ABSTRACT
Tinospora cordifolia (Guduchi or Gurjo), a herbaceous vine or climbing deciduous shrub, is consider as an important medicine in the Ayurvedic system of medication, which is available in India, China, Myanmar, Bangladesh and Srilanka. Menispermaceae is the family of this compound. T. cordifolia have a variety of properties to treat various ailments such as fevers, jaundice, diabetes, dysentery, urinary infections, and skin diseases. This compound has been subjected to many chemicals, pharmacological, pre-clinical, or clinical investigations and some new therapeutic potential effects have been indicated. This review aims to summarize the critical information concerning in areas of chemical constituents, chemical structure, and pharmacokinetic activities such as anti-diabetic, anticancer, immune-modulatory, antivirus (especially in silico study about COVID-19), antioxidant, antimicrobial, hepatoprotective and its effect on cardiovascular and neurological disorders as well as rheumatoid arthritis. This traditional herb needs more experimental study on the clinical, pre-clinical study, and clinical efficacy of these compounds for the prevention and treatment of COVID-19 and needs large-scale clinical studies to prove the clinical efficacy of this compound, especially in stress-related diseases and other neuronal disorders.
Subject(s)
Humans , Tinospora/chemistry , COVID-19 , Plant Extracts/chemistry , Antioxidants/chemistryABSTRACT
Background: Argyreia boseana Santapau and Patel commonly known as Kumbharao belongs to the familyof Convolvulaceae. The plant is rare in distribution and found chiefly in the dediapada region of Gujarat.Traditionally it is used by the tribals of south Gujarat forest region in the treatment of various diseases ofthe nervous system. In order to study the scientific basis of the plants effect we set out to investigate theeffect of the plant on ageing organisms and used Caenorhabditis elegans as a model.Objective: To evaluate the effect of crude extract of leaves, prepared from A. boseana on oxidative stress,thermal stress, longevity and in vivo gene expression of C. elegans.Material and Methods: Plant extracts was prepared by sonication based method using solvent ethanol:water. Longevity experiments were carried out in liquid S media. Oxidative stress was induced byparaquat.Result: Results indicate no increase in the normal life span of C. elegans. However, A. boseana significantlyinduces stress tolerance and increased the mean lifespan of worms during thermal and oxidative stress.Additionally A. boseana was also able to up regulate the stress associated gene gst-4.Conclusion: Thus the present study, for the first time, unravels the anti-stress and ROS modulating effectof A. boseana.
ABSTRACT
The enhancement of immunity of fish through application of natural immunostimulants would help in minimizing the risk of occurrence of diseases in aquaculture. The present study was designed to evaluate the growth promoting and immunostimulatory effect of Guduchi, Tinospora cordifolia (Thunb.) Miers ex Hook F. leaf powder in fingerlings of Amur carp (Cyprinus carpio haematopterus Martens). The fingerlings were divided into four treatment groups, T1, T2, T3 and T4. Experimental diets were prepared by mixing rice bran, deoiled mustard cake, soybean meal and vitamin mineral mixture. The leaf powder of T. cordifolia was incorporated into diets D2, D3 and D4 @ 0.25%, 0.5% and 0.75%, respectively. In control diet D1, leaf powder of T. cordifolia was not incorporated. T1 group fishes were fed with D1 diet, T2 with D2, T3 with D3 and T4 with D4 @ 5% body weight per day for 90 days. Fingerlings fed with diet D4 achieved significantly improved Specific Growth Rate (1), Feed Conversion Ratio (2.76), and Gross Conversion Efficiency (0.361) as compared to the control and all other treatments (P <0.05). Hematological and biochemical parameters, total leuckocyte count (53.849×103/µL), total erythrocyte count (3.50×106/µL), hemoglobin concentration (17.17%), total serum protein, albumin and globulin (12.35, 1.56 and 10.78 g/dL) in D4 diet fed fishes showed increase as compared to the control and all other treatments (P <0.05). The above research revealed that Tinospora cordifolia leaf powder has significant growth promoting and immunostimulatory potential in Amur carp raising.
ABSTRACT
Currently, available conventional options for diabetes mellitus have certain limitations of their own, and options from medicinal plants with antihyperglycemic activities are being searched to meet the need. Antidiabetic properties of Tinospora cordifolia are highly appreciated in Ayurveda and even in recent modern researches. Several studies on its extracts (viz. immunemodulatory, anti-hyperglycemic, antioxidant, adaptogenic, hepatoprotective, hormone regulator etc.) and isolated phytoconstituents (like tinosporin, berberine, jatrorrhizine etc.) have reported that it is a preventive and curative antidiabetic herb, which are substantiated by clinical trials. Scattered information pertaining to antidiabetic potential of Tinospora is reported. Present review encompasses (i) in-depth information of reported antidiabetic activities of the plant in light of available experimental and clinical studies, and (ii) understanding on the possible mechanism of its action in combating the complex pathology of diabetes.
