A concessão da outorga: o arquétipo do pai e os fundamentos simbólicos da depressão / The granting of the bestowal: The father archetype and the symbolic foundations of depression / La concesión de la otorga: El arquetipo del padre y los fundamentos simbólicos de la depresión

O mito de Tântalo como referencial primordial da conferência da outorga. Concessão de Outorga como atributo do Arquétipo do Pai. Os sofrimentos do tutelado e comprometimentos severos da psique decorrentes da negação ou da perda da outorga. Reações psíquicas, em função da perda da outorga como: vergonha, sentimento de culpa. A vergonha de se saber incompetente. E a humilhação por ser ridículo. Os fundamentos simbólicos da emergência da depressão. Pai-Narciso, aquele que não outorga. Pais com estruturas patriarcais rigidamente defensivas. Os conflitos de filhos de casais cindidos, em que um confere a outorga e o outro a nega. A possibilidade de saída resiliente com a automobilização da outorga. Correlações simbólicas entre os castigos de Tântalo e a grandiosidade da outorga.

The myth of Tantalus as a primary reference for the granting conference. Granting of Bestowal (the act of conferring an honor or presenting a gift) as an attribute of the Father Archetype. Sufferings of the ward and severe impairments of the psyche resulting from the denial or loss of the bestowal. Psychic reactions, due to the loss of the grant, such as: shame, feeling of guilt. The shame of being incompetent. And the humiliation for being ridiculous. The symbolic foundations of the emergence of depression. Father-Narcissus, the one who does not bestow. Parents with rigidly defensive patriarchal structures. The conflicts of children of split couples in which one grants and the other denies it. The possibility of a resilient exit with the automobilization of the grant. Symbolic correlations between Tantalus' punishments and the grandiosity of the bestowal.

El mito de Tántalo como referencia principal para la conferencia de concesión. Otorgamiento como un atributo del Arquetipo del Padre Los sufrimientos del pupilo y los severos impedimentos de la psique resultantes de la negación o pérdida del otorgamiento. Reacciones psíquicas, por la pérdida de la beca, tales como: vergüenza, sentimiento de culpa. La vergüenza de ser incompetente. Y la humillación por hacer el ridículo. Los fundamentos simbólicos de la aparición de la depresión. Padre-Narciso, el que no da. Padres con estructuras patriarcales rígidamente defensivas. Los conflictos de hijos de parejas escindidas en los que uno lo concede y el otro lo niega. La posibilidad de una salida resiliente con la automovilización de la subvención. Correlaciones simbólicas entre los castigos de Tántalo y la grandiosidad del otorgamiento

Projeto de conversações públicas sobre a diferença de opiniões acerca do Programa Bolsa Família / Public conversation project on the difference of opinions about the Bolsa Família Program

O Programa Bolsa Família (PBF) divide opiniões no cenário brasileiro contemporâneo em debates permeados de argumentos abstratos, generalizantes e sentimentos intensos. Neste estudo, busca-se compreender o processo de produção de sentidos em uma facilitação de diálogos, a partir da metodologia do Projeto de Conversações Públicas (PCP), em um encontro entre 10 pessoas com opiniões polarizadas sobre o PBF. A transcrição da audiogravação do encontro foi analisada a partir da perspectiva construcionista social. Os repertórios interpretativos, discursos e posicionamentos relacionados às opiniões a favor e contra o PBF e o feedback dos participantes sobre o encontro foram ressaltados e discutidos.

The Bolsa Família Program (PBF) divides opinions in the contemporary Brazilian scenario into debates permeated by abstract arguments, generalizations and intense feelings. This study seeks to understand the process of producing meanings in dialogue facilitation, based on the methodology of the Public Conversation Project (PCP), in a meeting between 10 people with polarized opinions about the PBF. The transcription of the audio recording of the meeting was analyzed from the social constructionist perspective. The interpretative repertoires, discourses and positions related to the opinions for and against the PBF and the participants' feedback on the meeting were highlighted and discussed.

