcionamiento de los comités de monitoreo de datos a nivel mundial, con los objetivos de mostrar el desarrollo alcanzado en el establecimiento de los comités de monitoreo de datos e identificar sus características fundamentales. Desarrollo: Existe un incremento en la producción documental sobre los comités de monitoreo de datos, liderado por angloparlantes de países desarrollados, con franco aumento de publicaciones sobre el tema en el último quinquenio, superior en 50 por ciento a los 15 años anteriores. Este fenómeno lo provoca el auge de la industria farmacéutica y biotecnológica, los altos costos de investigación y desarrollo de medicamentos, la necesidad de introducir nuevos fármacos y el incremento de las exigencias regulatorias. Se describen las características estructurales, requisitos clínicos y metodológicos para el establecimiento de los comités. Conclusiones: Existe alto desarrollo de los comités de monitoreo de datos en los ensayos clínicos, con tendencia al incremento de su uso en los últimos años. Los comités de monitoreo de datos se caracterizan por requerimientos clínicos y metodológicos para su establecimiento(AU)


Introduction: For the first time, in 1967, a data monitoring committee was established in a study of cardiovascular mortality. Since then its use has increased, due to its value to guarantee the safety of subjects participating in clinical trials, the validity and integrity of the data. A documentary exploration of the last 20 years was carried out, on aspects related to the requirements for the creation and operation of data monitoring committees worldwide, with the aim of showing the development achieved in the establishment of data monitoring committees and identify its fundamental characteristics. Development: There is an increase in documentary production on data monitoring committees, led by English speakers from developed countries, with a clear increase in publications on the subject, in the last five-year period, 50% higher than in the previous 15 years. This phenomenon is caused by the rise of the pharmaceutical and biotechnology industry, the high costs of drug research and development, the need to introduce new drugs and the increase in regulatory requirements. The structural characteristics, clinical and methodological requirements for the establishment of the committees are described. Conclusions: There is a high development of data monitoring committees in clinical trials, with a tendency to increase their use in recent years. Data monitoring committees are characterized by clinical and methodological requirements for their establishment(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Environmental Monitoring , Clinical Trials Data Monitoring Committees , Drug Industry , Reference Drugs , Pharmaceutical Preparations , Costs and Cost Analysis
3.
Rev. direito sanit ; 17(2): 66-92, jul.-out. 2016.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-836096

ABSTRACT

Este trabalho possui como objetivo a análise do fornecimento judicial de medicamentos em fase de teste laboratorial, por meio de um estudo comparado dos casos italianos di Bella e Stamina e do caso brasileiro da fosfoetanolamina da Universidade de São Paulo. Para tanto, foram considerados os percursos judiciais dos três casos, as opiniões doutrinárias e repercussões médicas anunciadas pela mídia e pelos órgãos oficiais interessados. Como resultado, observou-se, no Brasil, uma tendência jurisprudencial que desponta, ainda que não confirmada, no sentido de que a realização do direito à saúde não pode prescindir da segurança médica, afastando-se, em princípio, a obrigação do Estado de fornecer tratamentos experimentais por meio de sua rede de saúde. Na Itália, por outro lado, após a experiência judicial e médica negativa decorrente de dois casos emblemáticos, a Corte Constitucional italiana (Corte Costituzionale) parece ter mudado de orientação, no sentido da não obrigação do fornecimento de tratamento experimental por parte do Servizio Sanitario Nazionale. No âmbito das ações com pretensão de curas compassivas, as normas técnicas, representadas pelas boas práticas clínicas, surgem como zíper de união entre o direito, a ciência e a ética.


This paper reports on an analysis of court orders that determine experimental therapies and provides a comparative study of the Italian Di Bella and Stamina cases and the Brazilian Phosphoethanolamine case. The judicial sentences on the three cases were considered, along with their medical outcome and media repercussion. As a result of the comparison, it was observed that the Brazilian Constitutional Court is tending towards the non-recognition of a “right to try”, even though the Court’s official opinion remains to be seen. In Italy, on the other hand, after the negative judicial and medical experience concerning two emblematic cases, the opinion of the Italian Constitutional Court seems to have changed, indicating that the State is no longer forced to provide experimental therapies through the public health system. In the scope of these judicial lawsuits that claim compassionate cures, the technical framework, represented by the good clinical practices guidelines, comes about as the “zipper” that binds together law, science and ethics.


