The Health Thoughts and Contemporary Enlightenment of Aristotle / 中国医学伦理学

In the Nicomachean Ethics, Aristotle expounded his thoughts on health by analogy. Through summarizing Aristotle’s main thoughts on health, which including clarifying that the purpose of medicine is health, thinking that only moderation can create, promote and maintain health, emphasizing active-passive doctor-patient relationship, and generally respecting medical discipline and healthy life, this paper founded that his thoughts on health have obvious limitations. The limitations included: ignored the purpose of medicine also included group health; the "moderation" theory lacked accuracy and scientificity; weakened the patient’s right to speak in the doctor-patient relationship and did not give a clear guide to "how to live a healthy life". And then explored the enlightenment of Aristotle’s health thoughts to the development of contemporary society.

Patient satisfaction with intraoral examination in a Nigerian tertiary hospital

Objectives: While studies on satisfaction following medical procedures are well documented, but this is not so with dental procedures. Therefore, this study aims to determine the level of satisfaction in patient undergoing intraoral examination (IOE). Material and Methods: Consecutive patients attending the oral diagnosis clinic of University of Benin Teaching Hospital from April 2020 to September 2020 were interviewed using a questionnaire modified from the modified Group Health Association of America-9 questionnaire. Results: A total number of 103 consecutive dental patients were recruited as they all agreed to participate in the study. The age range was 18­77 years with a mean age of 35.8 ± 14.3 years. There were more males (51.5%). The overall satisfaction was 82.5%. The maximum satisfactory response was on doctor's manner (93.2%), followed by staff 's manner (89.3%), comfort during IOE (80.6%), adequate explanation (78.6%), and finally by waiting time (60.2%). There was association between occupation (P = 0.04) of the patients, type of dental condition (P = 0.03), waiting time (P = 0.01), doctor's manner (P = 0.00), staff manner (P = 0.00), adequate explanation (P = 0.00), comfort during IOE (P = 0.00), and level of satisfaction. The problem rate was 16%. Conclusion: Although waiting time and adequate explanation ranked the highest in terms of unfavorable responses, the overall satisfaction of patients following IOE was generally good. The factors that influence satisfaction were occupation of the patients, type of dental condition, waiting time, doctor's manner, staff manner, adequate explanation, and comfort during IOE.

A fragilidade/resistência da vida humana em comunidades rurais do Pantanal Mato-grossense, MT, Brasil / The fragility/strength of human life in rural communities of the Pantanal wetlands, Mato Grosso State, Brazil

A fragilidade/resistência da vida humana tomada no sentido ambíguo/complexo sugere o olhar para a dinâmica da vida de grupos populacionais específicos. O estudo de uma comunidade no entorno da Reserva Particular do Patrimônio Natural do Serviço Social do Comércio - RPPN SESC Pantanal, Distrito Rural de Joselândia, município de Barão de Melgaço (MT), no período de 2003-2005, buscou aprender o modo de vida dessa população, articulando a explicação do processo saúde-doença com os aspectos históricos, econômicos e sociais da comunidade em questão e a singularidade das práticas de cura ocorridas no local. Utilizou-se de registros documentais históricos, depoimentos de moradores, inquérito populacional, entrevistas e observações. Verificou-se que houve mudanças nos laços de solidariedade entre os moradores no trabalho e na produção de alimentos. As práticas de cura populares são alternativas utilizadas para abrandar os sintomas e doenças. A fragilidade/resistência deste grupo específico se configura enquanto resistência baseada nas relações de solidariedade e familiares e a fragilidade na dificuldade do acesso ao trabalho, serviços de saúde e equipamentos públicos.

