Investigation of gross alpha & gross beta radioactivity in surface water of Lixiating in 2014—2019 / 中国辐射卫生

Objective To carry out the gross alpha and gross beta radioactivity monitoring in Lixiating surface water in Daming Lake from 2014 to 2019, so as to understand the current situation of radioactive environmental quality of surface water in Daming Lake. Methods The water samples were collected at Lixiating site during the wet water (March to June) and dry water (September to December). After the pre-treatment process of evaporation, carbonization and ashing, the samples were measured by the ultra low background level α and β counter. Results During 2014 to 2019, the gross alpha activity in the surface water of Lixiating water in Daming Lake was 0.030-0.066 Bq/L, with an average of 0.048 Bq/L, and the gross beta activity was 0.085-0.126 Bq/L, with an average of 0.102 Bq/L. Conclusion The surface water of Lixiating in Daming Lake water was not contaminated by radionuclide and it was safe for public health.

Role of Fluoride on Soil, Plant and Human Health: A Review on Its Sources, Toxicity and Mitigation Strategies

In recent scenario, fluorosis is now going to be a severe problem throughout the globe due to toxic effects of fluoride (F) on both plants, animals and humans. Natural geological sources and increased industrialization have contributed greatly to the increasing incidence of F-induced human and animal health issues. The toxic effects of high doses of F may adversely affect human health by causing skeletal fluorosis, dental fluorosis, bone fractures, the formation of kidney stones, decreased birth rates, weakening of thyroid functionality and impair intelligence, particularly in children. High concentrations of F in soil may seriously threaten the life of plants, devastate soil microbial activity, disrupt the soil ecology and causes soil and water pollution. Hydrogen fluorides (HF) in gaseous form accumulated in the leaves of sensitive plants against a concentration gradient and HF mainly damages the plant by entering into its body in the form of gas and affects a variety of plant physiological processes. In this review we discuss about the effect of fluoride toxicity on plant, human and soil health and its mitigation strategies.

Effect of Municipal Solid Waste Open Dumping on Soil, Water, Crop, Human Health and Its Prospectives

Characterization of heavy metals in 5 Km2 range of dumping yard in relation to soil, water and crop has been studied. The concentration of Cd (4.05 mg/kg) in soil was higher than the permissible limit of WHO (3 mg/kg) and in descending order of metals in soil was found to be Fe> Cr>Cd>Ni>Zn>Cu>Pb and in bore well water it was Cr, Fe, Pb, Cd, Zn and Cu (23.20, 0.63, 0.31, 1.19 and 0.69 mg/l respectively) than the permissible limit (0.54, 0.40, 0.068, 0.03, 0.22, 0.018 mg/l) and their respective concentration ordered as Fe>Zn>Cu>Pb>Cd>Ni>Cr. Further the vegetables grown nearby dumping yard was highly contaminated by Cr in range (2.78 to 12.78 mgkg-1) in tomato, beans and cabbage and even in ragi and green gram Cr was high (1.78 to 14.96 mgkg-1). i.e., in Tomato; Cd>Fe>Cr>Zn>Pb>Ni>Cu, Beans; Cr>Cd>Pb>Fe>Zn>Cu>Ni, Cabbage; Cr>Cd>Pb>Fe>Zn>Cu>Ni, Ragi; Fe and Zn were below permissible limit and Pb, Ni, Cu, Cd are BDL and Green gram; Cr>Fe>Zn>Pb>Cu > Ni>Cd. In support of results, primary survey was conducted in nearby 20 villages circumventing the dumping yard. A total of 150 respondents were randomly enquired to know their level of knowledge and health status as result of open dumping site. The results revealed that 43.33%, 36% and 20.67% as medium, high and low impact in relation to heath and knowledge aspect of dumping site. Thus there is a considerable impact on environment and humans due to the presence of heavy metal in crop, soil and water.

