ABSTRACT
Background: Overnourished under-five children are anthropometrically classified as either being at possible risk of overweight, overweight or obese and defined so, when either weight for height or body mass index for age (BMI-for-age) are >1SD to 2SD, >2SD to 3SD and >3SD, respectively of the analogous World Health Organization standards. Aim: To compare weight for height and BMI for age definitions for quantifying overnutrition burden. Methods: Theoretical consequences of ignoring age were evaluated by comparing, at varying height for age z-scores, the age- and sex-specific cutoffs of BMI that would define overnutrition with these two metrics. Overnutrition prevalence was then compared in simulated populations (short, intermediate and tall) and real-life datasets from India. Results: In short (-2SD) children, the BMI cutoffs with weight for height criteria were lower in comparison to BMI for age till 7-8 months, but higher at later ages. In National Family Health Survey-4, India dataset (short population), overnutrition (>1SD) prevalence with weight for height was higher from 0-0.5 years (exclusive breastfeeding age), but lower at subsequent ages. The prevalence difference (weight for height - BMI for age) in 0.5-5 years was -2.26% (6.57% vs 8.83%); this attenuated in 0-5 years (-1.55%; 7.23% vs 8.78%). The discrepancy was maximal for stunted children and was lower in girls. A similar pattern, of lower magnitude, was observed for overweight (>2SD) comparison. In intermediate and tall populations, there were no meaningful differences. Conclusion: The two definitions produce cutoffs, and hence estimates of overnutrition, that differ with the age, sex, and height of under-five children. The relative invariance, with age and height, of BMI for age, favors its use.
ABSTRACT
Anthropometry and growth assessment are useful for not only growth monitoring but also differential diagnosis of diseases in clinic. They can provide information about influencing factors of physical growth,and may give insight into the basic mechanisms underlying the growth disturbance and thus the pathogenesis of the disease. The core elements of anthropometry are weight and height. By taking accurate physical measurements,pediatrician can learn about the growth,body proportion,and disturbance of the developmental process in quantitative terms. However,pure number of measurements are meaningless. They are valuable only in relation to other parameters and in comparison with normal values.
ABSTRACT
Este estudo teve por objetivo avaliar o estágio de crescimento de alunos de 1ª a 4ª série de uma escola pública no município de Holambra-SP, sendo 60 escolares (33 meninas e 27 meninos). A metodologia incluiu dois tipos de avaliação: a) avaliação antropométrica (estatura, peso e composição corporal) e b) avaliação motora (motricidade fina, motricidade global, equilíbrio, esquema corporal, rapidez e organização espacial). Os resultados obtidos revelaram padrão normal de crescimento para ambos os sexos, com pequenas diferenças de estatura, peso e composição corporal. O sexo feminino como era esperado, apresentou maiores porcentagens de gordura corporal, especialmente devido ao fato de algumas meninas estarem iniciando a fase de estirão. Os dados coletados de Índice de Massa Corporal (IMC) apontaram três casos de obesidade, oito de sobrepeso e um abaixo do peso. Os testes motores constantes da Escala de Desenvolvimento Motor - EDM - demonstraram a Idade Motora Geral (IMG) dos escolares como sendo de perfil normal médio, indicando superioridade do sexo feminino para habilidades como: equilíbrio, esquema corporal, rapidez e organização espacial. Quanto às correlações dos dados, os resultados foram pouco significativos, registrando apenas forte correlação com a IMG e a altura e massa magra no sexo masculino e correlação entre IMG e altura para o sexo feminino.
This study aims to evaluate the growth stage of the creation of 1st 4th grade students in public schools in the municipality of Holambra-SP, 60 children (33 girls and 27 boys). The methodology includes anthropometric measurements such as height, weight and body composition and application of motor tests. The results revealed a normal pattern of growth for both sexes, with small differences in height, weight and body composition. Females as expected, showed higher percentages of body fat, especially given the fact that some schools are launching a phase of growth spurt. BMI three cases of obesity, overweight and an eight underweight. The motor testes of EDM ranked General Motor Age in the profile of the students average normal with the female superiority of skills such as: Balance, Body Schema/ Speed and Space Organization. As for the correlation of the data, the results were very significant, registering only a strong correlation with IMG and the height and lean mas in males, and IMG and height females.