As mulheres na política de transferência de renda: uma revisão sistemática da literatura / Women in the income transfer policy: a systematic literature review / Mujeres en la política de transferencia de efectivo: una revisión sistemática de la literatura / Les femmes dans la politique de transfert monétaire: une revue systématique de la littérature

As mulheres, principais interlocutoras dos programas de transferência de renda, são convocadas à função de mediar a esfera pública e privada. Assim, realizou-se uma revisão sistemática acerca do papel atribuído às mulheres na política de transferência de renda. Para busca dos artigos, os descritores gênero e mulheres chefes de família foram cruzados com transferência de renda; feminização da pobreza; políticas públicas; pobreza; combate à pobreza, nas bases de dados: LILACS, IBECS, SCIELO, PepSIC, Paho, Psycinfo e Web of Science. Após a aplicação dos critérios de inclusão e exclusão, foram selecionados 22 trabalhos, sendo 15 teóricos e 7 empíricos. Nossos resultados indicam que a titularidade feminina é apresentada como um avanço político importante, mas sua participação torna-se contraditória pela natural forma com que a divisão sexual do trabalho ocupa nos programas de transferência de renda, o que remete ao debate sobre a feminização da pobreza e o trabalho de reprodução social.

Women are the main interlocutors of income transfer programs, being convoked to mediate the public and private sphere. Thus, a systematic review was made on the role attributed to women in income transfer policy. To search for articles, gender and female heads of household descriptors were crossed with income transfer; feminization of poverty; public policies; poverty; combating poverty, in the databases: LILACS, IBECS, SCIELO, PepSIC, Paho, Psycinfo and Web of Science. After applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 22 papers were selected, 15 of which were theoretical and 7 were empirical. Our results indicate that female ownership is presented as an important political advance, but its participation becomes contradictory due to the natural way in which the sexual division of labor occupies the income transfer programs. This leads to the debate about the feminization of poverty and social reproduction work.

Las mujeres, principales interlocutoras de los programas de transferencia de renta, son convocadas a la función de mediar la esfera pública y privada. Así, se realizó una revisión sistemática acerca del papel atribuido a las mujeres en la política de transferencia de ren-ta. Para la búsqueda de los artículos, los descriptores género y mujeres jefas de familia fueron cruzados con transferencia de renta; feminización de la pobreza; políticas públicas; la pobreza; en el marco de la lucha contra la pobreza, en las bases de datos: LILACS, IBECS, SCIELO, PepSIC, Paho, Psycinfo y Web of Science. Después de la aplicación de los criterios de inclusión y exclusión, se seleccionaron 22 trabajos, siendo 15 teóricos y 7 empíricos. Nuestros resultados indican que la titularidad femenina es presentada como un avance político importante, pero su participación se vuelve contradictoria por la natural forma con que la división sexual del trabajo ocupa en los programas de transferencia de renta, lo que remite al debate sobre la feminización de la pobreza y el trabajo de reproducción social.

Les femmes, principales interlocutrices des programmes de transferts de revenus, sont appelées à jouer un rôle de médiation dans les sphères publique et privée. Ainsi, un examen systématique a été effectué sur le rôle attribué aux femmes dans la politique de transfert de revenus. Pour rechercher les articles, les descripteurs genre et femme chefs de ménage ont été croisés avec transfert de revenus; féminisation de la pauvreté; politiques publiques; la pauvreté; lutte contre la pauvreté dans les bases de données: LILACS, IBECS, SCIELO, PepSIC, Paho, Psycinfo et Web of Science. Après application des critères d'inclusion et d'exclusion, 22 articles ont été sélectionnés, dont 15 théoriques et 7 empiriques. Nos résultats indiquent que la propriété féminine est présentée comme un progrès politique important, mais que sa participation est contredite par la manière naturelle dont la division sexuelle du travail occupe une place dans les programmes de transferts de revenus, ce qui conduit au débat sur la féminisation de la pauvreté. et le travail de reproduction sociale.

Agreements in clinical studies at German university clinics

The article aims to give an overview of the contractual situation in Germany, which arise in clinical studies. The goal of the authors is to show any potential sponsor of a clinical study, who is interested in cooperation with German partners such as universities or other study sites, what kind of agreements may be expected and to give a brief overview about necessary themes included within the contractual negotiations. The different contractual settings are considered from the perspective each different type of agreement. The authors have chosen amongst all possible types the ones which are the most common in a clinical study, such as CDA, MTA, grant agreement, clinical study agreement, CRO-service agreement etc. The authors show the complexity of the contractual setting of a clinical study and emphasize to pay close attention to the contractual settings. Even though the content of the agreement is mostly universal in nature, in some cases, Germany has some very special rules (e.g. regarding employees’ inventions), which any potential sponsor should keep in mind.