ABSTRACT
Guduchi has been widely used in the traditional medicine as an immunomodulator. Description of guduchi in Ayurvedic literature resemble with T. sinensis rather than with commonly available T. cordifolia and hence this may be used as substitutes for T. sinensis. T. cordifolia growing on Azadirachta indica commonly called Neem-guduchi has more immunomodulatory potential. Thus, immunomodulatory activity of three Tinospora spp. was assessed by checking humoral and cell mediated immune responses to the antigenic challenges with sheep RBCs and by neutrophil adhesion tests on albino Wistar rats using Guduchi-Satwa, a well known dosage form. Results revealed that Neem-guduchi possesses higher immunomodulatory potential at the dose of 300 mg/kg, po and validated the traditional claim. Hence, Neem-Guduchi can be employed in immunomodulatory formulation prepared using guduchi.
Subject(s)
Animals , Azadirachta/chemistry , Azadirachta/growth & development , Immunomodulation , Neutrophils/drug effects , Neutrophils/immunology , Phagocytosis/drug effects , Phagocytosis/immunology , Plant Extracts/administration & dosage , Plant Extracts/chemistry , Plant Extracts/immunology , Rats , Tinospora/chemistry , Tinospora/immunologyABSTRACT
Guduchi Satva (GS), the starchy material extracted from the Guduchi stem is well-known Ayurvedic single drug formulation having a wide range of therapeutic utility. Species of the plant, stem size, collection time, season and maturity of the plant may affect the yield and physico-chemical profi le of GS. However, published data on such variations is lacking. Considering this, present study is planned to screen seasonal variations in physico-chemical profi le of GS. 18 batches of GS were prepared in six different seasons (3 batches in each season) and fi ndings were systematically recorded. The obtained Satva was further subjected to relevant physico-chemical parameters. Principal component analysis method was adopted to analyze variations. Maximum yield of Satva was obtained in Shishira Ritu (January-February) while the minimum in Grishma (May-June). Variation in taste and color was found in Satva prepared in Varsha Ritu. All functional groups were found to be same in each season. Total alkaloidal contents found bit higher in Varsha and Vasanta. More residual x-variance in alcohol soluble extract and more leverage were observed in water soluble extract due to impact of seasonal spells.
ABSTRACT
Aims: Aim of this study was to evaluate the comparative efficacy of Tinospora cordifolia (Willd.) Miers ex Hook. F., Tinospora sinensis (Lour.) Merrill and T. cordifolia growing on Neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss.) called Neem-guduchi. Study Design: Selected species have been widely used in the traditional medicine systems in various dosage forms to treat liver disorders. They are of common occurrence and are being used as substitutes to each other. There is no comparative hepatoprotection study yet published, therefore, present study has carried out. Place and Duration of Study: Interactive Research School for Health Affairs, Pune and Amrutvahini College of Pharmacy, Sangamner, between November 2011 and August 2012. Methodology: Guduchi-Satwa, a well-known dosage form was prepared according to the traditional procedure. Hepatoprotective potential was assessed using paracetamolinduced hepatotoxicity model in rats and evaluated by using biochemical parameters viz. alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and total bilirubin (BIL). Results: Both T. cordifolia and T. sinensis Satwa significantly reduced the paracetamol induced elevated levels of serum ALT, AST, ALP and BIL at dose of 200 mg/kg, i.p. as compared to Neem-guduchi. Conclusions: Satwa preparation form of T. sinensis offers exploitable level of hepatoprotection potential.
ABSTRACT
In the present work, Guduchi Ghana (concentrated form of aqueous extract of Guduchi) was prepared according to the method described in classical text – Sidhdha Yoga Samgraha and the other sample of aqueous extract was purchased from the market for the assessment of the immunomodulatory activity. It was done by haemagglutination antibody titre method for humoral immunity and footpad swelling method for cell mediated immunity on wistar albino rats. Results of present studies suggest that Guduchi Ghana prepared by classically was found to possess significant immunostimulatory action on immune system but market sample of it exhibited significant immunosuppression effect in dose dependent manner when compare with control group at a dose of 50 mg/kg orally.