Risk Assessment of the Metabolite M44 of Bixafen, One of the Active Substancesin Aviator Xpro EC225

Aviator Xpro EC 225 containing the active substance bixafen was assessed by VKM in spring 2013, and it was concluded that the metabolite M44 has potential for groundwater contamination. Furthermore, VKM assessed in late 2013 the relevance of this metabolite in accordance with the EU guidance document on metabolites in groundwater, and concluded that the malformations observed in rabbits exposed to the metabolite should be considered treatment related. VKM also concluded that the data presented to evaluate the possible genotoxic properties of the metabolite was insufficient to reach a conclusion. Based on this, the Norwegian Food Safety Authority rejected the approval of Aviator Xpro EC 225. The applicant has now submitted results from an in vivo study to strengthen the basis for assessment of genotoxic properties, and also submitted new historical controls in relation to the experimental studies on foetal developmental effects in rabbits. The VKM Panel on Plant Protection Products has discussed the questions raised by The Norwegian Food Safety Authority on the basis of the new data, and has the following opinion: On the assessment of genotoxic properties of the M44 metabolite of bixafen, one of the active ingredients of Aviator Xpro EC 225. It is the view of VKM Panel on Plant Protection Products that the new in vivo mouse micronucleus study, supplemented together with a separate study demonstrating bioavailability, overrides the results of the in vitro clastogenicity studies. Taken together, it is the opinion of VKM that under the conditions studied, M44 should be considered as non-genotoxic. On the assessment of the relevance of the foetal malformations in M44 exposed animals. VKMs Panel on Plant Protection products has assessed the arguments and new historical control data presented by the applicant, intended to show that metabolite M44 is not teratogenic. It is however the opinion of the Panel that the arguments and the new historical data provided by the applicant do not alter the panel’s previous conclusion; that the malformations observed in rabbits exposed to the metabolite M44 should be considered treatment related.

Physicochemical and Microbiological Assessments of Newly Dug Borehole Water Sources in Rafi Local Government, Minna, Niger State

The quality of potable water depends not only on its physical and chemical characteristics but also on its biological characteristics. Potable water is often sourced from surface water, mainly rivers, streams, lakes and groundwater - boreholes and wells; of which boreholes are supposedly superior. In the present study, the physicochemical and microbiological status of six newly drilled boreholes in Rafi Local Government Area, Minna, Niger State was assessed. Twenty-two physicochemical parameters and coliform count were determined. Water samples were collected from newly drilled borehole water sources in Tsofomension 1, TsofoMension 2, Katako, Tunga Bako, Kagara and Kwana. The colour, odour, taste, temperature, turbidity, conductivity, pH, chloride and copper ions were within acceptable limits. Iron and manganese content of the three regions were highly elevated above the recommended level. It is of concern that the level of hydrogen sulphide (0.2 - 0.27) was far above the permissible level (0.05), being newly drilled sources of water. Only one of the studied boreholes was free of both total and faecal coliforms, other boreholes were contaminated with either total or faecal coliforms or both. The findings in this study necessitate a call for increased hygiene and construction of lined soak-away to eradicate indiscriminate discharge of human and animal wastes. Appropriate water treatment methods such as coagulation, filtration and boiling of water should be encouraged. Most importantly, newly dug water sources should be tested, monitored and elaborately treated before consumption.

The Importance of Vanadium Concentration in Ground and Deep Ground Water for Spring Water Quality / 日本温泉気候物理医学会雑誌

  Vanadium, depending on the consumed dose may be toxic or health-promoting. Therefore, the knowledge of its concentration in the drinking therapeutic water, in particular in the medicinal mineral sources seems to be very important. This study was based on literature giving vanadium concentrations in some drinking waters derived from the ground and deep ground water.   The concentration of vanadium in ground water shown varies in the range from 1-138μgl−1. In volcanic regions of Italy vanadium concentration increases in relation to the water of a river as much as 100 fold. The concentration of vanadium in the mineral waters ranges from 1-93μgl−1. The problem of acceptable and desired concentration of vanadium in natural waters in the mineral remains open, but it seems that this concentration in the tested samples is not too high.

The Importance of Vanadium Concentration in Ground and Deep Ground Water for Spring Water Quality / 日本温泉気候物理医学会雑誌

  Vanadium, depending on the consumed dose may be toxic or health-promoting. Therefore, the knowledge of its concentration in the drinking therapeutic water, in particular in the medicinal mineral sources seems to be very important. This study was based on literature giving vanadium concentrations in some drinking waters derived from the ground and deep ground water.<BR>  The concentration of vanadium in ground water shown varies in the range from 1-138<i>μ</i>gl⁻¹. In volcanic regions of Italy vanadium concentration increases in relation to the water of a river as much as 100 fold. The concentration of vanadium in the mineral waters ranges from 1-93<i>μ</i>gl⁻¹. The problem of acceptable and desired concentration of vanadium in natural waters in the mineral remainsopen, but it seems that this concentration in the tested samples is not too high.