How to plan and write a budget for research grant proposal?

Medical research can have an enormous positive impact on human health. Health research improves thequality of human lives and society which plays a vital role in social and economic development of thenation. Financial support is crucial for research. However, winning a research grant is a difficult task. Asuccessful grant-winning application requires two key elements: one is an innovative research problemwith best probable idea/plan for tackling it and appropriate planning of budget. The aim of the presentpaper is to give an insight on funding agencies providing funding for health research including traditionalIndian medicine (from an Indian perspective) and key points for planning and writing budget section of agrant application.© 2017 Transdisciplinary University, Bangalore and World Ayurveda Foundation. Publishing Services byElsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

Produtividade acadêmica e modulações no trabalho do pesquisador em Psicologia / Academic productivity and modulations in the work of the researcher in Psychology / La productividad académica y las modulaciones en el trabajo del investigador en Psicología

Este artigo apresenta uma pesquisa que teve como objetivo investigar o cenário de produtividade acadêmica em relação ao pesquisador com bolsa de produtividade em pesquisa do Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq). A investigação envolveu a produção de dados empíricos por meio da seleção e análise de informações nos currículos de pesquisadores PQ da área da Psicologia disponíveis na Plataforma Lattes. Foram também realizadas entrevistas semidirigidas com sete pesquisadores bolsistas de produtividade de diferentes subáreas. Os resultados estão apresentados e discutidos em três eixos norteadores da problematização do campo investigado: produtividade e avaliação da área; bolsa de produtividade em pesquisa: entre dilemas e benefícios; e produtivismo e modulações de pesquisadores. Os resultados apontam uma cultura da produtividade permeada pela lógica da produção, sobretudo de artigos científicos, e pela intensificação do trabalho, que modula o trabalho do docente-pesquisador

This article presents a study aimed at investigating the academic productivity scenario regarding researchers funded by scientific productivity grants from the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq). The research involved the production of empiric material through the selection and analysis of information contained in the researcher curricula available in Lattes Platform. We selected curricula of researchers in Psychology with existing grants. We also conducted semistructured interviews with seven researchers of different subareas. The results are presented and discussed in three guiding principles, which help to problematize the investigated scenario: Productivity and assessment of the knowledge field; Productivity grants in research: between dilemmas and benefits; and Productivism and modulations of the researchers. The results show a culture of productivity permeated by the logic of production, especially of scientific articles, and intensification of work, which modulate the work of the professor-worker

En este artículo se presenta un estudio cuyo objetivo fue analizar el escenario de la productividad académica en relación al investigador con beca de productividad en investigación del Consejo Nacional de Desarrollo Científico y Tecnológico (CNPq). La investigación consistió en la producción de datos empíricos a través de la selección y análisis de la información contenida en los currículos de los investigadores en la Plataforma Lattes. Fueron realizadas entrevistas semidirigidas con siete investigadores becarios de productividad de distintas subáreas. Los resultados se presentaron y discutieron en tres ejes vertebradores de la problematización del campo investigado: Producción y evaluación del área; La beca de productividad en investigación: entre dilemas y beneficios; y Productivismo y modulaciones de los investigadores. Los resultados muestran una cultura de la productividad permeada por la lógica de la producción, sobre todo de artículos científicos, y por la intensificación del trabajo, lo que modula la labor del docente-investigador.

A face (in) visível da extrema pobreza: experiências de vida no contexto urbano

A pobreza é definida como uma síndrome multidimensional de carências, no contexto das políticas sociais. Tais dimensões são econômicas, sociais e políticas. A inserção das dimensões sociais e políticas na discussão da pobreza tem o intuito de incorporar novas formas de análises que vão além do histórico fator “renda”. Uma política antipobreza com foco apenas na insuficiência de renda tende a reforçar a dicotomia entre as ações de assistência social e os programas de transferência direta de renda. O trabalho também tem o referencial teórico na sociologia reflexiva de Pierre Bourdieu, no que diz respeito ao conceito de miséria, ou seja, a “miséria de posição”, no qual os pontos de vista dos sujeitos discutem a condição de cada caso. Sendo estas as condições favoráveis a um desenvolvimento de todas as formas de “pequena miséria”. Nesse contexto, o estudo tem o objetivo geral de compreender as experiências de vida de sujeitos em situação de pobreza e extrema pobreza. Contudo, os objetivos específicos são a tentativa de compreender o sentido que os sujeitos dão às experiências de pobreza e a busca por (des)velar a história de vida dos indivíduos excluídos dos programas governamentais de combate à pobreza. É uma pesquisa ancorada no paradigma qualitativo interpretativo segundo a hermenêutica de Paul Ricoeur. Foram realizadas entrevistas em profundidade com dez sujeitos nos seus domicílios – cujas famílias estão em situação de pobreza e pobreza extrema – em duas comunidades de elevada vulnerabilidade social da periferia de Fortaleza, Ceará. O trabalho de campo ocorreu de setembro de 2011 a maio de 2013...

