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Resumen Un sobreviviente de cáncer padece continuamente manifestaciones autonómicas debidas a la enfermedad, su tratamiento oncológico, y el estrés psicológico con que se enfrenta continuamente. Una de las medidas psicofisiológicas utilizada para la valoración del estrés es la disminución de la temperatura periférica. En contraparte, los procedimientos psicológicos de relajación para el manejo de estrés buscan incrementar la temperatura. Sin embargo, se desconoce si esta respuesta es igual en todas pacientes. El objetivo de esta investigación fue examinar los cambios de temperatura durante un protocolo de estrés psicosocial y relajación en pacientes sobrevivientes de cáncer de mama. Adicionalmente, se evaluó el autorreporte de dolor y su interferencia con el funcionamiento psicosocial. Los resultados mostraron variaciones de temperatura periférica en las pacientes; sin embargo, no todas las pacientes presentaron el mismo patrón de temperatura, encontrando 3 subgrupos de pacientes, cuyas trayectorias lineales de temperatura permitieron generar un pronóstico afectivo para el manejo de estrés. Por autorreporte, no se encontraron diferencias psicosociales entre los subgrupos, aunque sí se encontró una asociación inversa entre la interferencia del sueño y la temperatura periférica. Se concluye que la temperatura periférica permite distinguir a las pacientes que se les dificulta el manejo del estrés psicosocial de aquellas que se benefician de los procedimientos psicológicos de relajación.
Abstract A cancer survivor continually suffers from autonomic manifestations due to the disease, their cancer treatment, and the psychological stress they continually face. One of the psychophysiological measures used to assess stress is the decrease in peripheral temperature. In contrast, psychological relaxation procedures for stress management seek to increase temperature. However, it is unknown if this response is the same in all patients. This research examined breast cancer survivors' temperature changes during psychosocial stress and relaxation protocol. Additionally, self-reported pain and its interference with psychosocial functioning were evaluated. The results showed peripheral temperature variations in the patients; however, not all patients presented with the same temperature pattern, finding three subgroups of patients whose linear temperature trajectories allowed generating an affective prognosis for stress management. By self-report, no psychosocial differences were found between the subgroups, although an inverse association between sleep interference and peripheral temperature was found. It is concluded that peripheral temperature distinguishes patients who find it challenging to manage psychosocial stress from those who benefit from psychological relaxation procedures.
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Introduction: Guided imagery (GI) is a mind–body intervention, in which individuals generate mental images of pleasant objects or eventsin their minds. These mental images produce positivity and alter the perception of headaches and other pain disorders. A review of literature suggests that GI is an effective psychological treatment for tension‑type headache (TTH) and state‑trait anxiety. Hence, the present study aimedto assess the efficacy of GI on TTH associated with state‑trait anxiety and to compare its efficacy with treatment as usual (TAU). Materials and Methods: Forty treatment‑naïve patients diagnosed with TTH were selected from the psychiatry outpatient department through purposivesampling method. The Henry Ford Hospital Headache Disability Inventory and the State‑Trait Anxiety Inventory for Adults were administeredon all the patients for baseline data. Experimental group (n = 20) were given eight sessions of GI along with TAU for 2 months, whereas waitlistgroup (n = 20) were given only TAU. Results: ASignificant positive association was obtained between emotional and functional disabilityof headache and state‑trait anxiety at baseline. Postassessment findings demonstrated a significant reduction in severity and frequency of TTH, emotional and functional disability, and state‑trait anxiety in the experimental group receiving GI as compared to the waitlist group.Conclusion: Patients living with TTH more commonly suffer from state‑trait anxiety. Those patients who were given GI along with TAU for 2 months improved on severity and frequency of TTH, emotional and functional disability of TTH, and state‑trait anxiety more effectively than those patients receiving only TAU. Consequently, it can be said that GI is an effective treatment for TTH and state‑trait anxiety as compared to TA
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Guided imagery technique is a cognitive behavioural technique in which under the guided instructions a client is guided in imagining a relaxing scene or series of experiences. It is a gentle powerful technique more often used to promote relaxation and to provide therapeutic bene?ts. Adolescents are very often susceptible to emotional distress due to exam anxiety .The aim of the study was to assess the effectiveness of guided imagery technique on examination anxiety among adolescent students. A quasi-experimental research which includes a pre-test, guided imagery technique training and a post-test was conducted. A convenient sampling was used to select the 60 adolescent students and their knowledge was assessed by multiple-choice questionnaire and standardized test anxiety questionnaire developed by Nist and Diehl. The results revealed that the mean post-test anxiety level score (14.97) was lesser than the mean pre-test score (21.2). The obtained “t” value was 5.74 which was signi?cant at p<0.05 level .The study concluded that guided imagery technique is an effective intervention for reducing examination anxiety among adolescent students.