16-4 The Importance of vanadium concentration in water used in medical hydrology / 日本温泉気候物理医学会雑誌

Introduction: The dream of mankind since immemorial times is opportunity to drinking water from the source of life, water that restores health. The healing waters, which include spring and mineral waters derived from groundwater and deepwater. Depending on the geological origin of water they contain different content of minerals including metals like vanadium. Data available from animal studies, cell culture, and few clinical observations suggest the benefit from vanadium supplementation in diabetes. Objectives: Vanadium, depending on the consumed dose may be toxic or therapeutic. Unfortunately the WHO or other comparable authority did not rule definitively on this matter. Because of it, the aim of this study was, based on literature, to compare vanadium concentrations in some waters, particularly derived from the ground and deepground, Methods: Literature review. Measurements of the concentration of vanadium in publications included in this review, in the tested water samples were performed with spectroscopic techniques Results: The concentration of vanadium in mineral water and groundwater ranges from 0-138μg/l, this means that some water content was below the detection limit. The survey of the chemical composition of 571 European bottled mineral waters from Austria, Belgium, Bosnia Herzegovina, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, Great Britain, Ireland, Italy, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Russia, Spain, Switzerland, Ukraine shows that the concentration of vanadium was above the detection limit (1μg/l ) only in about 12% of the samples 1). while 132 samples of water from Australia, Belgium, Brazil, Canada, Czech Republic, Denmark, Dominican Republic, England, Finland, France, Germany, Hong Kong, Iceland, Israel, Italy, Japan, Kenya, Mexico, Netherlands, Peru, Poland, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Trinidad, the US and Yugoslavia vanadium concentration contain within 0.0006-93.1μg/l 2). The content of vanadium shows a fairly close relationship with the geological structure of the region of origin. In volcanic regions concentration increases in relation to the water of the river as much as 100 fold. The vanadium content in groundwater in Spain in the areas of Grenada ranged from 10.8-13μg/l 3), in Italy in area of Etna 18-138 μg/l, Lake Bracciano 17-30μg/l and the Costello 1-82μg/l 4), whereas, at the Lake Biwa in Japan 0.26 μg/l mm and in rainwater in Kyoto 0.37 μg/l 5). Conclusions: There is an urgent need to identify desirable and maximum permissible content of vanadium in the waters, especially in the waters used in medical hydrology. They can be useful here, observations of the state of health of the population living in regions with varying vanadium content.

16-4The Importance of vanadium concentration in water used in medical hydrology / 日本温泉気候物理医学会雑誌

<b>Introduction: </b>The dream of mankind since immemorial times is opportunity to drinking water from the source of life, water that restores health. The healing waters, which include spring and mineral waters derived from groundwater and deepwater. Depending on the geological origin of water they contain different content of minerals including metals like vanadium. Data available from animal studies, cell culture, and few clinical observations suggest the benefit from vanadium supplementation in diabetes.<BR><b>Objectives: </b>Vanadium, depending on the consumed dose may be toxic or therapeutic. Unfortunately the WHO or other comparable authority did not rule definitively on this matter. Because of it, the aim of this study was, based on literature, to compare vanadium concentrations in some waters, particularly derived from the ground and deepground, <BR><b>Methods: </b>Literature review. Measurements of the concentration of vanadium in publications included in this review, in the tested water samples were performed with spectroscopic techniques<BR><b>Results: </b>The concentration of vanadium in mineral water and groundwater ranges from 0-138μg/l, this means that some water content was below the detection limit. The survey of the chemical composition of 571 European bottled mineral waters from Austria, Belgium, Bosnia Herzegovina, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, Great Britain, Ireland, Italy, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Russia, Spain, Switzerland, Ukraine shows that the concentration of vanadium was above the detection limit (1μg/l ) only in about 12% of the samples ¹⁾. while 132 samples of water from Australia, Belgium, Brazil, Canada, Czech Republic, Denmark, Dominican Republic, England, Finland, France, Germany, Hong Kong, Iceland, Israel, Italy, Japan, Kenya, Mexico, Netherlands, Peru, Poland, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Trinidad, the US and Yugoslavia vanadium concentration contain within 0.0006-93.1μg/l ²⁾. The content of vanadium shows a fairly close relationship with the geological structure of the region of origin. In volcanic regions concentration increases in relation to the water of the river as much as 100 fold. The vanadium content in groundwater in Spain in the areas of Grenada ranged from 10.8-13μg/l ³⁾, in Italy in area of Etna 18-138 μg/l, Lake Bracciano 17-30μg/l and the Costello 1-82μg/l ⁴⁾, whereas, at the Lake Biwa in Japan 0.26 μg/l mm and in rainwater in Kyoto 0.37 μg/l ⁵⁾. <BR><b>Conclusions: </b>There is an urgent need to identify desirable and maximum permissible content of vanadium in the waters, especially in the waters used in medical hydrology. They can be useful here, observations of the state of health of the population living in regions with varying vanadium content.

