Proyecto ECHO Uruguay: fortalecimiento de la formación de profesionales en el abordaje del cáncer ginecológico

En Uruguay existe una desigual distribución de médicos entre la capital y el resto del país, determinando que los pacientes deban ser referidos a centros asistenciales fuera del área en la que residen. El Proyecto ECHO (del inglés: Extension for Community Healthcare Outcomes) busca mejorar el acceso a atención especializada para poblaciones rurales mediante la utilización de tecnologías de la comunicación, democratizando el conocimiento. Objetivo: evaluar los resultados en lo referente a competencias y habilidades profesionales en los participantes de las teleclínicas ECHO sobre cáncer ginecológico en Uruguay. Método: evaluación retrospectiva de impacto con línea de base y línea de impacto mediante un censo vía web. Período: setiembre 2020- mayo/2021. Se relevaron 22 variables, 14 indicadores dependientes que miden autopercepciones sobre incremento de capacidades en forma retrospectiva a partir de una escala Likert de 5 valores y, 8 independientes que abordan aspectos generales de la población. Teniendo en cuenta que no hay una distribución normal se aplica el test no paramétrico de Wilkoxon. Resultados: se obtuvieron 36 respuestas. Los resultados, muestran que todos los pares tienen una significación bilateral, pudiendo afirmar que existe una diferencia significativa entre las capacidades previas y posteriores a la participación en el programa ECHO. Conclusiones: se objetiva una mejora en la autopercepción de las capacidades de los participantes luego de la implementación de las teleclínicas ECHO.

Summary: In Uruguay there is an unequal distribution of doctors between the capital and the rest of the country, determining that patients must be referred to healthcare centers outside the area in which they reside. The ECHO (Extension for Community Healthcare Outcomes) Project seeks to improve access to specialized care for rural populations through the use of communication technologies, democratizing knowledge. Objective: to evaluate the results regarding professional competencies and skills in the participants of the ECHO teleclinics on gynecological cancer in Uruguay. Method: retrospective impact evaluation with baseline and impact line through a web census. Period: September 2020- May/2021. 22 variables were surveyed, 14 dependent indicators that measure self-perceptions of increased capabilities retrospectively based on a Likert scale of 5 values, and 8 independent indicators that address general aspects of the population. Taking into account that there is no normal distribution, the non-parametric Wilkoxon test is applied. Results: 36 responses were obtained. The results show that all pairs have a bilateral significance, being able to affirm that there is a significant difference between the capabilities before and after participation in the ECHO program. Conclusions: an improvement in the self-perception of the participants' capabilities was observed after the implementation of the ECHO teleclinics.

No Uruguai existe uma distribuição desigual de médicos entre a capital e o resto do país, determinando que os pacientes sejam encaminhados para centros de saúde fora da área em que residem. O Projeto ECHO (de Inglês: Extension for Community Healthcare Outcomes)procura melhorar o acesso a cuidados especializados para as populações rurais através do uso de tecnologias de comunicação, democratizando o conhecimento. Objetivo: avaliar os resultados relativos às competências e habilidades profissionais dos participantes das teleclínicas ECHO sobre câncer ginecológico no Uruguai. Método: avaliação retrospectiva de impacto com linha de base e linha de impacto através de censo web. Período: Setembro 2020- Maio/2021. Foram levantadas 22 variáveis, 14 indicadores dependentes que medem retrospectivamente as autopercepções de aumento de capacidades com base em uma escala Likert de 5 valores, e 8 indicadores independentes que abordam aspectos gerais da população. Levando em consideração que não existe distribuição normal, aplica-se o teste não paramétrico de Wilkoxon. Resultados: foram obtidas 36 respostas. Os resultados mostram que todos os pares têm um significado bilateral, podendo afirmar que existe uma diferença significativa entre as capacidades antes e depois da participação no programa ECHO. Conclusões: observou-se melhora na autopercepção das capacidades dos participantes após a implantação das teleclínicas ECHO.

Real-world utilization pattern of dydrogesterone in 7287 Indian women with obstetric and gynecological conditions: data from multicentric, retrospective study

Abstract Objective: Despite the literature on dydrogesterone, studies on dydrogesterone utilization patterns are largely lacking in Indian patients. Methods: This was a multi-center, retrospective, observational, cross-sectional, and descriptive study across 817 centers in India. Data of patients who received dydrogesterone in past and provided consent for future use of their medical record for research purpose was were retrieved and analyzed. Results: Data of 7287 subjects (aged 29.55±4.84 years) was analyzed. Threatened abortion was the most common indication for which the subjects received dydrogesterone (46.9%) followed by recurrent pregnancy loss. Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), thyroid disorders and anemia were the most common comorbid conditions and prior pregnancy loss, advanced maternal age and obesity were the most common risk factors seen in subjects who received dydrogesterone. Total 27.5% of subjects received a loading dose of dydrogesterone, and majority (64%) received 40 mg as loading dose. 10 mg dose was used as maintenance or regular dose in 81.4% of the subjects. Twice daily (BID) was the most common dosing frequency (66.6%). The most common concomitant medications being taken by the subjects on dydrogesterone included folic acid (45.1%), iron supplements (30.3%) and calcium and vitamin D3 supplements (25.5%). Another progesterone preparation (oral, injection, vaginal, tubal) other than dydrogesterone was used concurrently in 7.8% of subjects. Conclusion: The study helped to identify the patient population that is benefitted by dydrogesterone and the preferred indications, risk factors, comorbid conditions and concomitant medication used in this patient population at real-life scenario.