From an ambiguous/complex standpoint, the fragility/strength of human life suggests an approach based on observations of the life-style dynamics of specific population groups. Conducted between 2003 and 2005, this study of a community living alongside the Pantanal Wetlands Private Natural Heritage Reserve established by the Social Enterprise Support Centre (RPPN/ SESC) in the Joselândia Rural District, Barão de Melgaço Municipality, Mato Grosso State, Brazil, explores its life-style, linking explanations of the health/disease process to historical, economic and social aspects of this community and the singularity of local healing practices, using historical documentary records, statements from local residents, a population poll, interviews and observations. Changes were noted in the links of solidarity among community members at work and for growing food. Healing practices based on folk-medicine are alternatives used to relieve symptoms and diseases. The fragility/strength of this specific community is established through strength based on solidarity and family ties, while its fragility is due to difficulties in accessing work, healthcare services and public facilities.

Nivel de conocimientos sobre su enfermedad en pacientes diabéticos tipo 2 del primer nivel de atención médica / Disease knowledge among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients attending primary care

Objetivo: Evaluar el grado de conocimientos teóricos sobre su enfermedad, en una población diabética, tanto de forma global como por áreas de conocimiento. Material y métodos: Estudio transversal en dos Clínicas de Medicina Familiar del ISSSTE. A 141 pacientes con diagnóstico de diabetes mellitus tipo 2, se les aplicó un cuestionario de conocimientos teóricos, asociando una serie de variables personales con el nivel de conocimientos a través de la prueba estadística chi cuadrada con nivel de significancia de p < 0.05. Resultados: Se tuvieron 29.2% de respuestas correctas. Sólo 12.3% aprobaron el examen. El mayor porcentaje (42.4%) correspondió al área de glucosa en sangre. No se encontró asociación entre el control metabólico de los pacientes y su nivel de conocimientos. Las variables presentar menor edad, nivel académico superior y menos de 10 años de diagnóstico de la enfermedad, se tradujeron en nivel mayor de conocimientos. Conclusiones: El nivel de conocimientos en la población de estudio es bajo, pero no muy diferente a lo informado en la literatura. El análisis de las variables permite reconocer ciertas características personales que pueden incidir en ese nivel. Se evidencia la necesidad de reforzar los programas de instrucción diabetológica, como una herramienta esencial en el control de la enfermedad.

OBJECTIVE: assess disease knowledge among a patient population. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Cross-sectional study in two health care centers belonging to the National Institute of Social Security (ISSSTE). A general knowledge questionnaire was applied to 141 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Chi-square tests to compare demographic variables with knowledge level were used. Alpha was set at p < 0.05. RESULTS: 29.2% of participants scored correct answers and only 12.3% were fully knowledgeable. The highest percentage (42.4%) of correct knowledge was related to levels of blood glucose. There was no association between appropriate metabolical control among patients and disease knowledge. Being younger, having higher education and less than 10 years with the disease generated higher levels of knowledge. CONCLUSIONS: Knowledge levels among the studied population are low and similar to the results from the literature. Demographic characteristics such as age and education are associated with changes in degree of knowledge. Patient educational programs are a fundamental component of a comprehensive approach to diabetes prevention.

Medical students’"group health"education status and countermeasures / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Institute for International Medical Education(IIME) develops the concept of global minimum essential requirements,in which the knowledge and skills of"group health"are ranked as the important parts of training the qualified medical students. But in China,the medi-cal colleges almost run the schools according to the traditional teaching system. Whether teach-ing the knowledge of group health is consistent with the current personnel training requirements deserves our attention. Based on the investigation of teaching status about the medical students "group health"knowledge,the author finds the problems in the field of education with regard to the knowledge and skills and puts forward specific measures to improve it.