Poverty is defined as a multidimensional syndrome needs in the context of social policies. These dimensions are economic, social and political. The inclusion of social and political di-mensions in poverty discussion is intended to incorporate new forms of analysis, that is, beyond the history financial factor. An anti-poverty policy focusing only on insufficient in-come tends to reinforce the dichotomy between social assistance measures and the direct in-come transfer programs. The work also has the theoretical framework of reflexive sociology of Pierre Bourdieu, with regard to the concept of misery, i.e. the miserable position in which the point of views of the subjects discuss the condition of each case. These being the condi-tions conducive to the development of all forms of small misery. In this context, the study has the general objective of understanding the life experiences of individuals in poverty and ex-treme poverty. However the specific objectives are: to understand the meaning that subjects give the experiences of poverty and (Un) ensure the life story of the excluded subject of gov-ernment anti-poverty programs. It is a research anchored in the interpretative qualitative para-digm according to Paul Ricoeur's hermeneutics. Depth interviews were conducted with ten individuals in their homes, whose families are in poverty and extreme poverty in two com-munities of high vulnerability in the outskirts of Fortaleza Ceará. The fieldwork took place from September 2011 to May 2013...

The Einstein-Brazil Fogarty: A decade of synergy

Abstract A rich, collaborative program funded by the US NIH Fogarty program in 2004 has provided for a decade of remarkable opportunities for scientific advancement through the training of Brazilian undergraduate, graduate and postdoctoral students from the Federal University and Oswaldo Cruz Foundation systems at Albert Einstein College of Medicine. The focus of the program has been on the development of trainees in the broad field of Infectious Diseases, with a particular focus on diseases of importance to the Brazilian population. Talented trainees from various regions in Brazil came to Einstein to learn techniques and study fungal, parasitic and bacterial pathogens. In total, 43 trainees enthusiastically participated in the program. In addition to laboratory work, these students took a variety of courses at Einstein, presented their results at local, national and international meetings, and productively published their findings. This program has led to a remarkable synergy of scientific discovery for the participants during a time of rapid acceleration of the scientific growth in Brazil. This collaboration between Brazilian and US scientists has benefitted both countries and serves as a model for future training programs between these countries.

The Inadequacy of Instrucor finance Grant-in-aid Program and Countermeasure for Improvement / 中华医学科研管理杂志

Training mechanism reform was introduced in Chinese universities recently.It is a very useful attempt in the field of graduate education,in line with the trend of the international practice of graduate education.The core content of this reform is to build the research leading tutorial system and projects oriented grant-in-aid program.The intention of this reform is to mobilize the enthusiasm of both the instructors and graduate students effectively,who play key roles in the reform.In this paper,the author analyze the the difficulties and problems encountered in building up the instructor finance grantin-aid program,such as the inadequacy of instructors,involvement in policymaking,thecommercializationtendency of the teacher-student relationship,and the intensifying imbalance among different disciplines.The autor also proposes some countermeasures as preliminary solution.

