Secular changes on the distribution of body mass index among Chinese children and adolescents, 1985-2010 / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To analyze the change in Body Mass Index (BMI) distribution among Chinese children and adolescents for the development of more effective intervention for childhood obesity.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Data on the national students' constitution and health survey between 1985 and 2010 was used for this study. Subjects were students aged 7-18 randomly selected from 30 provinces in China. BMI for-age curves were developed by LMS method, and the trend of BMI distribution was determined by comparing the upper BMI percentiles and analyzing the skew shift of distribution between 1985 and 2010.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>An overall positive swift trend of BMI between 1985 and 2010 was observed among the Chinese school-age children and adolescents. The average median of the BMI increased from 16.8 and 17.0 kg/m2 to 18.2 and 17.9 kg/m2 in 25 years, with increments 0.56 and 0.36 kg/m2 per decade for males and females, respectively. The more obvious increments were found at the high BMI. The total increments of BMI in this period were 4.03 and 2.20 kg/m2 at the 85th, 6.14 and 3.57 kg/m2 at the 95th, and 6.99 and 4.27 kg/m2 at the 97th percentiles, for males and females, respectively.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Obvious increments were observed at high BMI of the Chinese children and adolescents. More effective interventions should be taken for control and prevention of obesity and its health consequence for these subgroups. It is necessary to establish a risk-complex system consisting of the identification of BMI scope, the screen of the disease risk factors and the assessment of excessive adiposity.</p>

Semi-longitudinal study on growth development of children aged 6 to 16 / 대한치과교정학회지

In orthodontic field, it is very important to understand the normal growth, Such an understanding can be derived from observation of normal growth in various samples from childhood to adulthood, and this builds a foundation from which growth abnormality or variation can be defined. Thus, a broad data collection of normal children, as well as basic study reviewing such data become necessary. The relationship between the mean values of cephalometric measurements in Growth and Development was studied among the group(boys and Girls) of Korean children from the ages 6-years to 16-years. 220 boys 170 girls were chosen as subjects : cephalometric X-ray were taken for 3 years and hard tissue analysis on McNamara and Riketts Analysis which was divided into measurements of 5 parts(Cranial base, Cranial base and Maxilla & Mandible, Maxilla and Mandible, Mandible. Dental measurements). The relationship of craniofacial growth was studied. The following conclusions were obtained: 1. There was statistically significant differences in anterior cranial base between the two sexes of 14 and 15-year groups. 2. In comparison of growth amounts among different age group, statistically singnificant difference in Posterior facial height exhisted among 10~11, 12~13 and 14~15year-old interval groups. This pattern increased with aging. 3. Na perpendicular to A showed earlier growth peak in females(11-12years) than males (12-13years). When horizontal measurements of point A and Pogonion are compared, mandibular growth appeared to be greater. 4. Maximum growth peak of cranial base and mandible was earlier in females (11-12 years) than males(13-14years). 5. Upper central incisor flared out with aging, and there were increases in lower incisor to A-Pg, and lower incisor inclination. There was significant difference between the two sexes in 10-years-old group.

Growth Changes of Lower Extremities after Pyogenic or Tuberculous Knee Joints in Children / 대한정형외과학회잡지

It is well-known that the infection of bone and joints could produce the shortening by destroying the articuiar cartilage and growth plate, or the lengthening hy increased hlood circulation to the epiphyseal and metaphyseal regions of long bone. Since 1985, we have treated total l7 cases of children s pyogenic or tuberculous children s knee with early arthrotomy and continuous irrigation etc. and followed their long hone growth for average 53 months after surgical intervention. Five patients (group I ) were early treated within 2 weeks and twelve patients(group 3 ) were delayed to treat their knees for more than 2 weeks of symptom development. Total 11 patients out of 17 cases(64.7%) (2 cases of group 1 pyogenic arthritis, and 1 case of group l and 8 cases of group II tuberculous arthritis) revealed growth acceleration. Femoral lengthening was much more greater than that of tibial growth, and the size of patella, distal femoral and proximal tibial epiphysis which were measured by computerized digitizer were also significantly larger than that of opposite knee. The total limb length was increased hy average 7mm in 6 months, l4mm in 1 year and 3mm in 2 years after operation. These results suggest the pyogenic and tuberculous arthritis in children s knee should he treated as early as possible after symptoms developed, and followed them to trace their limh inequality for at least 2 years after surgery. That means the early arthrotomy for tuberculous knee or even in pyogenic arthritis can preserve normal articular cartilage and can also prevent the early epiphyseal closure hy infection. and can get the limh lengthening by increased blood circulation around the knee joint.

The longitudinal growth changes of craniofacial structure in Korean adult (during the age of 24 to 31) / 대한치과교정학회지

Recently, according to the increase of adult patient, it is neccessory to understand the growth changes of adult after cessation of active pubertal growth in clinical orthodontics. The purpose of this study was to investigate the growth changes of craniofacial structure after active growth period(afult) in order to use reference in clinical orthodontics. Authors followed the 40 sample(male 25, female 15) from 24 to 31 years of age. By analyzing the serial cephalograms, authors could get the following findings. ? The mandible rotated clockwise in female, but not in male, and no incremental growth change in both genders. ? The anterior facial height and lower anterior facial height were increased in both genders, the increase of lower anterior facial height exceed the posterior facial height increase in famale. ? The cranial base was stable throughout observation period. ? The upper incisors uprighted slightly in female. ? There were quite great the individual variation in the growth change of ceaniofacial structure in adult.