Subject(s)
Ethanolamine/pharmacology , Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice , Health Services , Judicial Decisions , Pharmaceutical Preparations/supply & distribution , Right to Health , Therapies, Investigational , Judiciary , Jurisprudence , Therapeutics
4.
Rev. cuba. salud pública ; 41(2)abr.-jun. 2015. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS, CUMED | ID: lil-744032

ABSTRACT

Introducción: los ensayos clínicos constituyen la piedra angular de la investigación clínica actual. Su número se ha incrementado en los últimos años en Cuba por el desarrollo acelerado de la industria médico-farmacéutica y biotecnológica. Este tipo de investigación requiere que las instituciones donde se ejecutan cuenten con condiciones estructurales que garanticen el cumplimiento de las buenas prácticas clínicas. Objetivos: analizar las dificultades percibidas por expertos para la ejecución de ensayos clínicos en el Sistema Nacional de Salud. Métodos: se realizó una investigación cualitativa de tipo descriptiva entre los meses de febrero-octubre de 2013. Se entrevistaron 15 expertos divididos en dos grupos según función: grupo 1, con 7 diseñadores de protocolos y grupo 2, con 8 investigadores clínicos. La información se analizó y clasificó en unidades de significado y categorías. Resultados: ambos grupos consideraron que la presión asistencial, la falta de estimulación al investigador, escasos recursos materiales y deficiente capacitación de los recursos humanos, constituyeron dificultades significativas. Adicionalmente, los expertos del grupo I señalaron como barrera la poca cantidad de sitios certificados y la lenta aprobación de los ensayos clínicos por los comités de ética. Conclusiones: las dificultades percibidas por ambos grupos de expertos hablan a favor del insuficiente apoyo institucional que tienen los ensayos clínicos, que además no son vistos como una necesidad del Sistema para dar respuesta a problemas de salud(AU)


Introduction: clinical assays are the cornerstone of present clinical research. They have increased in the last few years in Cuba due to the accelerated development of the drug and biotechnological industry. This type of research work requires that institutions where it is performed have adequate structural conditions in place to guarantee the compliance with good clinical practices. Objetives: to analyze the difficulties found by two groups of experts as to the performance of clinical assays in the national healthcare system. Methods: descriptive-type qualitative research study conducted from February to October 2013. Fifteen experts were interviewed and divided into two groups by their type of function: group 1 with 7 protocol designers and group 2 with 8 clinical researchers. The gathered information was analyzed and classified into meaning units and categories. Results:: both groups considered that pressure upon medical assistance, lack of incentives for the researcher, few material resources and poor training of human resources were the most significant difficulties. Additionally, the members of Group I stated that the low number of certified sites and the slow approval of clinical assays by the ethical commissions are barriers to work. Conclusions: the difficulties that both groups of experts found reveal the little support of institutions for the clinical assay performance that is not seen as a need of the health care system to resolve health problems(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic , Qualitative Research , Clinical Studies as Topic/methods , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Cuba
5.
Rev. cuba. salud pública ; 40(4)oct.-dic. 2014.
Article in Spanish | LILACS, CUMED | ID: lil-726998

ABSTRACT

El mundo desarrollado con su creciente competitividad impone aún mayores exigencias en el cumplimiento de los estándares para el registro de los productos médicos y ha comenzado la certificación de los sitios clínicos para la realización de los ensayos clínicos, lo cual le brinda mayor credibilidad a los resultados obtenidos de las investigaciones realizadas en ellos y por ende, le da mayor prestigio y competitividad al producto. El objetivo de este trabajo es mostrar la implementación de un sistema de Buenas Prácticas Clínicas en la ejecución de los ensayos clínicos para la Certificación en Buenas Prácticas Clínicas. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo en el Hospital General Dr Juan Bruno Zayas Alfonso en Santiago de Cuba, entre Junio 2010 y Agosto 2011. La investigación constó de tres momentos y abarcó todas las acciones realizadas durante la implementación. Finalmente se estableció un sistema de Buenas Prácticas Clínicas que resultó en la Certificación del Hospital en Buenas Prácticas Clínicas por parte del Centro para el Control Estatal de Medicamentos, Equipos y Dispositivos Médicos para la realización de ensayos clínicos(AU)