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Objective To evaluate the effect of motor guided imagery to improve the sleep quality and the emotional state in patients with stroke.Methods Totally 100 patients were randomly divided into experimental group(n=50) and control group(n=42).The control group received the routine medicine treatment and nursing measures in neurology,while the experimental group received motor guided imagery training therapy.The Pittsburgh sleep quality index scale (PSQI)were used to evaluate sleep quality,the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) were used to evaluate emotional state and the Stroke Specific Quality of Life (SS-QOL) were used to evaluate quality of life before and after intervention.Results After one-or five-week intervention,the total score of PSQI and the scores of HADS in the experimental group ((4.95 ±1.94),(3.91± 1.63),(12.92±2.58),(7.26±4.49))were lower than those in the control group ((10.81±3.23),(7.93±3.20),(18.45±3.03),(12.07±5.48)),and the differences were statistically significant (P＜0.05).Intergroup effect,time effect and interaction effect of PSQI score and HADS score showed significant in two groups(P＜0.05).Mter one-or five-week intervention,the total score of SS-QOL in the experimental group((194.12 ± 18.98),(213.66 ± 17.95)) were higher than those in the control group ((156.81 ±18.39),(194.12± 25.41)),and the differences were statistically significant (P＜ 0.05).The inter-group effect,time effect and interaction effect of SS-QOL score in both groups were significant(P＜0.05).Conclusion The motor guided imagery training can effectively improve the sleep quality,the emotional state and quality of life in stroke patients.
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O tratamento radioterápico é considerado como uma das modalidades terapêuticas padrão para os cânceres de cabeça e pescoço, cujo objetivo é controlar a evolução do tumor com o menor dano possível aos tecidos e órgãos normais adjacentes, porém, apesar de apresentar a vantagem de preservar a estrutura dos tecidos, pode acarretar reações adversas que se manifestam na cavidade oral, e também efeitos colaterais físicos generalizados, sendo a fadiga o mais comum. Objetivo: avaliar a efetividade da Prática Integrativa e Complementar - Relaxamento com Visualização Guiada, sobre a redução do sintoma de fadiga e melhora da Qualidade de Vida Relacionada à Saúde, durante o tratamento radioterápico. Método: estudo quantitativo, quase-experimental, de corte longitudinal e prospectivo, com a participação de 102 pacientes em início de tratamento radioterápico, com a alocação intencional em dois grupos, o de Intervenção (n=42) e o de Comparação (n=60). Apenas os participantes do Grupo Intervenção realizaram a prática de relaxamento com visualização guiada durante o tratamento radioterápico, porém, todos os participantes responderam aos questionários de avaliação. Foram utilizados os questionários de Qualidade de Vida Relacionada à Saúde (FACT H&N) e a Escala de Fadiga de Piper Revisada. A prática de relaxamento com visualização guiada foi aplicada pela pesquisadora do estudo, por meio de uma gravação de áudio contendo comandos verbais, os quais guiavam o paciente para a realização da prática. Para avaliar o efeito da intervenção entre os grupos intervenção e de controle, foi utilizada a técnica de regressão logística multinomial, estimando razões de chance (odds ratios) por pontos e respectivos erros-padrão (Ep). Resultados: na etapa descritiva dos dados sociodemográficos e clínicos, evidenciou-se a predominância do sexo masculino, faixa etária entre 41 e 60 anos, baixo nível de escolaridade, aposentados, católicos, em uso regular de álcool e tabaco, câncer de orofaringe, em estádio IV. Foram evidenciadas diferenças estatisticamente significativas entre os grupos em relação às variáveis procedência, estado civil e "tipo de cirurgia" e os valores-p foram, respectivamente, p=0,000, p= 0,002 e p=0,027. Na etapa analítica evidenciou-se que o relaxamento com visualização guiada mostrou-se efetivo em especial para os domínios global, comportamental e sensorial na segunda aplicação (T2), e afetivo e sensorial na terceira aplicação (T3), levando à redução do sintoma de fadiga, e quanto à Qualidade de Vida Relacionada à Saúde não houve diferença estatisticamente significativa entre os grupos. Conclusão: os resultados demonstraram que o relaxamento com visualização guiada não teve efeito na melhora da Qualidade de Vida Relacionada à Saúde durante o tratamento radioterápico nos pacientes com câncer de cabeça e pescoço, mas reduziu os níveis de fadiga. Trata-se de uma prática de baixo custo, a qual mostrou-se efetiva na redução do sintoma de fadiga, portanto, seu uso deve ser divulgado na prática dos cuidados aos pacientes oncológicos