Chondrogenic potential of adipose-derived stem cells versus bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND:Adipose-derived stem cel s and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cel s are used widely in cartilage tissue engineering, and there are many similarities in biological characteristics between two kinds of cel s. OBJECTIVE:To compare the chondrogenic potential of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cel s and adipose-derived stem cel s in vitro. METHODS:Adipose-derived stem cel s were isolated from the 3-month-old New Zealand white rabbits’ abdomen. Bilateral femurs of rabbits were obtained, and then the bone marrow mesenchymal stem cel s were separated with the adherence screening method. The growth curve of the passage 3 adipose-derived stem cel s and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cel s were drawn, and the doubling time of two kinds of cel s was compared. Then the passage 3 adipose-derived stem cel s and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cel s were treated with chondrogenic induction. After induced for 14 days, the adipose-derived stem cel s and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cel s were treated with toluidine blue staining and type Ⅱ immunohistochemistry staining respectively. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Primary bone marrow mesenchymal stem cel s showed aggregative growth, while the primary adipose-derived stem cel s were in single and scattered growth. The proliferation speed of adipose-derived stem cel s was faster than that of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cel s, while the doubling time of adipose-derived stem cel s was shorter than that of the bone marrow mesenchymal stem cel s. After chondrogenic induction for 14 days, both adipose-derived stem cel s and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cel s could express glycosaminoglycans and type Ⅱcol agen, and the expression level of type Ⅱ col agen in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cel s after chondrogenic induction was higher than that in the adipose-derived stem cel s. The in vitro proliferation of adipose-derived stem cel s and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cel s was rapid and stable, but the proliferative ability of adipose-derived stem cel s was faster than that of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cel s. When cultured in single layer, both adipose-derived stem cel s and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cel s could transform into chondrocytes under certain conditions, but bone marrow mesenchymal stem cel s seemed to be more potential than adipose-derived stem cel s.

Combinational effects of hexane insoluble fraction of Ficus septica Burm. F. and doxorubicin chemotherapy on T47D breast cancer cells

Objective: To evaluate the effects of n-hexane insoluble fraction (HIF) of Ficus septica leaves in combination with doxorubicin on cytotoxicity, cell cycle and apoptosis induction of breast cancer T47D cell lines. Methods: The in vitro drugs-stimulated cytotoxic effects were determined using MTT assay. Analysis of cell cycle distribution was performed using flowcytometer and the data was analyzed using ModFit LT 3.0 program. Apoptosis assay was carried out by double staining method using ethydium bromide-acridin orange. The expression of cleaved-poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) on T47D cell lines was identified using immunocytochemistry. Results:The combination exhibited higher inhibitory effect on cell growth than the single treatment of doxorubicin in T47D cells. In addition, combination of doxorubicin and HIF increased the incidence of cells undergoing apoptosis. HIF could improve doxorubicin cytotoxic effect by changing the accumulation of cell cycle phase from G2/M to G1 phase. The combination also exhibited upregulation of cleaved-PARP in T47D cells. Conclusions: Based on this results, HIF is potential to be developed as co-chemotherapeutic agent for breast cancer by inducing apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. However, the molecular mechanism need to be explored further.

Entre o conformismo e o sonho: percepções de mulheres em situação de vulnerabilidade social à luz das concepções de Amartya Sen / Between conformism and dreams: perceptions of women in social vulnerability situations from the perspective of Amartya Sen

O estudo objetivou analisar a percepção de mulheres em situação de vulnerabilidade social, sobre seus sonhos e as formas de enfrentamento das adversidades presentes em seu cotidiano, buscando perceber como a situação de pobreza, segundo as concepções de Amartya Sen, interferiam em sua atitude perante a vida. Trata-se de um estudo qualitativo, realizado em agosto e setembro de 2007, no município de Paula Cândido-MG. Foram entrevistadas 110 mulheres (10 por cento) cadastradas no Programa Bolsa Família, selecionadas aleatoriamente. Os dados foram coletados por meio de questionário semiestruturado e analisados por meio da técnica de análise temática. Verificou-se que o desejo por uma "vida melhor" foi, em última instância, o maior sonho das mulheres entrevistadas, sendo o conjunto "educação-trabalho-dinheiro" o meio mais citado para se alcançar uma vida digna. Contudo, a baixa escolaridade, o trabalho precário e informal e a má remuneração constituíram obstáculos à realização de seus sonhos. Diante de tais adversidades, a atitude das entrevistadas variou desde o conformismo e desesperança até o autorreconhecimento de sua situação como sujeito no mundo, capaz de sonhar e acreditar na possibilidade de realização de suas aspirações, utilizando suas habilidades e recursos para lutar por uma "vida melhor". Ressalta-se que uma política de combate à pobreza - como o PBF - deve buscar a expansão das capacidades humanas, articulando-se com ações estruturais, a fim de atingir o objetivo último do referido programa: a emancipação sustentada das famílias beneficiadas e sua inclusão social.