The developed world with its increasing competitiveness imposes even greater demands in meeting the medical product registration standards and certification. According to this, it has begun the certification of the clinical centers conducting clinical trials, which gives more credibility to the results from research carried out there and therefore greater prestige and competitiveness to the product. The objective of this paper was to show the implementation of a Good Clinical Practice system in the performance of clinical trials in order to attain the Certification. A descriptive study was made in Dr Juan Bruno Zayas Alfonso general hospital from June 2010 and August 2011 in Santiago de Cuba province. The research consisted of three stages and included all the actions taken during the implementation. Finally, a Good Clinical Practice system was put in place that allowed the Certification of Good Clinical Practices for conduction of clinical trials to be given to the hospital by the Regulatory Center of State Control of Drugs and Medical Equipment and Devices(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Clinical Trials as Topic , Practice Guidelines as Topic/standards , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Cuba
6.
Rev. cuba. farm ; 48(4)oct.-dic. 2014. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS, CUMED | ID: lil-748774

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCCIÓN: estudios realizados acerca de la prevalencia de la hipertensión arterial en Cuba, muestran valores entre un 20 y un 40 por ciento de la población adulta. En la actualidad se dispone de un amplio arsenal terapéutico para el tratamiento de esta afección y se conocen los criterios higiénico-sanitarios que permiten mantener los niveles arteriales dentro de la normalidad. La falta de adherencia a la pauta terapéutica es común en las enfermedades crónicas. En el caso de la hipertensión arterial, las cifras de no cumplidores alcanzan límites realmente preocupantes, cerca del 40 por ciento para el tratamiento farmacológico y entre el 60-90 por ciento en las medidas higiénico-dietéticas. El incumplimiento hace ineficaz el tratamiento prescripto, lo que ocasiona un aumento de la morbilidad y mortalidad. OBJETIVO: evaluar la adherencia al tratamiento con antipertensivos en una muestra de pacientes hipertensos. MÉTODOS: se realizó un estudio observacional y descriptivo. La muestra estuvo constituida por pacientes de un área de salud del municipio San Miguel del Padrón en La Habana, Cuba. La adherencia se midió empleando el testde Morinsky-Green-Levine, la frecuencia de adquisición del medicamento en farmacia y el control de la presión arterial. Las variables estudiadas fueron edad, sexo, tipo de terapia y adherencia. RESULTADOS: predominaron los pacientes hipertensos del género femenino, del grupo correspondiente a las edades de 70 a 79 años, que emplean la politerapia principalmente. Resultaron adherentes y controlados solo el 30,4 por ciento de los casos estudiados. CONCLUSIONES: se evidencia la necesidad de continuar la labor educativa del paciente hipertenso en esta comunidad, principalmente acerca de la importancia de la adherencia al tratamiento en la hipertensión arterial(AU)


INTRODUCTION: studies on the prevalence of hypertension in Cuba show figures ranging 20 to 40 percent of the adult population. At present, there is a wide therapeutic arsenal for the treatment of hypertension whereas health and hygiene criteria to maintain blood pressure levels within the normal range are known. The non-adherence to the therapeutic regimen is common in chronic diseases. As to blood hypertension, the numbers of noncompliant patients is a real concern since about 40 percent do not follow drug treatment and 60-90 percent of them do not comply with the hygiene and food requirements. Non-compliance makes the prescribed treatment ineffective leading to increased morbidity and mortality. OBJECTIVE: to evaluate the adherence to antihypertensive treatment in a sample of hypertensive patients. METHODS: observational and descriptive study of a sample of patients from a health area of San Miguel del Padrón in Havana, Cuba, for which the test Morinsky-Green-Levine test, how frequent the drug is purchased at the drugstore and the blood pressure control were used to measure adherence to treatment. The study variables were age, sex, type of therapy and adherence. RESULTS: female hypertensive patients aged 70 to 79 years-old and using polytherapy in the main predominated. Just 30.4 percent of the studied cases adhered to their treatment and were under control. CONCLUSIONS: there is a real need of continuous educational work aimed at the hypertensive patient at the study community, mainly on the importance of adherence to treatment in hypertension(AU)


Subject(s)
Quality Control , Clinical Trials as Topic , Drug Industry , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Cuba , Observational Study
7.
Medisan ; 17(7): 1053-1059, jul. 2013.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-680567

ABSTRACT

Se realizó un estudio descriptivo y transversal de 75 adultos mayores que sufrieron violencia intrafamiliar, pertenecientes al consultorio médico de la ciudad de Gabú de la Facultad de Medicina "Raúl Díaz Argûelles" de Guinea Bissau, desde diciembre de 2010 hasta igual mes de 2011, con vistas a caracterizarles según variables de interés para la investigación, para lo cual se aplicó una encuesta a los pacientes y se revisaron las historias de salud familiar e individual. En la serie predominaron el sexo femenino, el grupo etario de 60-64 años, los iletrados, las familias grandes, así como el abuso psicológico como la forma de violencia más común. Se analizaron los principales aspectos relacionados con el tema, lo que permitió fundamentar las buenas prácticas clínicas en la atención a dichos pacientes.


