ABSTRACT
Aim: Foliar nutrition is aimed to eliminate the problems of fixation and immobilization of nutrients. Hence, foliar application of plant growth hormones is being recognized as a significant way of fertilizing modern agriculture, especially under rainfed conditions. Growth regulating substances or growth regulators are known to influence a wide array of physiological parameters like alteration of plant architecture, assimilate partitioning, promotion of photosynthesis, uptake of nutrients (mineral ions) and enhancing metabolism.Study Design: The experiment was laid out in Randomized complete block design with three replications.Place and Duration of Study: A field experiment was conducted in medium black to deep black soil with clay loam texture at Agricultural Research Station, Bheemarayanagudi, Yadgir district during kharif season of 2022.Methodology: The experiment consisted of eleven treatments viz., T1: Control (water spray), T2: Pulse magic @ 10 g l-1 at flower initiation, T3: Nitrobenzene @ 500 ppm at flower initiation, T4: Urea @ 2 % spray at flower initiation, T5: DAP @ 2 % spray at flower initiation, T6: N: P: K (19:19:19) @ 2 % spray at flower initiation, T7: Boron @ 0.25 % spray at flower initiation, T8: Urea @ 2 % + salicylic acid @ 75 ppm spray at flower initiation, T9: DAP @ 2 % + salicylic acid @ 75 ppm spray at flower initiation, T10: N: P: K (19:19:19) @ 2 % + salicylic acid @ 75 ppm spray at flower initiation and T11: Boron @ 0.25 % + salicylic acid @ 75 ppm spray at flower initiation. Results: Foliar application of DAP @ 2 % + salicylic acid @ 75 ppm at flower initiation was found beneficial for growth and yield of greengram along with higher net returns and benefit-cost ratio (BC ratio). Alternately, foliar application of N:P:K (19:19:19) @ 2 % + salicylic acid @ 75 ppm at flower initiation stage or foliar application of pulse magic @ 10 g l-1 at flower initiation stage can be recommended for achieving higher net returns from greengram cultivation.Conclusion: Foliar application of nutrients and plant growth hormones would reduce the burden on soil application of fertilizers through urea and DAP for greengram cultivation. Thereby, cost incurred on fertilizers could be reduced and net returns could be increased. Foliar application of DAP @ 2 % + salicylic acid @ 75 ppm at flower initiation was found beneficial for growth and yield of greengram.
ABSTRACT
The study was conducted to identify rainfall deviation thresholds based on water requirement satisfaction index (WRSI) in pulses for monitoring water stress due to drought during kharif season in Telangana. The districts of Medak, Warangal and Mahabubnagar with major areas under blackgram, greengram and redgram crops, respectively were considered as study area. The rainfall deviation frequency was estimated in 20 representative sites under each crop and accordingly WRSI was calculated. The rainfall and WRSI estimated were related for their dependability in the estimation of water stress occurring due to drought during kharif season in the crops under study. Based on rainfall frequency, the rainfall was deficit for blackgram and normal for greengram and redgram in most of the study period. WRSI predicted mediocre growth of blackgram and average to good growth of greengram and redgram. The total explained variation in the prediction of crop performance by WRSI index in relation to rainfall was 0.26 to 0.77 for blackgram, 0.57 to 0.96 for redgram, 0.35 to 0.94 for greengram during the study period. The rainfall deviation thresholds were identified irrespective of soil type and depth in blackgram. Whereas, in case of greengram and redgram, the thresholds varied with soil type and depth.