The study aimed to analyze the perception of women in situations of social vulnerability, about their dreams and ways of coping with adversities in their daily lives, trying to see how poverty, according to the concepts of Amartya Sen, interfered in their attitude towards life. It is a qualitative study, conducted in August and September 2007 in Paula Candido, Minas Gerais state, Brazil. We interviewed 110 women (10 percent) enrolled in the Programa Bolsa Família [Family Grant Program], randomly selected. Data were collected through semi-structured questionnaire and analyzed using the thematic analysis technique. It was found that the desire for a "better life" was ultimately, the greatest dream of the women interviewed, the set "education-work-money" the most cited way to achieve a dignified life. However, poor education, informal and precarious employment and poor pay are obstacles to achieving their dreams. Due to such adversity, the attitude of the interviewees ranged from resignation to self-awareness and hopelessness of their situation as a subject in the world, able to dream and believe in the possibility of realizing their aspirations, using their skills and resources to fight for a "better life". It is noteworthy that a policy to fight poverty - as the FGP - should seek the expansion of human capabilities, articulating with structural actions in order to achieve the ultimate goal of the program: the emancipation and social inclusion of the benefited families.

Research projects achievements appraisal system's establishment and application / 中华医学科研管理杂志

To establish a scientific and feasible evaluation index system and to assess medical research programs subsidized by the Shanghai Municipal Health Bureau in 2002-2006, so as to provide reference to aid the management department in decision-making and better guidance of research projects. Delphi expert consultation was employed to construct an evaluation index system, and used the system to comprehensively assess the funded projects. In the end, we found that the funding of the Shanghai Health Bureau had certain promoting effect in optimization of research team, startup of scientific research, training of research personnel, and the development of disciplines.

Conocimientos alimentario-nutricionales y estado nutricionalde estudiantes de cuarto año básico según establecimientos particulares y subvencionados de la ciudad de Talca / Knowledge of food nutrition status of students of 4th grade in private and semi-private schools of city of Talca

The malnutrition by excess of school age children is problem that may also be treated at school, because Children spend most of their time at school. It was studied knowledge about food of students from year four in primary school of private and semi-private schools of Talca city. An instrument was created and was applied to measure the knowledge of eating habits in children in sample of 273 students. The average percentage of knowledge that students have, was 61,4 +/- 14;75 percent. Students from private schools had a better domain in the knowledge of eating habits (p<0.005). Insufficient knowledge can affect the nutritional status of children. This research must be confronted from a multifactorial perspective, even though, only knowledge does not indicate enough success in the nutritional recovery of the children.

La malnutrición por exceso en la etapa escolar es un problema que también se puede abordar en el aula, dado que los niños pasan gran parte del tiempo en el establecimiento educacional. Se estudiaron los conocimientos de alimentación de alumnos de cuarto año básico de colegios particulares y particulares subvencionados de la ciudad de Talca. Se creó y aplicó un instrumento para medir los conocimientos de hábitos en alimentación para niños en una muestra de 273 escolares. En promedio, el porcentaje de conocimientos que poseen los estudiantes fue de 61,4 +/- 14,75 por ciento. Los alumnos de colegios particulares tuvieron un mejor dominio en conocimientos sobre alimentación (p<0.05). El conocimiento insuficiente podría repercutir en el estado nutricional de los niños. Este tema se debe afrontar desde una perspectiva multifactorial, ya que sólo los conocimientos no son indicador de éxito suficiente en la recuperación nutricional de los niños.

Dos jóvenes de avanzada de la Enfermería cubana / Two young's of advanced of the Cuban Infirmary

Cada vez se hace más obligatorio que la formación de los recursos humanos del Sistema Nacional de Salud (SNS) alcance una sólida preparación científica y humanística, y con una mente justa y racional que permita a la sociedad alcanzar y mantener un desarrollo humano sostenible. Se ha tornado una necesidad que el desarrollo académico de los profesionales de la salud se dirija hacia la obtención del grado científico de doctor. La Enfermería Cubana ha echado a andar en tal sentido y ya cuenta en sus filas con cuatro Doctores en Ciencias. El autor de este trabajo entrevista a dos de estas jóvenes de avanzada de la Enfermería Cubana, y constituye su principal objetivo destacar tan importante acontecimiento para la Historia de la Enfermería Cubana.