Adherencias del capuchón del clítoris al glande: una condición poco estudiada y poco examinada / Clitoral hood adhesions to the glans penis: an understudied and under-examined condition

INTRODUCCIÓN: El clítoris es una de las estructuras vulvares menos examinadas, pese a su relevancia en la vida sexual y sus importantes relaciones anatómicas. Las adherencias del capuchón del clítoris han sido descritas y clasificadas según la exposición del glande, siendo relacionadas con trastornos del deseo sexual. La inervación del clítoris depende de raíces de S3-S4, siendo posible que síntomas frecuentes del piso pélvico tengan relación con esta condición. Realizamos un análisis retrospectivo de pacientes de policlínico de piso pélvico entre noviembre de 2021 y abril de 2022. Se incluyeron 100 pacientes con adherencias al ingreso. RESULTADOS: Promedio de edad 45,8 ± 15,5 años. Las adherencias fueron el 19% leves, el 62% moderadas y el 18% graves. Los principales síntomas eran mal vaciado vesical (38%), dolor (28%), disfunción sexual (39%) y síntomas irritativos vesicales (43%); solo una paciente fue asintomática. El área visible promedio del clítoris era de 20,7 ± 13,7 mm2. CONCLUSIONES: Las adherencias del capuchón del clítoris son un hallazgo común, muchas veces no diagnosticadas, por lo que su evaluación debe ser parte de la exploración física. Pueden asociarse a sintomatología de piso pélvico.

INTRODUCTION: The clitoris is one of the least examined vulvar structures despite its relevance in sexual life and important anatomical relationships. Clitoral hood adhesions have been described in the literature, classified based on glans exposure, and related to sexual desire disorders. The innervation of the clitoris depends on the roots of S3-S4, and frequent pelvic floor symptoms may be associated with this condition. We retrospectively analyzed the clinical record of patients admitted to a pelvic floor clinic between November 2021 and April 2022. One hundred patients with adhesions at the time of admission were registered. RESULTS: Average 45.8 ± 15.5 years. Clitoral hood adhesions were mild (19%), moderated (62%), or severe (18%). The main symptoms were voiding dysfunction symptoms (38%), pain (28%), sexual dysfunction (39%), and irritative bladder symptoms (43%); only one patient was asymptomatic. The visible area of the clitoris was 20.7 ± 13.7 mm2. CONCLUSIONS: Adhesions of the clitoral hood are often undiagnosed, and its analysis should be part of the physical exam. Clitoral hood adhesions could be associated with pelvic floor symptoms.

Atitudes e crenças de médicos ginecologistas- -obstetras e de pacientes do Hospital Universitário de Brasília sobre o rastreamento cervical e o exame pélvico / Attitudes and beliefs of obstetrician-gynecologists and patients at the University Hospital of Brasília about cervical screening and pelvic examination

Objetivo: Avaliar as atitudes e crenças de pacientes e médicos ginecologistas-obstetras sobre o rastreamento cervical e o exame pélvico no Hospital Universitário de Brasília (HUB). Métodos: Foram realizadas entrevistas com pacientes que aguardavam por uma consulta previamente agendada no ambulatório de ginecologia e com médicos ginecologistas-obstetras que atuavam no HUB. Cada grupo respondeu a um questionário que enfocava a realização do rastreamento cervical e do exame pélvico (EP). Resultados: No total, 387 pacientes responderam ao questionário. Dessas, apenas 4,13% sabiam que, de acordo com as diretrizes brasileiras, o rastreamento cervical deveria ser iniciado aos 25 anos de idade, 5,17% sabiam que ele deveria ser encerrado aos 64 anos e 97,93% esperavam um intervalo menor do que o trienal recomendado. Após serem informadas sobre as diretrizes, 66,93% acreditavam que o início aos 25 anos é tardio, 61,5%, que o encerramento aos 64 anos é precoce, 88,37%, que o intervalo trienal é muito longo e 94,06% ficaram com receio de que problemas de saúde pudessem aparecer nesse intervalo. Dos 44 médicos que responderam ao questionário, embora a maioria concordasse com as diretrizes, somente 31,82%, 38,64% e 34,1% as seguia com relação à frequência, à idade de início e à idade de encerramento, respectivamente. Quanto ao EP, aproximadamente metade dos participantes de cada grupo considerava que o exame deveria ser realizado nas consultas regulares com o ginecologista. Conclusão: Foi observada uma discrepância entre as expectativas das pacientes e as diretrizes para o rastreamento de câncer cervical. A maior parte das pacientes não as conhecia e, quando informadas, não concordava com elas. Quanto aos médicos ginecologistas- obstetras, a maioria não as seguia, apesar de conhecê-las. Quanto ao EP, grande parte dos médicos e pacientes considerava-o importante e acreditava que ele deveria ser realizado de forma rotineira nas consultas ginecológicas.