ABSTRACT
The cluster frontline demonstrations (CFLDs) on Rajmash and Greengram were conducted by Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Kupwara, J&K at farmers’ fields during the year 2021. Through farmer meetings and group discussions, the crucial inputs in the production technology were identified. The results for Rajmash and Greengram showed that overall yield trends of demonstrations varied from 7.00 q/ha to 11 q/ha and 6.00 q/ha to 9.00 q/ha, respectively, with yield increase of 57.14% and 50% over the yield of local practices. Due to significant heterogeneity in the extent of adoption of recommended technology based on the level of risk associated in terms of cost,convenience, skill, and information regarding the concerned practise, the yield levels were much lower under local practices. Rajmash and greengram's average extension gap, technology gap, and technology index, respectively, were found to be 4.00, 1.00 q/ha and 8.33 percent and 3.00, 1 q/ha and 10.00 percent. The demonstration's average gross and net returns for the rajmash and greengram crops, respectively, were 44.44 and 145.33 percent, 70.00 and 289.55 percent greater than the farmer’s practices. In rajmash and greengram, the average benefit-cost ratio was higher with 44 and 145 percent respectively. Variations in agro-climatic factors, soil fertility, biotic stresses, economic status, and management practices were found to cause variations in the technology gap and index percentage. By encouraging farmers to use sustainable technical practices for increasing the yield and productivity of pulse crops, this variation can be reduced. With the application of pesticide, the performance of enhanced technology was shown to be most successful in controlling the smallest number of afflicted plants/m2 as well as the smallest number of pods/plants. Under demonstrations, production was higher than local practice. In order to increase the area and production of pulses in the Kupwara District of Jammu and Kashmir, pulse production and protection technology has a wide range of potential applications.
ABSTRACT
On Farm Testing (OFT) in Mungbean Yellow Mosaic Virus (MYMV) resistant and high yielding greengram varieties was conducted by Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Tirupur in farmers field during kharif 2020. Totally 15 farmers each with one acre were selected in three villages of Pongalur Block in Tirupur district of Tamil Nadu. Critical input viz., seeds of greengram varieties CO 8 and DGG 1 were distributed to the farmers and the varietal performance were assessed along with the existing variety under cultivation VBN 2. The plant physiological parameters viz., plant height, number of nodules / plant and yield attributing parameters such as number of pods / plants, number of branches/plant, Mung bean Yellow Mosaic Virus (MYMV) disease incidence (%), yield (q ha-1) and B:C ratio were recorded. The results revealed that, among the three varieties, Greengram CO 8 was recorded more number of pods (42) and minimum incidence of Mungbean Yellow Mosaic Virus (MYMV) disease incidence of 3.2 per cent resulting in the highest yield of 9.5 q ha-1 followed by DDG 1 with 34 pods/plant, MYMV disease incidence of 7.3 per cent and yield of 8.4 q ha-1 compared to the existing variety VBN 2, which recorded the lowest number of pods (31 Nos.), yield (7.6 q ha-1) with the highest MYMV disease incidence (12.5%). The highest B:C ratio was recorded in greengram variety CO 8 (2.92) which was followed by DDG 1 (2.58). It was concluded that, farmers of Tirupur district in Tamil Nadu were satisfied with cultivation of greengram CO 8 variety due to the lowest disease incidence, higher yield and Benefit Cost Ratio.
ABSTRACT
The present investigation entitled “Effect of spacing and biofertilizer on growth and yield of greengram (Vigna radiata)”, was conducted during the Kharif season of 2022 at the Crop Research Farm of the Department of Agronomy, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj. The experiment with nine treatments and three replications was laid down in factorial randomized block design. The results showed that pre harvest observations like plant height (42.04cm), dry weight (6.79 g), number of branches (6.18) of plant were higher in T3 i.e. Application of Rhizobium and PSB along with the spacing of 30x10 cm, Number of nodules per plant (6.62) was higher in treatment 2 i.e. Application of PSB along with the spacing of 30x10 cm and the value of the treatment. Post-harvest data indicated that the number of pods/plant (23.74), number of seeds/pod (7.72), test weight (41.30 g), seed yield (1.69 t/ha), biological yield (5.61 t/ha), stover yield (3.83 t/ha) and harvest index (33.37%) were higher in treatment 3 i.e. Application of Rhizobium and PSB along with the spacing of 30x10 cm. The maximum cost of production and gross return was recorded higher under treatment 3 i.e. Application of Rhizobium and PSB along with the spacing of 30x10 cm is INR. 36500/ha and INR. 88500/ha, respectively. The net return (INR. 12500/ha) and B:C Ratio (2:4) was recorded higher under treatment 3 i.e. Application of Rhizobium and PSB along with the spacing of 30x10 cm.