Radiation therapy is considered to be one of the standard therapeutic modalities for head and neck cancers in order to control tumor evolution with the lowest possible damage to adjacent normal tissues and organs. Although it has the advantage of preserving the structure of tissues, it can lead to adverse reactions occurring in the oral cavity, as well as generalized physical side effects, being fatigue the most common of them. Objective: to evaluate the effectiveness of an Integrative and Complementary Practice - Relaxation with Guided Imagery, on the reduction of fatigue symptom and improvement of Health-Related Quality of Life, during the radiotherapy treatment. METHODS: A quantitative, quasi-experimental, longitudinal and prospective study was carried out with the participation of 102 patients at the beginning of radiotherapy, intentionally allocated in two groups: Intervention (n=42) and Comparison (n = 60). While only the participants of the Intervention Group performed the relaxation practice with guided imagery during the radiotherapy treatment, all the participants answered the evaluation questionnaires. The HealthRelated Quality of Life questionnaires (FACT-H&N) and the revised Piper Fatigue Scale were used. The practice of relaxation with guided imagery was applied by the researcher of the study, through an audio recording containing verbal commands, which guided the patient to perform the practice. To evaluate the effects of the intervention comparing the intervention and control groups, it was used multinomial logistic regression technique in order to estimate odds ratios by points and their respective standard errors (SE). Results: the descriptive stage found in the sociodemographic and clinical data, the prevalence of males, age between 41 and 60 years old, low level of schooling, retirees, Catholics, regular use of alcohol and tobacco, as well as oropharynx cancer in stage IV. There were statistically significant differences between the groups related to the variables place of residence, marital status and "type of surgery", while the p-values were respectively, p=0.000, p=0.002 and p = 0.027. In the analytical stage, it was observed that the relaxation with guided imagery was effective for the global, behavioral and sensorial domains in the second application (T2), as well as for the affective and sensorial domains in the third application (T3), leading to the reduction of the fatigue symptoms, while there was no statistically significant difference between the groups related to Health-Related Quality of Life. Conclusion: The results showed that while guided imagery relaxation had no effect on the improvement of the Health-Related Quality of Life during the radiotherapy treatment in patients with head and neck cancer, it still reduced fatigue levels. It is a low-cost practice, which has proved effective in reducing the fatigue symptoms, so its use must be disseminated in caring practices directed to cancer patients
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Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Quality of Life , Relaxation Therapy , Fatigue , Head and Neck Neoplasms/radiotherapyABSTRACT
PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify effects of guided imagery on stress including cognitive, affective, marital and social, and anxiety among women receiving in vitro fertilization (IVF). METHODS: Data were collected between April, 21 and June, 17, 2008. The participants in this study were 57 women (26 for the experimental group, 31 for the control group) receiving IVF for primary or secondary infertility in one of the outpatient infertility centers in Seoul. The guided imagery (Suk, 2001) was provided through audio CD to the experimental group by themselves 8 minutes per day for 2 weeks. Data were analyzed by SPSS 12.0 windows program. RESULTS: After guided imagery, the experimental group showed significantly lower affective stress and total stress scores. Anxiety scores increased significantly in the control group, but not in the experimental group after treatment. CONCLUSION: The findings suggest that guided imagery is an effective nursing intervention for reducing stress especially affective stress and anxiety among infertile women receiving IVF in outpatient infertility center.