Objective: Evaluate the attitudes and beliefs of patients and obstetrician-gynecologists about cervical screening and pelvic examination in the University Hospital of Brasília (HUB). Methods: Face-to-face interviews with patients waiting for a previously scheduled consultation at the gynecology outpatient clinics and attending obstetrician-gynecologists at the HUB. Each group answered a questionnaire addressing cervical screening and pelvic examination (PE). Results: 387 patients answered the questionnaire. Of these, only 4.13% were aware that, according to Brazilian guidelines, cervical screening should begin at age 25, 5.17% that it should stop at age 64 and 97.93% expected a shorter interval than the recommended triennial. After being informed of the guidelines, 66.93% believed that starting at age 25 is late, 61.5% that stopping at 64 is early, 88.37% that the triennial interval is too long, and 94.06% would be afraid that health problems could appear during the interval. Of the 44 participating physicians, although most agreed with the guidelines, only 31.82%, 38.64% and 34.1% followed them regarding frequency, starting and stopping age, respectively. As for EP, approximately half of the participants in each group believed that it should be performed in regular consultations with the gynecologist. Conclusion: There was a discrepancy between patients' expectations and cervical screening guidelines. Most patients didn't know and, when informed, didn't agree with them. As for Ob-Gyn physicians, most did not follow these guidelines, despite knowing them. As for pelvic exam, most physicians and patients considered it important and believed it should be routinely performed during gynecological consultations.

Germline Mutations Landscape in a Cohort of the State of Minas Gerais, Brazil, in Patients Who Underwent Genetic Counseling for Gynecological and Breast Cancer / Cenário de mutações germinativas em uma coorte do estado de Minas Gerais, Brasil, em pacientes submetidas ao aconselhamento genético para câncer ginecológico e de mama

Abstract Objective The present study evaluated the profile of germline mutations present in patients who underwent genetic counseling for risk assessment for breast cancer (BC), ovarian cancer (OC), and endometrial cancer (EC) with a possible hereditary pattern. Methods Medical records of 382 patients who underwent genetic counseling after signing an informed consent form were analyzed. A total of 55.76% of patients (213/382) were symptomatic (personal history of cancer), and 44.24% (169/382) were asymptomatic (absence of the disease). The variables analyzed were age, sex, place of birth, personal or family history of BC, OC, EC, as well as other types of cancer associated with hereditary syndromes. The Human Genome Variation Society (HGVS) nomenclature guidelines were used to name the variants, and their biological significance was determined by comparing 11 databases. Results We identified 53 distinct mutations: 29 pathogenic variants, 13 variants of undetermined significance (VUS), and 11 benign. The most frequent mutations were BRCA1 c.470_471delCT, BRCA1 c.4675 + 1G > T, and BRCA2 c.2T> G. Furthermore, 21 variants appear to have been described for the first time in Brazil. In addition to BRCA1/2 mutations, variants in other genes related to hereditary syndromes that predispose to gynecological cancers were found. Conclusion This study allowed a deeper understanding of the main mutations identified in families in the state of Minas Gerais and demonstrates the need to assess the family history of non-gynecological cancer for risk assessment of BC, OC, and EC. Moreover, it is an effort that contributes to population studies to evaluate the cancer risk mutation profile in Brazil.

Resumo Objetivo O presente estudo avaliou o perfil de mutações germinativas presentes em pacientes submetidas a aconselhamento genético para avaliação de risco para câncer de mama (CM), câncer de ovário (OC) e câncer de endométrio (CE) com possível padrão hereditário. Métodos Foram analisados os prontuários de 382 pacientes que realizaram aconselhamento genético após consentimento informado. Um total de 55,76% dos pacientes (213/382) eram sintomáticos (história pessoal de câncer), e 44,24% (169/382) eram assintomáticos (ausência da doença). As variáveis analisadas foram idade, sexo, naturalidade, história pessoal ou familiar de CM, OC, CE bem como outros tipos de câncer associados a síndromes hereditárias. As diretrizes de nomenclatura da Human Genome Variation Society (HGVS) foram usadas para nomear as variantes e seu significado biológico foi determinado pela comparação de 11 bancos de dados. Resultados Identificamos 53 mutações distintas: 29 variantes patogênicas, 13 variantes de significado indeterminado e 11 benignas. As mutações mais frequentes foram BRCA1 c.470_471delCT, BRCA1 c.4675 + 1G > T e BRCA2 c.2T > G. Além disso, 21 variantes parecem ter sido descritas pela primeira vez no Brasil. Além das mutações BRCA1/2, foram encontradas variantes em outros genes relacionados a síndromes hereditárias que predispõem a cânceres ginecológicos. Conclusão Este estudo permitiu conhecer melhor as principais mutações identificadas nas famílias do estado de Minas Gerais e demonstra a necessidade de avaliar a história familiar de câncer não ginecológico para avaliação do risco de CM, OC e CE. Além disso, é um esforço que contribui com estudos populacionais para avaliar o perfil de mutações de risco para câncer no Brasil.