ABSTRACT
The present study was focused on the evaluation of foliar spray treatment to arrest the flower drop in order to increase the seed set and seed yield in greengram. The crop of greengram var.CO 8 was raised by adopting the recommended package of practices during rabi season during 2019 and 2020 at Department of Seed Science and Technology, TNAU, Coimbatore. Foliar application of different nutrients viz., Nutrigold 0.50%, ZnSO4 0.10%, Mono ammonium phosphate 2%, as treatments were sprayed at bud initiation (30 days after sowing) and 7 days after flowering stages. Pulse wonder @ 5 kg ha?1 was sprayed during peak flowering stage. Unsprayed plots served as control. During the investigations, data on flower production, arresting of flower drop, seed set, seed filling, seed yield and quality of greengram were recorded and studied.In the study, significant variations were observed due to the foliar applications. Days to 50 per cent flowering, number of flowers per plant, number of pods per plant, conversion efficiency percentage, pod yield ha-1and seed yield ha-1were significantly higher with foliar spray of Nutrigold 0.50% applied at bud initiation and 7 days later which was on par with Pulse wonder @ 5 kg ha?1 applied during peak flowering stage. The percentage of flower drop was less in Nutrigold 0.50%(39.69%) which was on par with Pulse wonder @ 5 kg ha?1 (41.04%) when compared to control (52.02%). Seed quality parameters such as seed recovery, 100 seed weight, seed germination and vigour of seedlings were significantly higher in foliar spray of Nutrigold 0.50% when compared to other treatments.From this study, it could be concluded that the foliar application of Nutrigold 0.50% during bud initiation and 7 days after flowering or Pulse Wonder @ 5kg/ ha during peak flowering could be effectively applied to maximize the flower production, arrest the flower drop and to improve the seed yield and quality in greengram.
ABSTRACT
A field experiment was conducted to investigate the influence of organic fertilizers and organic sprays on the productivity and economic parameters of summer greengram (Vigna radiata) cultivation. The experiment was designed as a split-plot design with three replications. The primary plots encompassed four organic fertilizer treatments: Control (M1), Farm yard manure (M2), Vermicompost (M3), and Poultry manure (M4). The sub-plots included three organic spray treatments: Control (S1), Panchagavya (S2), and Jeevamrutha (S3).The results of the experiment revealed that the combination of poultry manure as the organic fertilizer in conjunction with the application of Panchagavya spray had the most significant impact on both seed yield (779 kg ha-1) and haulm yield (1909 kg ha-1) for summer greengram cultivation. Furthermore, this specific combination demonstrated notably higher gross returns (?48,648 ha-1), net returns (?30,125 ha-1), and a favourable B C ratio of 2.60.
ABSTRACT
The Field experiment was conducted during Kharif season, 2022 at Crop Research Farm, Department of Agronomy, Sam Higginbottom University of Agricultural Sciences, Prayagraj, U.P, India. To evaluate the Response of Foliar spray of Iron and Gibberellic acid on the Growth and Yield of Greengram . The Soil of the experimented field was Sandy Loam in texture, slightly alkaline reaction (pH 7.0), low in organic carbon (0.40%), available N (161.48kg/ha), available 151.2kg/ha) and available K(232.5kg/ha).The Treatment consisted of FeSO4 (foliar spray at 15,30 DAS) 0.5%, 1.0% and 1.5% ,and GA3(foliar spray at 20,40 DAS) 50ppm, 100ppm, and 150ppm . The experiment was laid out in a randomized Block design and comprised of different levels of Iron and GA3 with ten treatments and replicated thrice. The growth attributes which was plant height (53.83cm), No. of Nodules/plant (51.00), Plant dry weight (11.67 g/plant) was significantly increased with increase in level of Iron and GA3.The Yield attributes was obtained Maximum, No. of Pods/Plant (24.5), No. of Seeds/Pod (12.00), Test weight (20.50g), Grain yield (1.95 t/ha), Stover Yield (3.15 t/ha) and Harvest Index (33.83%)at harvest. Maximum Gross Return (INR 1,29,112.50 INR/ha), Net Return (INR 92,803.50 INR/ha), highest B: C Ratio (2.56).
