ABSTRACT
Aeriscardovia aeriphila, also known as Bifidobacterium aerophilum, was first isolated from the caecal contents of pigs and the faeces of cotton-top tamarin. Bifidobacterium species play important roles in preventing intestinal infections, decreasing cholesterol levels, and stimulating the immune system. In this study, we isolated a strain of bacteria from the duodenal contents of broiler chickens, which was identified as A. aeriphila, and then evaluated the effects of A. aeriphila on growth performance, antioxidant functions, immune functions, and gut microbiota in commercial broiler chickens. Chickens were orally gavaged with A. aeriphila (1×109 CFU/mL) for 21 d. The results showed that A. aeriphila treatment significantly increased the average daily gain and reduced the feed conversion ratio (P<0.001). The levels of serum growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) were significantly increased following A. aeriphila treatment (P<0.05). Blood urea nitrogen and aspartate aminotransferase levels were decreased, whereas glucose and creatinine levels increased as a result of A. aeriphila treatment. Furthermore, the levels of serum antioxidant enzymes, including catalase (P<0.01), superoxide dismutase (P<0.001), and glutathione peroxidase (P<0.05), and total antioxidant capacity (P<0.05) were enhanced following A. aeriphila treatment. A. aeriphila treatment significantly increased the levels of serum immunoglobulin A (IgA) (P<0.05), IgG (P<0.01), IgM (P<0.05), interleukin-1 (IL-1) (P<0.05), IL-4 (P<0.05), and IL-10 (P<0.05). The broiler chickens in the A. aeriphila group had higher secretory IgA (SIgA) levels in the duodenum (P<0.01), jejunum (P<0.001), and cecum (P<0.001) than those in the control group. The messenger RNA (mRNA) relative expression levels of IL-10 (P<0.05) and IL-4 (P<0.001) in the intestinal mucosa of chickens were increased, while nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) (P<0.001) expression was decreased in the A. aeriphila group compared to the control group. Phylum-level analysis revealed Firmicutes as the main phylum, followed by Bacteroidetes, in both groups. The data also found that Phascolarctobacterium and Barnesiella were increased in A. aeriphila-treated group. In conclusion, oral administration of A. aeriphila could improve the growth performance, serum antioxidant capacity, immune modulation, and gut health of broilers. Our findings may provide important information for the application of A. aeriphila in poultry production.
Subject(s)
Animals , Swine , Antioxidants/pharmacology , Chickens , Gastrointestinal Microbiome , Interleukin-10/pharmacology , Interleukin-4/pharmacology , NF-kappa B/metabolism , Immunity , Diet/veterinary , Animal Feed/analysis , Dietary Supplements/analysisABSTRACT
La salud intestinal se ha convertido en un factor importante en el estado de salud de un individuo. El factor alérgico juega un papel fundamental en el crecimiento, desarrollo y ganancia de peso en las primeras etapas de la vida. La prevalencia de alergias alimentarias en niños es del 4 % al 6 %. La malnutrición es la principal causa de enfermedad a nivel mundial. Los niños menores de 5 años son más vulnerables, 150,8 millones de niños sufren retraso del crecimiento y 50,5 millones padecen emaciación. Se presenta el caso clínico: Niño preescolar masculino de 5 años con 2 meses de edad, diagnosticado con: Hipercalciuria, Desnutrición actual con talla baja según combinación de indicadores, Sensibilidad al gluten no celiaca, Síndrome de Intestino hiperpermeable, síndrome de sobrecrecimiento fúngico (SIFO), intolerancia a azúcares, disbiosis grado IV, anemia ferropénica, enteropatías alimentarias por gluten, cítricos, maní, caseína, huevo y soya, y rinitis alérgica moderada persistente contra ácaros y hongos, cursando con sintomatología amplia y variada. Recibió tratamiento con una alimentación centrada en aporte calórico y de nutrientes acorde a mejorar el estado nutricional, la exclusión de alérgenos alimentarios y de azúcares, tratamiento con antibiótico de amplio espectro, ketoconazol 3 ciclos, inmunoglobulina humanizada y probióticos (Lactobacillus acidophillus). Mostró mejoría del estado nutricional, la salud intestinal y la actividad inmunológica, acompañada de mejoría en la sintomatológica asociada(AU)
Malnutrition is the leading cause of poor health worldwide. Children under the age of 5 are most vulnerable. 150.8 million infants are stunted and 50.5 million are wasted (1). On the other hand, the estimated prevalence of food allergies in children is 4 % to 6 %. However, studies reveal that the allergic factor plays a fundamental role in growth, development and weight gain in the early stages of life. Similarly, in the last decade, intestinal health has become an important factor in the health of an individual, especially at a critical stage of growth and development. Clinical case: 5-year-old male preschool boy with 2 months of age, diagnosed with: hypercalciuria, current malnutrition with short stature combination of indicators (2), Leaky Gut Syndrome, Fungal Overgrowth Syndrome (SIFO), Sugar Intolerance, Grade IV Dysbiosis, Iron Deficiency Anemia, Alimentary Enteropathies due to gluten, citrus, peanuts, casein, egg and soy, and moderate persistent allergic rhinitis against mites and fungi, with wide and varied symptomatology. The treatment is supplemented with a diet focused on a caloric and nutrient intake in accordance with improving the nutritional status, the exclusion of food allergens and sugars. Treatment with a broad-spectrum antibiotic, 3-cycle ketoconazole, humanized immunoglobulin, and probiotics (Lactobacillus acidophillus) was indicated. Conclusions: An improvement was shown in the nutritional status, intestinal health, and immunological activity, accompanied by the improvement of the associated symptoms(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Child, Preschool , Nutritional Status , Feeding Behavior , Food Hypersensitivity/complications , Intestinal Diseases , Allergens , Body Mass Index , Malnutrition , Growth and DevelopmentABSTRACT
Abstract An experiment was conducted to evaluate the performance of suckling piglets subjected to oral administration of citrus extracts (CE). Twenty sows were used with ten sucking piglets on average initial weight of 1.26 kg (± 0.32) for 21 days. The experimental design was a randomized complete block design with two treatments: Negative Control (without antimicrobials) and Citrus Extracts (ascorbic acid + flavonoids, oral administration of 0.3 mg kg of BW via pigdoser) with ten repetitions each. The number of live-born piglets in females PO5 was 21% higher than in PO3 sows. Sows where piglets received CE showed a 10% higher (P <0.05) feed intake in the last week of lactation. From 8 to 21 days, the feed conversion of NC sows was 23 and 38% lower (P <0.05) than sows where piglets received CE. Piglet mortality was 13.4% in NC group and 3.9% in CE group in a single dose on the third day of life. The villous length in the duodenum was 24% higher (P <0.01) in piglets receiving CE. The administration of CE increased 19% (P = 0.02) the villous length of the ileum region of suckling piglets. Frequency of normal feces was higher (P<0.05) in piglets CE group. Oral administration of CE containing flavonoids and ascorbic acid to suckling piglets not improves the piglet growth. However, it alters the gut morphology, and reduces the frequency of diarrhea during suckling period. Parity order interferes on feed intake, feed conversion of sows and performance of litters.