Bacterial vaginosis and trichomoniasis: prevalence, associated factors, and performance of diagnostic tests

Introduction: Bacterial vaginosis and vaginal trichomoniasis are frequent causes of health care demand. Objective: To estimate the prevalence, identify associated factors, and investigate the performance of diagnostic tests for bacterial vaginosis and trichomoniasis. Methods: Cross-sectional study with participants over 18 years old. All of them were submitted to an interview and gynecological examination with evaluation of vaginal secretion, pH verification, collection of material for Pap smear, wet mount test, Whiff test, bacterioscopy, and polymerase chain reaction for trichomoniasis detection. Logistic regression analysis was applied to identify associated factors with bacterial vaginosis. Diagnostic performance for bacterial vaginosis was evaluated following Amsel criteria, the Ison and Hay score, and the Pap smear, considering the Nugent score as the gold standard. As for trichomoniasis, diagnostic performance was evaluated through the Pap smear and the wet mount test, using the polymerase chain reaction as the gold standard. Results: The prevalence of bacterial vaginosis was 33.7%, and for trichomoniasis, 0.5%. The complaint of abnormal vaginal secretion was associated with the diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis (odds ratio 2.2). The diagnostic accuracy by Amsel criteria, the Ison and Hay score, and the Pap smear was 35.6, 97.0, and 84.2%, respectively. The sensitivity for trichomoniasis through wet mount test was 0.0%, and through the Pap smear, 100%. Conclusion: The prevalence of bacterial vaginosis was high, and trichomoniasis was low. The only associated factor with bacterial vaginosis was the report of abnormal vaginal secretion. The methods with the most accurate diagnostic performance for bacterial vaginosis were the Ison and Hay score and the Pap smear and, for trichomoniasis, the Pap smear

Effects of COVID-19 fear and anxiety on attitudes towards complementary and alternative medicine use in women with gynecological cancer during the COVID-19 pandemic / 中西医结合学报

OBJECTIVE@#Patients with gynecological cancer commonly use complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) methods to cope with the disease. However, despite the existence of treatment strategies, the effect of fear and anxiety caused by coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on attitudes about CAM use is unclear. This study was carried out to investigate the effect of fear and anxiety experienced by patients with gynecological cancer during the COVID-19 pandemic on their attitudes towards the use of CAM.@*METHODS@#This is a cross-sectional and descriptive study that included 177 women with gynecological cancer; participants were recruited from a social networking site for cancer patients in Turkey between June and December 2021. Data were collected using an online survey that included the Personal Information Form, the Fear of COVID-19 Scale, the Coronavirus Anxiety Scale, and the Attitude Towards Holistic Complementary and Alternative Medicine Scale. Descriptive statistics, t-test, Pearson's correlation test, and simple linear and multiple regression analyses were performed to analyze the data.@*RESULTS@#During the pandemic, 55.4% of the participants reported using CAM methods, but only 22.6% were using CAM before the pandemic. The participants who used CAM during the pandemic also scored higher on the fear of COVID-19 and coronavirus anxiety scales (20.69 ± 5.37 and 13.09 ± 6.29, respectively) compared to the participants who did not use CAM (9.29 ± 2.72 and 6.35 ± 2.06, respectively). Fear of COVID-19 accounted for 52% of the CAM attitude score, while coronavirus anxiety accounted for 15% of the CAM attitude score. Fear of COVID-19 and coronavirus anxiety together accounted for 53% of CAM attitude.@*CONCLUSION@#Gynecological cancer patients with high levels of COVID-19-related anxiety and fear during the pandemic used CAM more. Given that the psychological effects of the pandemic will continue in the coming years, CAM use should be evaluated as a coping strategy, especially due to the COVID-19-related anxiety and fear experienced by patients with gynecological cancer. While the rational and effective CAM methods should be supported, strategies should be developed to prevent misuse of CAM and its interference in prescribed medical treatments. Please cite this article as: Uslu-Sahan F, Yesilcınar I, Kurt G, Hancer E, Guvenc G. Effects of COVID-19 fear and anxiety on attitudes towards complementary and alternative medicine use in women with gynecological cancer during the COVID-19 pandemic. J Integr Med. 2023; 21(4): 377-384.

A comparison of gynecological qisu syndromes in previous reports / Монголын эм зүй, эм судлал

Introduction@#Women’s disease slows down and becomes chronic, causing diseases that spread throughout the body and affect the organs.@*Objective@#To compare and contrast the treatment of gynecological “Qisu” syndromes in previous reports.@*Methods@#“Four medical tantras” and other sources were the main material. The article was written using search methods, comparison methods, and analysis-synthesis methods. The topic and methodology of the research was approved at the Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities. No conflict of interest.@*Conclusion@#</br>1. In the “Four medical tantras”, the general symptoms and each category of gynecological “Qisu” syndromes, the prescriptions for each treatment are described in detail, and the treatment is clearly written. </br>2. In the “Four medical tantras”, Lhantav, Durvun Rashaan, Khukh Binderiiya, Jiduininnor, and the Encyclopedia of Chinese Medicine /Mongolian Medicine/, the gynecological “Qisu” syndromes are described by each category, and the treatment prescriptions are analyzed and written in detail. In other sources, treatment is based on general symptoms. The treatment of gynecological “Qisu” syndromes includes 33 names of drugs medicines. In the general treatment gynecological “Qisu” syndromes in most of the reports, Chatsargana-17, Gishuune-6, 14, 17, Basberuu-7, Zomshin-4, 6, 7, Oyyu-13, Yaanag nukhur-13, Jonsh-11, Melreg tsetseg-7, Braisum-17, Rashnamjil, Dedbon-14, Agshirga-3, Jambrai-6 drugs are mentioned and the treatment of each category is coordinated with the condition. </br>3. Gynecological “Qisu” syndromes is a disease of the whole body characterized by the majority of blood and bile /mkhris pa/. Dispersing the disease with blood, the internal organs vascular diseases is damaged in a different way, and the blood characteristic is predominant, and the bile/mkhris pa/ is combined, internal organs vascular diseases.