Estimation of some heavy metals in polluted well water and mercury accumulation in broiler organs

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between the concentrations of heavy metals in well water and bioaccumulation of the most abundant metals in chicken tissues in some areas in the province of Mecca Almokaramah, Saudi Arabia. Among the heavy metals (Cd, Zn, Cr, Mn, Cu Hg, Pb and Ni) studied, mercury (Hg) revealed highest in concentration in well waters. The concentration of mercury in the ground water, beside in liver, kidney, muscle and blood samples of ten chickens from each of four poultry- production farms were estimated using atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The results showed that the kidney followed by liver had the highest bioaccumulation of mercury in all farm samples. The level of mercury in the ground water was 7.06µg/L. The relationship between mercury accumulation levels in the kidney and those in the liver tissues were proportionally correlated and altered with elevation in the antioxidant enzyme activities such as AST and ALT. These elevated enzymatic activities were induced by the level of toxicity. There was a significant elevation in the level of liver and kidney malondialdhyde (MDA), while the activities of antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase and catalase (SOD and CAT) were significantly decreased. Biochemical observations were supplemented by histopathological examination of liver and kidney sections.

Seasonal variations in physico-chemical characteristics of pond and ground water of Tiruchirapalli, India.

The aim of this study was to assess the open pond and groundwater quality of Tiruchirapalli city of Tamil Nadu, India. The groundwater quality viz., pH, electrical conductivity, total hardness, calcium ion, magnesium ion, chloride, carbonate, bicarbonate, inorganic nitrate, nitrite, phosphate, ammonia and reactive silicate were analysed with respect to various seasons and recorded in the range of 7.1 to 8.1, 97.67 to 533.67 mhos cm-1, 7.07 to 186 mg l-1, 4.67 and 112.0 mg l-1, 2.40 to 92.80 mg l-1, 15.23 to 661.73 mg l-1, 60 to 480 mg l-1, 22.7 to 544.9 mg l-1, 15.33 to 68.00 mg l-1, 0.001 to 0.480 mg l-1, 0.01 to 0.42 mg l-1, 0.02 to 0.75 mg l-1 and 1.1 to 2.96 mg l-1 respectively. The present findings concluded that the quality of ground waters can be considered suitable for human consumption. But the pond water available in and around Tiruchirappalli city was not fit for human usage, agricultural or industrial purposes.

Heavy metal contaminations in sagar lake and drinking water sources of sagar city.

There are various toxic elements present in our surroundings out of that the toxic heavy metals Pb, Cd, As, Se, Cr and Cu can cause several harms to human these metals enter in humans by water. The all kind of waste materials are thrown into natural water bodies in each city, this makes the all ground and natural water sources contaminated. The all six metals have determined by Atomic absorption spectrophotometer(AAS) in selected water samples from Sagar Lake and dug wells, hand pumps, tube wells etc. during Jan.2009 to June 2010 in every month the all most all sample have higher metal concentrations than their prescribed permissible limits by WHO.

Biological Effect of Heavy Metal in Drinking Water samples of Western Uttar Pradesh region in India.

