ABSTRACT
Resumen Este estudio evaluó las condiciones higiénico-sanitarias de carnicerías de la ciudadde Tandil (provincia de Buenos Aires) mediante una estimación del riesgo basada en encuestasdirigidas a revisar las buenas prácticas de manufactura y de higiene de los establecimientos. Seutilizó una escala de 1 a 100 para clasificar a los establecimientos en las categorías de riesgoalto (0-40), riesgo moderado (41-70) y riesgo bajo (71-100). A su vez, se evaluó la presencia deSalmonella spp., Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli productor de toxina Shiga (STEC) encarne bovina picada y en muestras ambientales como mesada, cuchilla, picadora y manos delcarnicero. Las muestras se tomaron una sola vez e inmediatamente se refrigeraron y transpor-taron al laboratorio para su análisis. En el período de estudio todas las carnicerías (100) fueronclasificadas como de «riesgo bajo¼ y con buenas condiciones higiénico-sanitarias. No obstante,el 75% de las muestras de carne picada no cumplió con al menos uno de los criterios microbiológicos establecidos en el Artículo 255 del Código Alimentario Argentino. Se sugiere estableceruna estrategia tendiente a identificar los desvíos e implementar un plan de mejoras continuasen las carnicerías de la ciudad de Tandil.
Abstract The aim of this work was to evaluate the hygienic-sanitary conditions of butcher shops in Tandil, Buenos Aires Province, by estimating the risk based on good manufacturing and hygiene practices, through surveys of the establishments. The analysis was performed using a scale of 1-100, and classifying them as high risk (0-40), moderate risk (41-70) or low risk (71-100). The presence of Salmonella spp., Staphylococcus aureus and Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) from both, ground beef and environmental samples such as countertop, cleaver, mincer and butcher's hands, taken at butcher shops was also evaluated. Sampling was performed only once and immediately refrigerated and transported to the laboratory for analysis. All butcher shops evaluated (100) were classified as "low risk'' with good hygienic-sanitary conditions. However, 75% of the ground beef samples analyzed did not meet at least one of the microbiological criteria established in the Código Alimentario Argentino [Argentine Food Code], article 255. We propose to establish a strategy to identify deviations and implement a plan for continuous improvement in butcher shops of Tandil city.
ABSTRACT
Foram avaliadas condições higiênico-sanitárias de máquinas de moer carne e mãos de manipuladores e observou-se a interferência na qualidade microbiológica da carne moída. Nas máquinas de moer carne e mãos de manipuladores, realizaram-se análises de microrganismos aeróbios mesófilos, fungos filamentosos e leveduras, coliformes totais e termotolerantes, Escherichia coli e estafilococos coagulase positiva. Nenhuma das máquinas enquadrou-se nos padrões da APHA. Para manipuladores, as contagens de aeróbios mesófilos, estafilococos coagulase positiva, fungos filamentosos e leveduras, coliformes totais e termotolerantes apresentaram-se elevadas. Nas amostras de carne inteira e moída, realizaram-se, além das citadas acima, análises de Salmonella sp. aeróbios psicrotróficos e clostrídios sulfito-redutores. Comparando-se os resultados das análises microbiológicas das carnes antes e após a moagem e manipulação, constatou-se aumento da contagem microbiana na maioria das amostras analisadas, indicando higienização inadequada das máquinas de moer e mão dos manipuladores.
Hygienic-sanitary conditions of meat grinding-machines and handlers' hands were evaluated and the interference on the microbiologic quality of the ground meat was observed. In the meat-ground machines and handlers' hands analyses of mesophyllic aerobic microorganisms, filamentous fungi and yeasts, total and heat-tolerant coliforms, Escherichia coli and positive coagulase staphylococcus were accomplished. None of the machines fitted in the APHA standards. For the handlers, the counts of mesophyllic aerobes, positive coagulase staphylococcus, filamentous fungi and yeasts, total and heat-tolerant coliforms proved elevated. In the samples of whole and ground meat, in addition to those above-cited, analyses of Salmonella sp. psychotrophic aerobes and sulfite-reducing clostridia were performed. By comparing the results of the microbiological analyses of the meats before and after grinding and handling, an increase of the microbial count in most of the samples analyzed was found, denoting inadequate cleaning of the grinding-machines and handlers' hands.