A descriptive and cross-sectional study was conducted in 75 older adults who suffered domestic violence, belonging to the doctor's office of "Raúl Díaz Argüelles" Medical College from Gabú city in Guinea Bissau, from December 2010 to the same month of 2011, in order to characterize them according to variates of interest for research, for which the patients were surveyed and past medical and family history was reviewed. In the series females, age group of 60-64 years, the illiterate, big families, and psychological abuse as the most common kind of violence predominated. The main aspects of the topic were analyzed, which allowed to justify the good clinical practices in caring for these patients.

8.
Rev. cuba. invest. bioméd ; 32(2): 196-212, abr.-jun. 2013.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-685981

ABSTRACT

Introducción: El entorno regulatorio mundial es cada vez más exigente para establecer, implementar y mantener el cumplimiento de las buenas prácticas clínicas (BPC). En Cuba, una respuesta necesaria derivada del desarrollo creciente de la industria farmacéutica y biotecnológica nacional fue la creación del Centro Nacional Coordinador de Ensayos Clínicos (CENCEC). Una de las misiones del CENCEC es preparar a las unidades-sitios clínicos seleccionados que realizan investigaciones clínicas, para su posterior certificación en BPC por la autoridad reguladora nacional, con la finalidad de avalar la calidad que corresponde al proceso de investigación clínica que redunda en una esmerada atención y protección al paciente objeto de estudio. Objetivo: Describir la estrategia del CENCEC para la preparación en BPC de los sitios clínicos seleccionados del Sistema Nacional de Salud (SNS) que participan en ensayos clínicos. Métodos: Se revisan más de 250 documentos normativos emitidos por Europa, Estados Unidos, Japón y los países nórdicos relacionados con aspectos prácticos y éticos para la implementación de las BPC...


Background: The global regulatory environment is increasingly demanding to establish, implement, and maintain the compliance with Good Clinical Practices (GCP). In Cuba, The National Coordinating Center for Clinical Trials (CENCEC) was created as a necessary response derived from the increasing development of the national pharmaceutical and biotechnological industry. One of the missions of the CENCEC is to prepare selected clinical units/sites that conduct clinical research for a further certification in GCP by the national regulatory authority in order to guarantee the quality that corresponds to the process of clinical research, resulting in a careful attention and protection of the patient under study. Objective: To describe the strategy of the CENCEC for the preparation of good clinical practices in the selected clinical sites of the National Health System (SNS) that participate in clinical trials. Methods: More than 250 regulatory documents issued by Europe, the United States, Japan and the Nordic countries, related to ethical and practical aspects for the implementation of good clinical practices, were reviewed...


Subject(s)
Clinical Trials as Topic/methods , Practice Guidelines as Topic/standards , Health Facilities/standards , Evidence-Based Practice/methods , Enacted Statutes
9.
Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop ; 46(1): 3-6, Jan.-Feb. 2013.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-666785

ABSTRACT

Clinical research is essential for the development of new drugs, diagnostic tests and new devices. Clinical monitoring is implemented to improve the quality of research and attain high ethical and scientific standards. This review discusses the role of clinical monitors, taking into account the variety of scenarios in which medical research is developed, and highlights the challenges faced by research teams to ensure that patients rights are respected and that the social role of scientific research is preserved. Specific emphasis is given to the ethical dilemmas related to the multiple roles which clinical monitors play in the research framework, mainly those involving the delicate equilibrium between the loyalty to the sponsor and to the research subjects. The essential role of clinical monitoring for research developed in poor healthcare scenarios is highlighted as an approach to get the local infrastructure strengthening needed to achieve an adequate level of good clinical practices.


Subject(s)
Humans , Biomedical Research/standards , Patient Rights , Biomedical Research , Clinical Trials as Topic , Ethics Committees, Research
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