Drinking water is a basic requirement for life and a determinant of standard of living. Poor water quality problem has also been observed in more number of habitations. Drinking water, in adequate quantity with safe quality is a basic requirement for life and a determinant of standard of living. Certain health problems are associated with people due to presence of excess of heavy metals and other impurities. The present study was conducted to analyze the various parameters of ground water in Uttar Pradesh India and to check its fitness for drinking. It will also clarify the health hazards imposed on the population of this state. The water samples are collected from Aligarh, Bulandshar, Merrut, MuzaffarNagar & Saharanpur zone of the Western U.P. region. Ten samples of ground water were collected from each of the five regions during the pre-mansoon (Jan-Feb) and post-mansoon (Sept-Oct ) seasons. The pH was estimated by pH meter, acidity, alkalinity, sulphates, chorides, Total hardness(Ca & Mg) were determined by titration methods. The total suspended solid was calculated by the formula. The heavy metals like Mn, Al, Ba, Cd, Cr, Co, Cu, Fe and Pb were determined in the ground water samples by ICP mass spectroscopy. The concentrations of heavy metals, pH, alkalinity, sulphate, chloride, TDS & Total Hardness (TH) were compared with the standards by BIS for Drinking water (IS 10500:2004). The results shows that water pH of all the five regions showed no remarkable variation from the BIS recommended value of pH (6.5-8.5). The alkalinity was above the BIS desirable level of 200mg/l in all the samples, but was less than the maximum permissible limit. The Drinking water of all the regions contains higher amounts of TDS than the desirable limits. Maximum TDS was detected in aligarh(780-820mg/litre). The ground water of Saharanpur region shows total hardness to be above the BIS desirable level of 300mg/l. The chloride content was above the BIS desirable level of 250mg/l in Aligarh only. The sulphate content was highest in aligarh (223mg/l). The Cd, Cr, &Pb content of all the five regions of Uttar Pradesh showed higher the BIS permissible limits of 0.003, 0.05 and 0.01mg/l respectively. The content of Mn, Ba, Cu, Co & Fe are within the permissible limit of BIS standards for drinking water.

Assessment of ground water quality in Mukkam, Chepalakancheru and Dallipeta: Coastal Villages of Vizianagaram District of Andhra Pradesh.

The present work was under taken to analyze the various water quality parameters, viz. pH, electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids, total alkalinity, total hardness, chloride, calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium and to assess the water quality in bore well and well water samples of three coastal villages Mukkam, Chepalakancheru and Dallipeta of Vizianagaram district of Andhra Pradesh. From each of the village, different sampling stations were identified and by composite sampling methods water samples were collected and analyzed for the various parameters. The results were compared with the values stipulated by World Health Organization (WHO), and ARE: 10500 for drinking water quality. In the present investigation the authors found that the overall quality of the three villages is poor and not recommended as potable.

Analytical study of water safety parameters in ground water samples of Uttarakhand in India.

The main problem of the locality is the drinking water. Certain health problems are associated with people living in hills that are because of the presence of excess of heavy metals and other impurities. The present study was conducted to analyze the various parameters of ground water in uttarakhand, India and to check its fitness for drinking. It will also clarify the health hazards imposed on the population of this state. The present study was conducted in five regions of Uttarakhand, India (Haridwar, Vikasnagar, Mussoorie, Dehradun & Dakpathar). Ten samples of ground water were collected from each of the five regions during the pre-mansoon (Jan-Feb ) and post-mansoon (Sept-Oct )seasons.The pH was estimated by pH meter, acidity,alkalinity, sulphates,chorides,Total hardness(Ca & Mg) were determined by titration methods. The total suspended solid was calculated by the formula. The heavy metals like Mn, Al, Ba, Cd, Cr, Co, Cu, Fe and Pb were determined in the ground water samples by ICP mass spectroscopy. The concentrations of heavy metals, pH, alkalinity, sulphate, chloride, TDS & Total Hardness (TH) were compared with the standards by BIS for Drinking water (IS 10500:1991). The results shows that water pH of all the five regions showed no remarkable variation from the BIS recommended value of pH (6.5-8.5). The alkalinity was above the BIS desirable level of 200mg/l in all the samples, but was less than the maximum permissible limit. The Drinking water of all the regions contains higher amounts of TDS than the desirable limits. maximum TDS was detected in Haridwar & dehradun state. The ground water of mussoorie region shows total hardness to be above the BIS desirable level of 300mg/l. The chloride content was above the BIS desirable level of 250mg/l in dehradun only. The sulphate content was highest in haridwar (197.5mg/l) and dehradun (170mg/l) but it was below the desirable limit of 200mg/l. The Cd,Cr,&Pb content of all the five regions of Uttarakhand showed higher the BIS permissible limits of 0.01, 0.05 and 0.05 mg/l respectively. The content of Mn,Ba,Cu, Co&Fe are within the permissible limit of BIS standards for drinking water.