Worker's demands and Group Health Service Agency's Intention for Worksite Medical Care / 대한산업의학회지

OBJECTIVES: This study was performed to survey worker's demands for worksite medical care and agency's intention for offering worksite medical care in Group Health Service Agency. METHODS: One study subjects were employers, workers and office personnels in 167 factories. They were asked for medical care utilization behavior and worksite medical care demand. 121 employers(72.5%), 145 office personnels(86.8%) and 816 workers(60.5%) answered the questionnaire. The other subjects were doctors, nurses and administrators in 66 Group Health Service Agencies nationwide. They were asked for intention of offering worksite medical care in Group Health Service Agency through the mail survey. 31 doctors(47.0%), 38 nurses(57.6%) and 34 administrators answered the questionnaire. RESULTS: 87 percentage of doctors and 94 percentage of nurses had experiences of being requested to prescribe and laboratory examination. All nurses, 94 percentage of administrators and 76 percentage of doctors thought that it was necessary to give medical treatment at worksite. Also in worksite 85 percentage of employers, 86 percentage of office personnels and 81 percentage of workers answered that they accepted the worksite medical care when it would be given. CONCLUSIONS: Worksite medical care should be permitted because almost of all workers and employers requested worksite medical care, and doctors and nurses in Group Health Service Agency were willing to give worksite medical care and there was necessity to prevent occupational cerebrovascular disease.

Perception, Attitude and Praetical Behavioral Change of Industrial Health Care Manager toward Group Health Care System / 대한산업의학회지

To evaluate the change of perception, attitude and practice toward Group Health Care Systerl for small and medium industries, a survey using self-administered questionnaire was conducted to a part of industries in Inchon area, in year 1992 and 1993. major dependent variables were perception, attitude, and practical behavioral change related with Croup Health Care System ; these variables were measured by 3-point Likert like scale. 47 industries were used in analysis. Psrception of year 1993 was higher (1.25) than that (1 34) of 1992. Attitude of yeal. 1993 was also slightly higher (1.46) than that (1.43) of 1992. Both data indicated positive attitude. Practice of year 1993 was slightly lewer (0.86) tHan that (0.90) of 1992, but its change didn't have any statistical significance. In year 1992, major determinants of perception, attitude and behaviral change were sex and age of industrial health care manager ; they had positive efffct upon perception and practice. In yeal. 1993, it was sex of health care manager; it had influenced upon practice. Both year 1992 and 1993, perception was higher and attitude was more positive. In the case of higher perception or positive attitude, practice was active accordingly. To accelerate the behavioral change of health care manager, it is necessary to eaucate them continuously.

Job Analyses of Health Care Managers in Group Health Care System / 예방의학회지

For developing the Group Health care system, health managers' job structure were analysed in the aspects of content, amount, and process. As a trial research, data were collected by a standardized job analysis table to 6 doctors, 40 nurses, and 11 industrial hygienists of Group Health Care System. Health care managers were performing complex and intellectual jobs such as health education for workers, managing health care, conference as well as more simple jobs like as filling diary. Especially, job was consisted of general job and health care management job in the proportion of 1:2.18. The major general job were data management related with the health statistics, and major health care management jobs were managing health care, health counselling, environmental management of working sites. Each specific jobs were required differentiated intellectual capacity, creativity, autonomy, psychic stress, and physical work; most respondents perceived that health care management jobs should require more inputs than general jobs Additionally job satisfaction and perceived need on specific job items were analysed. Results of this research, suggested through the field experiences in working sites, should be considered for improving the Group Health Care System.

Perception and attitude toward group health management and service system for small and medium industries in Inchon / 예방의학회지

To investigate perception and attitude toward Group Health Management and Services System for Small and Medium Industries, a survey using self-administered questionnaire was conducted to a part of industries in Inchon, at October 1992. Major dependent variables were perception, attitude, and practice related with Group Health Management and Service System; these variables were measured by 3-point Likert like scale consisted of 7, 5, and 5 items, respectively. Data were collected in 149 industries, 72.7% out of 205. Perception was slightly high, 1.25; attitude was some positive, 1.46; and practice was some passive, 0.94. Major determinants of perception, attitude, and practice were sex and age of industry's health manager; perception influenced upon attitude, and perception and attitude had positive effect upon practice. To activate Group Health Management and Service System, it is necessary to develop education and promotion programs for industry's health managers of small and medium industries.