Every time becomes more necessary than the formation of the human resources of the National System of Health (SNS) it reaches a solid scientific and humanistic preparation and with a fair and rational minds that allows to the society to reach and to maintain a sustainable human development. Tornado a necessity is had that the academic development of the professionals of the health goes toward the obtaining of doctor's scientific degree. The Cuban Infirmary has tossed to walk in such a sense and already bill in its lines with two Doctors in Sciences. The author of this work is been worth of the interview like method, to these two young's of advanced of the Cuban Infirmary, constituting the main objective of the same one, to highlight so important event for the history of the Cuban Infirmary constitutes the main objective of the author of this work.

Bolsa floresta: um instrumento inovador para a promoção da saúde em comunidades tradicionais na Amazônia / Bolsa floresta: an innovative tool for health promotion in traditional communities in the Amazon

O Programa Bolsa Floresta implementa uma série de atividades prioneiras no campo da conservação ambiental e desenvolvimento sustentável na Amazônia. Sua concepção se insere no contexto das mudanças climáticas globais e de redução do desmatamento, com especial ênfase para as comunidades tradicionais da "Amazônia profunda". Este artigo descreve o conceito e a estratégia de implementação do Programa, com uma ênfase especial para as ações de saúde. Primeiro, é apresentado o contexto no qual foi concebido. Depois, apresentam-se o conceito, a estrutura e os resultados obtidos até setembro de 2008. Na seqüência, indicam-se o diagnóstico e as ações relacionadas com saúde pública. Finalmente, abordam-se o significado histórico e as perspectivas desse Programa.

Analysis on subject's hot topics from scientific research grants using MetaMap / 中华医学科研管理杂志

Objective Based on scientific research grants to explore the feasibility of analyzing the subiect's hot topics. Methotis The CRISP(Computer Retrieval of Information on Scientific Projects)database of National Institutes of Health was used to retrieve the grants related of gene mechanism of essential hypertension in 2006. We obtained concepts from the fields of title and abstract by MetaMap. and then analyzed the key concepts about genes that were found more than 3 times. Results There were 73 related grants about that from CRISP in 2006. After processing the samples by MetaMap, we got 45 high frequency concepts about genes. which were divided into seven groups. Conclusions It iS feasible to analyze and study subject hotspot by scientific research grants. and it can be used to the supplement of normal literature analysis. MetaMap is a better tool for natural language processing, but also has some limitations.

Cultivating a New Community of Clinical Researchers in Japan / 医学教育

1) Japanese clinical research and population-based medicine have different origins and have lived separate lives. After 100 years of mutual isolation, their paths are about to cross.<BR>2) Clinical research is not confined to clinical trials and translational research, but covers a wider area that includes outcomes research, economic evaluation, and studies of the quality of care.<BR>3) Government policymakers very recently turned their attention to clinical research, and set up administrative schemes to provide large-scale funding.<BR>4) However, unlike the US, Japan cannot catch this wave because it does not have the necessary intellectual infrastructure of trained clinical investigators.<BR>5) Population-based medicine and clinical research have similar emphases and core values. Both are concerned with measuring frequencies, with socially relevant outcomes, and with the impact of research on clinical practice and health policy.

A Case of Grant`s Syndrome

Grant`s syndrome is an uncommon form of secondary open angle glaucoma in which trabecular precipitates without significant anterior chamber inflammation is characteristic and gonioscopy may often reveal irregular peripheral anterior synechiae which often attach to the trabecular precipitates. Grant`s syndrome may be confused with primary open angle glaucoma and glaucomacyclitic crisis. However primary open angle glaucoma has no trabecular precipitates and glaucomacyclitic crisis has no trabecular precipitates and peripheral anterior synechia. We have experienced one case of Grant`s syndrome in which elevated intraocular pressure was present associated with inflammatory precipitates on the trabecular meshwork and peripheral anterior synechia without significant anterior chamber inflammation. We report this case with review of available literature.

A Case of Grant`s Syndrome

Grant`s syndrome is an uncommon form of secondary open angle glaucoma in which trabecular precipitates without significant anterior chamber inflammation is characteristic and gonioscopy may often reveal irregular peripheral anterior synechiae which often attach to the trabecular precipitates. Grant`s syndrome may be confused with primary open angle glaucoma and glaucomacyclitic crisis. However primary open angle glaucoma has no trabecular precipitates and glaucomacyclitic crisis has no trabecular precipitates and peripheral anterior synechia. We have experienced one case of Grant`s syndrome in which elevated intraocular pressure was present associated with inflammatory precipitates on the trabecular meshwork and peripheral anterior synechia without significant anterior chamber inflammation. We report this case with review of available literature.