Studies on water quality index of ground water of Aland Taluka, Gulbarga District, Karnataka.

Water Quality Index is one of the most effective tools to communicate information on the quality of ground water to the concerned citizens and policy makers. The objective of the present work is to assess the suitability of ground water for human consumption based on the computed water quality index values, ground water characteristics and quality assessment. Ten villages of Aland taluka are selected and at each village water samples at three places were collected using standard procedural methods and analyzed for pH, TH, Ca, Mg, Cl, TDS, Fe, F, NO3, SO4.

Correlation of fluoride with some inorganic constituents in ground water in Saidnagar Taluka, Rampur District, Uttar Pradesh, India.

Ground water sample of Saidnagar Taluka of Rampur district of Uttar Pradesh, India have been collected either from the bore wells (from the part of the municipal water supply) or from the hand pumps (direct consumption) were determined the relationship of the fluoride content to other inorganic constituents in ground water samples from 14 different villages in the Saidnagar Taluka of Rampur district of Uttar Pradesh,India,the levels of various inorganic constituents in the water such as pH hardness, total hardness, alkalinity, Cl-, So4 2-, No3 -, Ca2+ and Mg2+ were determined, from correlation analysis was found to be positively related to total hardness, noncarbonated hardness, So4 2-, Ca2+ and Mg2+ but there appeared no significant association between the fluoride concentration and other parameter.

Water quality assessment of ground water resources around sugar factory of Jamkhandi Town, Bagalkot District, Karnataka State.

Ground water samples collected from different locations around sugar factory area within the range of 4 kms. Ground water from nine different spots were collected during October-2009 to January-2010 and analyzed for their physical characteristics. The analyzed results were compared with the water quality standards of WHO and ISI. The parameter values were determined using standard procedures. The quality of ground water samples were discussed for their suitability for domestic purposes was examined by using standards. The main objective of this study is to identify the quality of ground water especially in the industrial area and to calculate water quality index for different ground water sources at industrialized area. The investigation of quality assessment of water resources around Jamakhandi sugars in different three unions.

Study of fluoride content in groundwater of Nawa Tehsil in Nagaur, Rajasthan.

There is a severe fluoride problem in Nawa tehsil of Nagaur district. Villagers are suffering from dental fluorosis and skeletal fluorosis. So an extensive geochemical study of 27 villages of eastern, south-eastern and southern zone of Nawa tehsil was done. Total 46 ground water samples were collected and analyzed for various physicochemical parameters as well as fluoride content. The ground water samples collected in clean polyethylene plastic containers were analyzed for pH, electrical conductivity, total dissolved salts, calcium, magnesium, total hardness, chloride and alkalinity. The fluoride concentration in the three different zones ranged from 0.64 to 14.62 mg l-1 where 13.04% samples were found within permissible limit while 86.96% had fluoride beyond permissible limit (> 1.5 mg l-1). It was found that among the three different zones south-eastern zone was under serious fluoride contamination where fluoride concentration ranged between 1.10 to 14.62 mg l-1. In the eastern zone fluoride concentration was recorded from 1.52 to 5.13 mg l-1 whereas in the southern zone it was found between 0.64 to 3.63 mg l-1.

Chemometric studies of water quality parameters of Sankarankovil block of Tirunelveli, Tamilnadu.

The fluoride concentration in ground water was determined in Sankarankovil block of Tirunelveli district of Tamilnadu (India) where it is the only source of drinking water. Various other water quality parameters such as pH, electrical conductivity, total hardness and total alkalinity as well as calcium, magnesium, carbonate, bicarbonate and chloride concentrations were also measured. A systematic calculation of correlation co-efficient among different physico-chemical parameters was performed. The analytical results indicated considerable variations among the analyzed samples with respect to their chemical composition. Majority of the samples do not comply with Indian as well as WHO water quality standards. The fluoride concentration in the ground water of these villages varied from 0.66 to 3.84 mg l-1, causes dental fluorosis among people especially children of these villages. The high and low fluoride containing areas were located using isopleth mapping technique. Overall water quality was found unsatisfactory for drinking purposes without any prior treatment except at few locations out of 50 villages.