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Female , Humans , Anxiety , Fertilization in Vitro , Imagery, Psychotherapy , Infertility , OutpatientsABSTRACT
Background: After total knee arthroplasty, adequate management of postoperative pain and anxiety without adverse side effects is improving advanced patients’ outcomes. Objective: This study aimed to examine the effects of guided imagery on postoperative pain and state anxiety in total knee arthroplasty patients. Methods: The study employed a quasi-experimental research design. The sample consisted of 64 patients who underwent total knee arthroplasty divided into two groups, with 32 subjects in each group. The subjects in the control group received routine nursing care, whereas those in the experimental group received routine nursing care plus guided imagery therapy. Outcome measures were the numeric rating scale for pain score and the State Anxiety Inventory for anxiety score. Results: The experimental group had significantly lower scores of pain and anxiety than the control group (p-value = .0035 and .012 respectively). Conclusion: Guided imagery is an alternative treatment that can be used to supplement pharmacological treatment to effectively reduce pain and anxiety in patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty.
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PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to compare the feeling state guided imagery(FSGI) and end state guided imagery(ESGI) on stress and performance of an intramuscular injection of nursing students. METHOD: The design was a time series with a nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest study. Data was collected from the 23 rd to the 25th of Nov. 2004. The subjects of this study were 40 female sophomores (21 for the ESGI, 19 for the FSGI). The instruments used in this study were the Visual Analogue Scale for Stress and the Nursing Skill Performance Check-list on Intramuscular Injection developed by the researchers(10 items). Guided imagery was provided through audiotapes for 8 minutes. A pretest was given before applying the guided imagery, posttest 1 was performed after the intervention, posttest 2 was performed before the intramuscular injection and then evaluation of the performance of the intramuscular injection was done. Data was analyzed using t-test, and Repeated Measures ANOVA. RESULT: The level of stress for those who received the ESGI and FEGI was not significant and the level of the nursing skill performance for those who received the ESGI was significantly higher than that of students who received the FEGI. CONCLUSION: The use of ESGI has an effect on learning psychomotor nursing skills and further research is needed on stress.
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Adult , Humans , Education, Nursing, Baccalaureate , Imagery, Psychotherapy , Injections, Intramuscular/psychology , Stress, Psychological/prevention & control , Students, Nursing/psychology , Task Performance and Analysis , Teaching/methodsABSTRACT
PURPOSE: The anxiety and stress of nursing students on performance intramuscular injection diminished nursing skill performance. The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of the guided imagery program on anxiety, stress and nursing skill performance of nursing students. METHOD: The study design was time series with a nonequivalent control group pretest- posttest study. The Data were collected from the 30th of Oct. to the 6th of Nov. 2001. The objects of this study were 36 sophomores of university(18 for the experimental group, 18 for the control group). The Instruments used in this study were State Trait Anxiety Inventory developed by Spielberger (1972), Visual Analogue Scale for Stress and Nursing skill performance developed by the researcher. The guided imagery was provided through audiotapes to the subjects for 8 minutes. The pretest was given before the therapy to measure variables for both groups and the posttests were performed after intervention. The data were analyzed by the SAS program using t-test and paired t-test. RESULT: The results of this study are as follows. The level of anxiety of students who received the guided imagery were significantly lower than that of control group. the level of stress had a deeling tendency and the nursing skill performance level was significantly higher than that of control group. CONCLUSION: The guided imagery suggested as an effective nursing intervention did reduce the anxiety and promoted nursing skill performance of nursing students.
Subject(s)
Humans , Anxiety , Imagery, Psychotherapy , Injections, Intramuscular , Nursing , Students, Nursing , Tape RecordingABSTRACT
The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of the guided imagery program on stress of adolescents. The study design was nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest study. The Data were collected from the 1st to 30th of September in 2000. Two schools were selected as an experimental group and a control group. Each group included two classes. The experimental group was consisted of 40 male students and 42 female students and the control group was consisted of 41 males and 42 females. The guided imagery was provided with audiotapes to the subjects in the classroom for 8 minutes per each therapy, 5 times a week for 4 weeks. The pretest was given before the therapy to measure variables for both groups and the posttests were performed twice after 2 weeks and 4 weeks from the start of intervention. The Instruments used in this study were perception of stress scale developed by Park(1996), Vividness of Imagery Scale; short form of bett's test scale developed by Sheenhan(1967). The data were analyzed by the SAS program using Chi-square test, t-test, repeated measure ANOVA and Bonferroni correction. The results of this study are as follows: "The level of stress of adolescents who received the guided imagery will be significantly lower than that of control group" was supported(F=10.14, p=.00). In conclusion, the guided imagery was suggested as an effective nursing intervention did reduce the stress of adolescents which school nurses could utilize for adolescents at school.