Teratoma de ligamento redondo, reporte de caso y revisión de la bibliografía / Round ligament teratoma, case report and literature review

Resumen ANTECEDENTES: El teratoma es un tumor casi siempre benigno, con una amplia variabilidad en su localización, extremadamente rara, en el ligamento redondo. CASO CLÍNICO: Paciente de 30 años, con antecedente de un embarazo a término. En la revisión ecográfica se reportó una lesión quística paraovárica izquierda de 46 x 35 mm, sin componente sólido, graso ni calcificaciones. En el examen ginecológico se palpó una masa por encima del útero, orientada hacia el lado izquierdo, no dolorosa. El resto del examen físico trascurrió sin otras alteraciones. La impresión diagnóstica inicial fue de teratoma abdominopélvico sustentada en la ecografía transvaginal en la que los ovarios se observaron normales, con una masa de ecogenicidad mixta de 50 x 40 x 46 mm, con áreas ecolúcidas y ecogénicas de intensidad variable hacia la fosa iliaca izquierda superior, sin contacto con el ovario. El ligamento redondo se seccionó a ambos lados de la masa y se extrajo sin complicaciones; el reporte histopatológico fue de: teratoma quístico maduro. CONCLUSIONES: El ligamento redondo es una localización infrecuente de los quistes dermoides que debe considerarse en los diagnósticos diferenciales de las masas pélvicas; es susceptible de tratamiento quirúrgico por vía laparoscópica.

Abstract BACKGROUND: Teratoma is an almost always benign tumor, with a wide variability in its location; its location in the round ligament is extremely rare. CLINICAL CASE: 30-year-old patient, with a history of a full-term pregnancy. On routine ultrasound examination, a 46 x 35 mm left paraovarian cystic lesion was reported, with no solid, fatty component or calcifications. In the gynecological examination a mass was palpated above the uterus, oriented to the left side, non-painful. The rest of the physical examination passed without other alterations. The initial diagnostic impression was of abdomino-pelvic teratoma supported by transvaginal ultrasound in which the ovaries were normal, with a mass of mixed echogenicity of 50 x 40 x 46 mm, with echolucent and echogenic areas of variable intensity towards the left superior iliac fossa, without contact with the ovary. The round ligament was sectioned on both sides of the mass and removed without complications; the histopathologic report was: mature cystic teratoma. CONCLUSIONS: The round ligament is an infrequent location of dermoid cysts that should be considered in the differential diagnoses of pelvic masses; it is amenable to surgical treatment laparoscopically.

Percepção dos enfermeiros frente à realização do exame citopatológico em mulheres com deficiência física / Nurse perception regarding cytopathological exams in physically disabled women

RESUMO Objetivo compreender a ótica dos enfermeiros sobre as barreiras enfrentadas pelas mulheres com deficiência física no que concerne à realização do exame citopatológico. Métodos estudo qualitativo, realizado com 11 enfermeiras das Unidades Básicas de Saúde, incluindo zona urbana e rural. O processamento e a análise dos dados utilizaram o software IRAMUTEQ - acrônimo de Interface de R pour les Analyses Multidimensionnelles de Textes et de Questionnaires. Resultados as classes 1 e 5 foram aglutinadas na classe "Inadequação da infraestrutura"; a classe 2 foi "Resultados dos exames coletados"; a 3, "Sentimentos na realização do exame"; e a 4, "Capacitação das equipes". Conclusão desvelaram-se sentimentos negativos vivenciados pelas mulheres na realização do exame, falta de capacitação dos profissionais, ausência de estratégias de manejo na unidade, e estrutura física inapta para as necessidades das usuárias. Contribuições para a prática comprovou-se a necessidade de atenção às mulheres com deficiência física e de realização do exame de rotina. Ademais, mostrou-se necessário fomentar estratégias para a adequação e melhoria dos conhecimentos dos profissionais que realizam os atendimentos.

ABSTRACT Objective to understand the perspective of nurses regarding the obstacles faced by physically disabled women in regard to cytopathological examinations. Methods qualitative study with 11 nurses from Basic Health Units, including urban and rural areas. Data was processed and analyzed using the software IRAMUTEQ (R pour les Analyses Multidimensionnelles de Textes et de Questionnaires). Results classes 1 and 5 were grouped into the class "Inadequate infrastructure"; class 2 was "Results of the collected exams"; class 3, "Feelings at the time of examination"; and 4 "Team training". Conclusion we revealed that women presented negative feelings during the examination, professionals lacked further training, there were no strategies to deal with the situation in the unit, and facilities were inadequate to attend the needs of the users. Contributions to practice: we demonstrated that it is essential to provide care to physically disabled women and carry out routine exams in this population. Furthermore, this study can give support to strategies to adapt and improve the knowledge of the workers who provide care.

