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1.
Rev. colomb. nefrol. (En línea) ; 6(2): 166-171, jul.-dic. 2019. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS, COLNAL | ID: biblio-1093041

ABSTRACT

Resumen La bacteriemia asociada a catéter representa una parte importante de la morbilidad en pacientes con terapia de reemplazo renal, el Chryseobacterium indologenes (CI) es una bacteria gram negativa que afecta principalmente a pacientes con estancias hospitalarias prolongadas; la mayoría de casos reportados hasta el momento han ocurrido en Asia. El presente artículo reporta un caso identificado en la ciudad de Cali, Colombia, de un paciente que recibe hemodiálisis con el propósito de establecer los factores de riesgo que tienen los pacientes afectados por C. indologenes y conocer más acerca de las características microbiológicas y el espectro de sensibilidad y resistencia de esta bacteria, con el fin de establecer los protocolos de tratamiento para la bacteriemia asociada a catéter.


Abstract Catheter-associated bacteremia represent an important part of the morbidity in patients with renal replacement therapy, Chryseobacterium indologenes is a gram-negative bacterium that mainly affects patients with prolonged hospitalization; the majority of cases reported until now occurred in Asia. This article presents a case identified in Cali, Colombia, in a patient receiving hemodialysis, with the purpose of establishing the risk factors for the patients affected by C. indologenes, and know more about the microbiological characteristics, the spectrum of sensitivity and resistance of this bacterium, in order to establish treatment protocols for catheter-associated bacteremia.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Renal Dialysis , Bacteremia , Chryseobacterium , Morbidity , Colombia , Catheters
2.
Rev. Fac. Med. (Bogotá) ; 66(4): 581-587, Oct.-Dec. 2018. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-985096

ABSTRACT

Abstract Introduction: Given their ability for colonizing the supraglottic region, desiccation tolerance, resistance to β-lactam antibiotics, and adherence to both inert surfaces and epithelial cells, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli are potentially pathogenic microorganisms for patients undergoing mechanical ventilation in an intensive care unit (ICU). Objective: To perform a molecular characterization and detection of extended spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL) in K. pneumoniae and E. coli strains isolated from the supraglottic region of patients undergoing mechanical ventilation in an ICU. Materials and methods: A descriptive study was conducted in 18 isolates. Disk diffusion technique was used for detecting ESBL-producing bacteria. Molecular characterization was made by BOX-PCR technique, while ESBL production was confirmed by testing the isolates against cefotaxime and ceftazidime, alone and in combination with clavulanic acid. Results: a K. pneumoniae strain and another E. coli strain were confirmed as ESBL producers. A divergence greater than 50% was observed in most of the strains; besides non-infectious origin strains resistant to third generation cephalosporins were found. Conclusion: The polyclonality found in this study might indicate that most of the strains belong to each patient's microbiota.


Resumen Introducción. Dada su capacidad para colonizar la región supraglótica, tolerar desecación, resistir los antibióticos β-lactámicos y adherirse tanto a superficies como a células epiteliales, la Klebsiella pneumoniae y la Escherichia coli son microorganismos potencialmente patógenos para los pacientes de la unidad de cuidados intensivos (UCI) sometidos a ventilación mecánica. Objetivo. Realizar la caracterización molecular y la detección de β-lactamasas de espectro extendido (BLEES) a cepas de K. pneumoniae y E. coli aisladas de la región supraglótica de pacientes internados en UCI y sometidos a ventilación mecánica. Materiales y métodos. Estudio descriptivo realizado en 18 aislamientos. Se utilizó la técnica de difusión en disco para detectar bacterias productoras de BLEES. La caracterización molecular se realizó mediante la técnica de BOX-PCR y la producción de ESBL fue confirmada mediante la prueba con cefotaxima y ceftazidima, solas y combinadas con ácido clavulanico. Resultados. Una cepa de K. pneumoniae y otra de E. coli resultaron productoras de BLEES. La mayoría de cepas presentaron una divergencia superior al 50%, evidenciándose, además, cepas de origen no infeccioso resistentes a cefalosporinas de tercera generación. Conclusión. La policlonalidad encontrada podría indicar que la mayoría de las cepas pertenecen a la microbiota de cada paciente.