ABSTRACT
The field experiment was conducted to evaluate the different sources of organic manures in comparison with recommended dose fertilizer (RDF) on greengram at South farm, Karunya Institute of Technology and Science, Coimbatore, India. The field experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design and replicated thrice during kharif and rabi seasons of 2022. The field study comprised of nine treatments, two organic treatments with sole organic manures at 100% on N equivalent basis (vermicompost, farmyard manure) another three treatments consisted of 25%, 50% and 75% combination of each manure. These two organic manures (vermicompost, farmyard manure) were combined with 50% RDF through inorganic fertilizers (12.5:25:12.5 of N, P2O5 and K2O kg ha-1) as a combination of organic and inorganic treatments and one sole 100% inorganic treatment through inorganic fertilizer (25:50:25 of N, P2O5 and K2O kg ha-1). A control treatment was maintained in the layout to compare the performance of all the treatments. The results showed that among the different combinations of organic and inorganic treatments, 100% recommended dose of fertilizer through inorganic (25:50:25 of N, P2O5 and K2O kg ha-1) (T7) fertilizer significantly enhanced the growth and yield of greengram which was closely followed by vermicompost 100% on N equivalent basis.
ABSTRACT
A field experiment was conducted during kharif season of 2017 at Soil Conservation and Water Management Farm of the Chandra Shekhar Azad University of Agriculture and Technology, Kanpur to find out effect of cropping systems and doses of FYM on growth, yield, water use efficiency, splash loss and economics of crops under rainfed condition. The treatments comprised of 4 cropping systems i.e. (i) sole sorghum, 45 cm apart (ii) sole greengram, 45 cm apart (iii) sorghum + greengram (2:1 ratio ) (iv) sorghum + greengram (3:1 ratio) and 3 doses of FYM i.e. (i) without FYM (ii) 10 t ha-1 (iii) 20 t ha-1 were tested in factorial randomized block design with 3 replications. Results revealed that the yield of sorghum and greengram were highest in their sole stands. The yield of sole and intercropped greengram in terms of sorghum equivalent grain yield showed significant variation, whereas sorghum + greengram (2:1 ratio) brought out significantly the highest production as compared to other cropping systems. Moreover, the land equivalent ratio, water use efficiency, gross return and net return were also found to be the highest. Simultaneously, maximum splash loss was observed under sole sorghum and minimum under greengram treatment. Increasing rates of FYM brought out significant improvement in vegetative growth, yield attributes and grain / stover yield, where a dose of 10 t FYM/ha gave best performance in respect of vegetative growth, yield attributes and grain / stover yield. In addition, net return was also noticed higher, but splash loss was lower.
ABSTRACT
A field experiment was conducted to study the different growth regulating compounds on morphological, quality and yield parameters in greengram at Acharya N.G Ranga Agricultural University, Hyderabad during rabi 2009- 10. The basic material for the present investigation consists of Greengram cv WGG-37 and two growth promoting (NAA and Brassinosteroid) and growth retarding substances (Chlormequat chloride and Mepiquat chloride). These growth regulators were sprayed at flower initiation stage. The morphological traits viz., plant height, number of branches per plant, number of trifoliates per plant and days to 50% flowering and maturity were significantly increased by NAA @ 20 ppm, whereas total dry matter production (TDM) over growth regulator treatments at all stages NAA (20 ppm) and brassinosteroid (20ppm) recorded significantly higher values. Among the quality parameters highest seed protein content (%) and highest nitrogen harvest index values were recorded with growth retarding substance chlormequat chloride (187.5 g a.i ha-1) in greengram. The seed yield increased significantly with NAA (20 ppm) followed by mepiquat chloride 5% AS, brassinosteroid (20 ppm), chlormequat chloride (137.5.5 a.i/ha).
ABSTRACT
An experiment to know the nature and magnitude of association among 11 characters and their contribution towards seed yield was carried with sixty genotypes of greengram during kharif – 2012. The seed yield per plant showed positive and significant with plant height, numbers of pods per cluster and number of seeds per pod at genotypic and phonotypical level. Path coefficient analysis revealed that maximum direct positive effects exerted by number of pods per cluster, number of seeds per pod, pod length, plant height and 100-seed weight towards seed yield per plant. Based on correlation and path analysis, plant height, numbers of pods per cluster, number of seeds per pod, pod length and 100-seed weight were identified as the most important components of seed yield. It was noticeable from the path analysis that maximum direct positive effects were exerted by number of pods per cluster, number of seeds per pod, pod length, plant height and 100-seed weight towards seed yield per plant. This suggested that prominence should be given to these traits in selection programme for improvement of seed yield in green gram.