Suffering of patients developing lymphedema following gynecological cancer surgery / Journal of Rural Medicine

Objective: Lymphedema developing in the lower extremities following gynecological cancer surgery (LE-GCS) produces various kinds of sufferings, including impacts on quality of life (QOL) and body image. This research will serve as a basic resource for the care of patients with this type of lymphedema (LE).Patients and Methods: A qualitative discursive research method: Thirteen patients suffering from LE-GCS were interviewed in a semi-organized manner. Analysis involved extracting and codifying from transcripts and expressions related to the suffering of LE. Next, these codes were arranged into categories and subcategories under the supervision of qualitative researchers. Furthermore, this study was conducted with the approval of the Research Ethics Review Specialist Committee, which targets individuals affiliated with the public university corporation of Shiga Prefectural University.Results: Based on the interviews with 13 patients aged 47–79 (median age 62), two core categories were created: 1). Suffering of LE Developing in Lower Extremities (570 codes, seven categories, 23 subcategories); and 2). Supports that Allow Patients to Face Suffering of LE (254 codes, four categories, 14 subcategories).Conclusion: Patients with LE-GCS live with the fear that LE exacerbation will produce adverse life changes, and this may exceed the fear of cancer itself. The aggravation of their condition results in immense pain as well as reduced mobility, change in appearance, and loss of self-worth. The symptoms fluctuate, and may lead to chronic misery, which does not manifest, but occasionally flares-up because of both, worsening physical disability as well as ordinary events. Additionally, every patient subjectively described the strength they found within themselves to face the suffering. They cited the support of family and friends, existence of compassionate therapists and doctors, acquisition of knowledge, and self-care.

Study on PLGA-based nanoparticles in gynecological diseases / 中国临床药理学与治疗学

Polylactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) has the characteristics of biocompatibility, biodegradability, modifiability, and slow release, which has attracted extensive attention in the treatment of gynecological diseases. This paper summarizes the relevant literature reports at home and abroad in recent years, expounds the research situation of PLGA nanoparticles as drug carriers in gynecological diseases such as ovarian cancer, breast cancer, cervical cancer and endometriosis, and looks forward to its great potential in clinical application in gynecological diseases, providing guidance for its prevention and treatment in gynecological diseases.

Step-by-step instructions for detecting whirlpool sign in adnexal torsion / Journal of Rural Medicine

Objective: Adnexal torsion is a common gynecological emergency whose prompt diagnosis is essential because a delay may lead to ovarian dysfunction. Although the whirlpool sign is reliable for diagnosing ovarian cyst torsion, technical difficulties hinder its use by sonographers. Here we developed a systematic approach to visualizing this sign by focusing on the fact that torsion arises from the space between the uterus and the pelvic wall. One must determine the origin of the torsion via transverse imaging of the uterus and follow the twisted ligaments to the ovarian cyst.Patients and Methods: Two women aged 56 (Case 1) and 28 years (Case 2) visited our hospital with lower abdominal pain. Transvaginal ultrasonography showed a 7-cm right ovarian cyst in Case 1 and a 5-cm cyst in the Douglas pouch in Case 2; normal bilateral ovaries and the whirlpool sign were detected in both cases. Under laparoscopic guidance in Cases 1 and 2, an ovarian cyst and a paraovarian cyst were confirmed and removed.Results: Our step-by-step method allowed us to identify the whirlpool sign and confirm adnexal torsion, leading to prompt surgery in both cases.Conclusion: Using a systematic procedure helps less experienced practitioners detect the whirlpool sign.

Técnica modificada de colporrafia anterior por ausencia de fascia prevesical: reporte de caso / Modified technique of anterior colporraphy due to absence of prevesical fascia: case report

Resumen ANTECEDENTES: El prolapso de órganos pélvicos es frecuente en pacientes posmenopáusicas. El tratamiento definitivo, cuando el compartimiento anterior está afectado, es el quirúrgico (colporrafia anterior). Aquí se describen los desenlaces clínicos derivados de la aplicación de una técnica modificada de colporrafia anterior en una paciente con ausencia de fascia prevesical, con una estadificación POP-Q estadio II, con afectación en el compartimiento anterior. CASO CLÍNICO: Paciente de 64 años, con antecedentes de una colporrafia anterior a los 56 años, prolapso de órgano pélvico con afectación del compartimiento anterior. En el examen ginecológico se evidenció la afectación del compartimiento anterior, específicamente en el nivel II conforme a la nueva clasificación POP-Q. Debido a los antecedentes quirúrgicos se optó por la colporrafia anterior, con punto de poliglactina 910 y colpopexia por vía vaginal, con puntos de polipropileno aplicados con un dispositivo de captura de sutura para reparación de tejido nativo. El desenlace quirúrgico fue satisfactorio. CONCLUSIÓN: En el contexto de la colporrafia es importante tener en cuenta las diferentes estrategias quirúrgicas, cada vez menos invasivas, con correcciones sitio-específicas que permitan reparar el defecto anatómico, desaparecer los síntomas, disminuir el riesgo y la probabilidad de recidivas.

Abstract BACKGROUND: Pelvic organ prolapse is common in postmenopausal women. The definitive treatment when the anterior compartment is involved is surgical (anterior colporrhaphy). Here we describe the clinical results obtained using a modified anterior colporrhaphy technique in a patient with absence of prevesical fascia, POP-Q stage II, with involvement of the anterior compartment. CLINICAL CASE: 64-year-old female patient with a history of a previous colporrhaphy at the age of 56, pelvic organ prolapse with involvement of the anterior compartment. Gynaecological examination revealed anterior compartment involvement, specifically level II according to the new POP-Q classification. Based on the surgical history, anterior colporrhaphy with polyglactin 910 suture and vaginal colpopexy with polypropylene sutures using a suture capture device for native tissue repair was chosen. Surgical outcome was satisfactory. CONCLUSION: In the context of colporrhaphy, it is important to take into account the different surgical strategies, increasingly less invasive, with site-specific corrections that allow repair of the anatomical defect, disappearance of symptoms, reducing the risk and probability of recurrence.