3.
Rev. colomb. cir ; 29(1): 42-49, ene.-mar. 2014. graf, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-709042

ABSTRACT

Objetivo. Caracterizar un brote de infección o colonización por Acinetobacter baumannii. Materiales y métodos. Se llevó a cabo un estudio de 37 pacientes con diagnóstico de infección o colonización por A. baumannii hecho por cultivo positivo para dicho germen, entre enero de 2009 y diciembre de 2010. Los pacientes fueron caracterizados sociodemográfica y clínicamente. Se describió la frecuencia de potenciales factores de riesgo para infección o colonización por A. baumannii. Resultados. El 86 % de los pacientes presentó algún tipo de farmacorresistencia múltiple, siendo la más común la extendida a los carbapenems. Los potenciales factores de riesgo para infección o colonización más frecuentemente encontrados, fueron procedimientos invasivos (100 %), hospitalización en la unidad de cuidados intensivos (89,2 %), estancia hospitalaria prolongada (75,6 %), infección previa por otro microorganismo (51,4 %) y desnutrición (40,5 %). En cuanto a los potenciales factores de riesgo para desenlace fatal, se encontraron choque séptico (72,2 %), aislamientos con farmacorresistencia múltiple (86 %) y más de un aislamiento de A. baumannii. Conclusiones. Los principales hallazgos de este trabajo fueron la presencia de farmacorresistencia múltiple y de potenciales factores de riesgo para infección o colonización por A. baumannii en la población estudiada. La mortalidad fue de 48,4 %, principalmente por choque séptico (72,2 %), similar a lo descrito por otros autores. Las estrategias de reforzamiento de la limpieza y desinfección, especialmente la higiene de manos, han demostrado ser medidas efectivas para la prevención y el control de brotes por A. baumannii, por lo cual se recomienda la implementación y el estricto cumplimiento de dichas estrategias en el medio hospitalario.


Materials and methods: This is a case series of 37 patients with the diagnosis of infection/colonization by Acinetobacter baumannii by positive culture for this organism that occurred between January 2009 and December 2010. Patients were characterized clinically, socially and demographically. The frequency and potential risk factors for infection/colonization by Acinetobacter baumannii are described. Results: 86% of patients had some type of multidrug resistance, the most common being resistant to carbapenems. Potential risk factors most frequently found were: invasive procedures (100%), ICU stay (89.2%), prolonged hospital stay (75.6%), previous infection with another microorganism (51.4%), and malnutrition (40.5%). As for potential risk factors for fatal outcome we found: septic shock (72.2%), multidrug isolates (86%), and more than one isolate of Acinetobacter baumannii. Conclusions and recommendations: The main findings of this study were the presence of multidrug resistance and potential risk factors for infection/colonization by Acinetobacter baumannii in the study population. Mortality rate was 48.4%, due mainly to septic shock (72.2%), similar to that described by other authors. Strategies to reinforce the cleaning and disinfection, especially hand hygiene measures, have proven effective for the prevention and control of outbreaks by Acinetobacter baumannii; therefore, the implementation and strict compliance of these strategies are recommended in the hospital setting.


Subject(s)
Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial , Acinetobacter baumannii , Acinetobacter Infections , Disease Outbreaks , Drug Resistance, Multiple , Gram-Negative Aerobic Bacteria
4.
Braz. j. infect. dis ; 15(4): 339-348, July-Aug. 2011. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-595675

ABSTRACT

Ceftobiprole is a broad-spectrum cephalosporin with potent activity against staphylococci, including those resistant to oxacillin, as well as against most Gram-negative bacilli including Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In this study, the in vitro activity of ceftobiprole and comparator agents was tested against bacterial isolates recently collected from Brazilian private hospitals. A total of 336 unique bacterial isolates were collected from hospitalized patients between February 2008 and August 2009. Each hospital was asked to submit 100 single bacterial isolates responsible for causing blood, lower respiratory tract or skin and soft tissue infections. Bacterial identification was confirmed and antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed using CLSI microdilution method at a central laboratory. The CLSI M100-S21 (2011) was used for interpretation of the antimicrobial susceptibility results. Among the 336 pathogens collected, 255 (75.9 percent) were Gram-negative bacilli and 81 (24.1 percent) were Gram-positive cocci. Although ceftobiprole MIC50 values for oxacillin resistant strains were two-fold higher than for methicillin susceptible S. aureus, ceftobiprole inhibited 100 percent of tested S. aureus at MICs < 4 µg/mL. Polymyxin B was the only agent to show potent activity against Acinetobacter spp. (MIC50/90, 0.5/1 µg/mL), and P. aeruginosa (MIC50/90, 1/2 µg/mL). Resistance to broad-spectrum cephalosporins varied from 55.3-68.5 percent and 14.3-28.5 percent among E. coli and Klebsiella spp. isolates, respectively; with ceftobiprole MIC50 > 6 µg/mL for both species. Our results showed that ceftobiprole has potent activity against staphylococci and E. faecalis, which was superior to that of vancomycin. Our data also indicates that ceftobiprole demonstrated potency comparable to that of cefepime and ceftazidime against key Gram-negative species.


Subject(s)
Humans , Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology , Cephalosporins/pharmacology , Gram-Negative Bacteria/drug effects , Gram-Positive Bacteria/drug effects , Brazil , Gram-Negative Bacteria/isolation & purification , Gram-Positive Bacteria/isolation & purification , Microbial Sensitivity Tests/methods
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