Profile of gynecological cancers in a tertiary hospital, Eastern Nigeria

Introduction: there is a great diversity in the profile of cancers in the world. This study set out to analyze the profile of gynecological cancer in Federal University Teaching Hospital, Owerri, [FUTHO] (former Federal Medical Centre, Owerri, Imo state, Nigeria). Methods: this was a retrospective cross sectional descriptive study of the records of women admitted in the gynecological ward in FUTHO from January 2020 to November 2022. It was analyzed using SPSS version 23.0 and reported in simple percentages for categorical variables and measures of central tendency for quantitative variables. Results: a total of 1,378 gynecological patients were admitted into the Gynaecological ward of the hospital, out of which 242 (17.6%) were cancer cases. The most common cancer over the three years in review, was ovarian, 81(33.5%), followed by cervical, 66 (27.3 %), endometrial, 65 (26.8 %), choriocarcinoma, 22 (9.1%), vulvar, 6 (2.5%) and vagina, 2(0.8%). The most common gynecological cancers in this study is very different from previous reports from Nigeria and other African countries. The pattern looks like that seen in the developed countries where endometrial and ovarian cancers top the list. Conclusion: this report shows a possible change in lifestyle and improved access to cervical cancer prevention strategies. It is also assumed that all the facilities who have recorded cervical cancer as the most common cancer can actually have a similar result as ours if a more current review is done.

Effects of oxycodone hydrochloride and dezocine on hemodynamics and levels of inflammatory factors in patients receiving gynecological laparoscopic surgery under general anesthesia

Abstract We aimed to compare the effects of oxycodone hydrochloride and dezocine on hemodynamics and inflammatory factors in patients receiving gynecological laparoscopic surgery under general anesthesia. A total of 246 patients were divided into group A and B (n=123). Hemorheology indices were recorded 5 min after anesthesia (T0), 1 min after pneumoperitoneum (T1), when position was changed 5 min after pneumoperitoneum (T2), 15 min after pneumoperitoneum (T3), 1 min (T4) and 5 min (T5) after position was restored. Visual analogue scale scores 1, 2, 6, 12, 24 and 48 h after operation were recorded. Postoperative adverse reactions and visceral pain were observed. The expression levels of inflammatory factors were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay 12 h after operation. Compared with group A, group B had higher heart rate and mean arterial pressure at T2, lower central venous pressure and cardiac output at T1-T3, and higher systemic vascular resistance at T1-T5 (P<0.05). The incidence rate of pain syndrome in group A was lower (P<0.05). Group A had lower tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-6 expression levels and higher interleukin-10 level than those of group B (P<0.05). For gynecological laparoscopic surgery, oxycodone preemptive analgesia has superior outcomes to those of dezocine

Gynecological patients differ from prenatal patients in appraisals of medical student participation in outpatient clinics / Pacientes ginecológicas diferem de pacientes do pré-natal na apreciação da participação de estudantes de medicina nos atendimentos ambulatoriais

Abstract Introduction: The participation of students in clinical consultations is essential for their medical education. This experience allows for the acquisition of technical skills and the transmission of ethical and professional values. Objective: To evaluate how differences in outpatient conditions (gynecological or prenatal care), appraisal of previous experience, and sociodemographic profiles influence women's willingness to accept student participation in their consultations. Methods: We selected 743 cases (45.1% prenatal) with previous experience in student participation of 893 women attending outpatient gynecological (52.6%) or prenatal (47.4%) clinics at Brasilia University Hospital from 2016 to 2019. Scales were adopted for women's appraisal of student interpersonal communication, willingness to accept, and unwillingness to accept student participation. We used t tests to assess differences, chi-square statistics to compare proportions between outpatient groups, correlations between key variables, and linear regression to estimate variables predicting the willingness outcome. Results: Odds ratios over 1 (p< 0.01) emerged for age older than 35 years, not married, less than higher education, multiparity, discomfort with students, and lower acceptance of gender equality in relation to the Ob-Gyn gender for the gynecological group. Women in the gynecological group offered a better appraisal (from one to five) of interpersonal communication (4.75 vs. 4.43, effect size g= 0.605), showed more willingness (4.58 vs. 4.26, g= 0.625), and conveyed less unwillingness to accept student participation (2.35 vs. 2.47, g= 0.143) than women in the prenatal group. In the linear regression analysis (N= 743), a higher willingness to accept student participation was significantly related (in decreasing impact) to better appraisal of student interpersonal communication (p< 0.001), lower unwillingness (p< 0.001), gynecological group (p< 0.001), tolerance to pelvic examination by a student (p= 0.017), and age older than 35 years (p= 0.016). Conclusions: The experience of supportive interpersonal communication, especially regarding the gynecological group, had a predominant impact on the patient's willingness to accept the participation of students in consultations. Overall, the willingness to accept this participation differs depending on the patient's (reason for consultation, lower unwillingness, age) and student's (communication, gender) factors. Hopefully, the findings can contribute to fostering student-patient partnerships from the perspective of the articulation between service and teaching in medicine.

Resumo Introdução: A participação de estudantes nas consultas clínicas é essencial para a educação médica deles. Tal experiência permite a aquisição de habilidades técnicas e a transmissão de valores ético-profissionais. Objetivo: Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar como diferenças na condição ambulatorial (atendimento ginecológico ou pré-natal), na apreciação de experiências anteriores e nos perfis sociodemográficos influenciariam a disposição das mulheres em aceitar a participação de estudantes em suas consultas. Método: De um total de 893 mulheres atendidas no ambulatório de ginecologia (52,6%) e de pré-natal (47,4%) do Hospital Universitário de Brasília de 2016 a 2019, foram selecionadas 743 (45,1% pré-natal) que referiam experiência prévia com a participação de estudantes em suas consultas. Foram adotadas escalas para avaliar a apreciação das mulheres sobre a comunicação interpessoal dos estudantes e a disposição e a falta dela em aceitar a participação deles. Foram utilizados o teste t para avaliar as diferenças, as estatísticas qui-quadrado para comparar as proporções entre os grupos, as correlações entre variáveis-chave e a regressão linear para estimar as variáveis associadas à boa vontade das pacientes quanto aos estudantes. Resultado: Razões de chance acima de 1 (p < 0,01) para mulheres do grupo ginecológico emergiram quanto à idade acima de 35 anos, não casadas, escolaridade aquém da educação terciária, multíparas, desconfortáveis com estudantes e menor aceitação de equidade de gênero dos médicos ginecologistas obstetras. Mulheres no grupo ginecológico apresentaram melhor apreciação da comunicação interpessoal, de um a cinco (4,75 versus 4,43, tamanho do efeito g = 0,605), maior disposição (4,58 versus 4,26, g = 0,625) e menor indisposição (2,35 versus 2,47, g = 0,143) em aceitar a participação de estudantes do que mulheres do grupo pré-natal. Na análise de regressão linear (n = 743), maior disposição em aceitar estudantes foi significativamente associada (em impacto decrescente), com melhor apreciação da comunicação interpessoal destes (p < 0,001), menor indisposição (p < 0,001), grupo ginecológico (p < 0,001), tolerância ao exame pélvico realizado por estudante (p = 0,017) e idade maior que 35 anos (p = 0,016). Conclusão: A experiência de comunicação interpessoal de suporte, principalmente no que concerne ao grupo ginecológico, teve impacto predominante na disposição das pacientes em aceitar a participação de estudantes nas consultas. No geral, a vontade de aceitar essa participação difere dependendo dos fatores da paciente (motivo da consulta, menor indisposição, idade) e do estudante (comunicação, gênero). Espera-se que os achados possam contribuir para fomentar parcerias estudante-paciente na perspectiva da articulação entre serviço e ensino em medicina.

Sociodemographic characteristics associated with indications for surgical menopause in women: a retrospective study

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the surgical menopause indications and sociodemographic characteristics of women. METHODS: In this retrospective study, we analyzed the sociodemographic characteristics of women with indications for surgical menopause in 2010-2020. The R Version 4.1.1 (2021-08-10) software and logistic regression analysis were used to evaluate the data. RESULTS: A total of 704 women's data were obtained in this study. Surgical menopause indications were found to stem from bleeding (46.0%), cancer (28.3%), cancer risk (18.9%), and other causes (6.8%). Surgical menopause indications originating from cancer were increased by 0.08 times (95%CI 0.01-0.68) due to smoking, 0.45 times (95%CI 0.23-0.88) due to regular drug use, and 0.36 times (95%CI 0.19-0.69) due to the presence of chronic disease (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: More than half of the women with surgical menopause indications were between 41 and 46 years of age. Additionally, 54.9% of the women had a chronic disease. Therefore, it is recommended to plan preventive health services for morbidity and mortality risks that may develop due to surgical menopause.

Application of meridian and acupoint diagnosis of three yin meridians of foot in the treatment for gynecological diseases with acupuncture and moxibustion / 中国针灸

With three representative types of gynecological diseases (dysmenorrhea, pelvic inflammation, polycystic ovary syndrome) as examples, the application methods of meridian and acupoint diagnosis for gynecological diseases treated with acupuncture and moxibustion are discussed. During clinical diagnosis and treatment, it is recommended to examine the patient's leg segment along the three yin meridians of foot, aiming to explore the positive reactions of the meridians and acupoints (color, shape, skin temperature, sensory abnormalities, etc.). Acupuncture and moxibustion treatment at this positive reaction place can improve the clinical efficacy. Meridian and acupoint diagnosis could provide basis for meridian syndrome differentiation, thus guiding the selection of acupoint prescriptions; it is also helpful to clarify the deficiency, excess, cold and heat of the disease nature, thus guiding the selection of acupuncture and moxibustion methods. In addition, it is an auxiliary method to estimate the prognosis and outcome of the disease.

Research progress on Kangfuyan capsules in treatment of gynecological inflammation disease / 药学实践杂志

Gynecological inflammatory disease refers to female reproductive system inflammatory disease, which has a direct impact on the female conception and reproductive health. Kangfuyan capsule is a classic traditional Chinese medicine preparation of the Miao nationality, which has the functions of promoting blood circulation, removing blood stasis, and clearing away heat and dampness. It is mainly used to treat pelvic inflammation, vaginitis, and chronic cervicitis caused by the accumulation of heat and dampness. In this paper, the basic research and clinical application of the Kangfuyan capsule in gynecological inflammatory diseases were reviewed to provide a reference for the development of drug for gynecological inflammation diseases.