Los hábitos de vida saludables en relación al autoconcepto físico en taekwondokas ecuatorianos en tiempos de la pandemia "COVID 19"

La práctica de taekwondo, en el confinamiento de la pandemia del COVID 19, guarda relación con los hábitos de vida saludables y autoconcepto físico. En tal sentido, se determinó como el objetivo de esta investigación identificar las relaciones que puedan producirse entre las respuestas al CAF (Cuestionario de autoconcepto físico) y hábitos de vida saludables de los practicantes de taekwondo a nivel nacional. Se implementó un diseño ex post facto de carácter retrospectivo y correlacional, donde las variables independientes no son susceptibles de manipulación, se utilizó un muestreo no probabilístico discrecional, cuya muestra la componen 423 deportistas de taekwondo entre 12 y 58 años. Los participantes cumplimentaron el Cuestionario de autoconcepto físico (CAF) y el Cuestionario de hábitos de vida saludables. Los resultados, comprueban la importancia de los entrenamientos en confinamiento de taekwondo como aporte de una vida saludable, en relación con su propia percepción del autoconcepto físico de los participantes. Se concluyó que la práctica del taekwondo en época de pandemia aportó significativamente en el cuidado y desarrollo de los hábitos de vida saludables.

A prática do Taekwondo, no confinamento da pandemia da COVID-19, está relacionada a hábitos de vida saudáveis e ao autoconceito físico. Nesse sentido, o objetivo desta pesquisa foi identificar as relações que podem ocorrer entre as respostas ao CAF (Questionário de Autoconceito Físico) e os hábitos de vida saudável dos praticantes de Taekwondo em nível nacional. Foi implementado um projeto retrospectivo e correlacional ex post facto, em que as variáveis independentes não são suscetíveis de manipulação. Foi utilizada uma amostragem não probabilística discreta, com uma amostra de 423 atletas de taekwondo entre 12 e 58 anos de idade. Os participantes preencheram o Questionário de Autoconceito Físico (CAF) e o Questionário de Hábitos de Estilo de Vida Saudável. Os resultados comprovam a importância do treinamento de confinamento do taekwondo como contribuição para um estilo de vida saudável, em relação à percepção dos próprios participantes sobre seu autoconceito físico. Concluiu-se que a prática do taekwondo em tempos de pandemia contribuiu significativamente para o cuidado e o desenvolvimento de hábitos de vida saudáveis.

The practice of Taekwondo, in the confinement of the COVID19 pandemic, is related to healthy lifestyle habits and physical self-concept. In this sense, the objective of this research was determined to identify the relationships that may occur between the responses to the CAF (Physical Self-Concept Questionnaire) and healthy lifestyle habits of Taekwondo practitioners nationwide. An ex post facto design of a retrospective and correlational nature was implemented, where the independent variables are not susceptible to manipulation, a discretionary non-probabilistic sampling was used, which sample is made up of 423 taekwondo athletes between 12 and 58 years old. The participants completed the Physical Self-Concept Questionnaire (CAF) and the Healthy Life Habits questionnaire. The results prove the importance of Taekwondo confinement training as a contribution to a healthy life, in relation to their own perception of the participants' physical self-concept. It was concluded that the practice of taekwondo during the pandemic contributed significantly to the care and development of healthy lifestyle habits.

Fish species of the Paraiba River estuary, northeastern Brazil / Espécies de peixes do estuário do Rio Paraíba, nordeste do Brasil

Abstract The Paraiba River estuary is the largest and most important estuary of Paraiba state, northeastern Brazil. It is under intense environmental degradation by the surrounding human population, and possibly several fish species are at risk in this habitat. Scientific sampling of the ichthyofauna started in the late 1970's and proceeded until recently. We present a list of fish species captured in this estuary, based on voucher specimens housed at the Federal University of Paraiba collection. Four orders of Chondrichthyes and 26 orders of Osteichthyes were identified. A total of 187 fish species, including eight species of Chondrichthyes and 179 Osteichthyes, with 123 genera and 57 families were identified. Perciformes dominated in terms of richness (32 species), followed by Acanthuriformes and Clupeiformes. Comparing estuaries along the Brazilian northeastern coast and considering our large time sampling span, a higher richness would be expected. According to the IUCN Red List, Urotrygon microphthalmum is considered Critically Endangered and more seven species are classified as Vulnerable: Rhizoprionodon porosus, Rhinoptera bonasus, Megalops atlanticus, Epinephelus itajara, Hyporthodus niveatus, Lutjanus cyanopterus, and Cynoscion acoupa. Three of these species also appear in the same category in the threatened Brazilian list, all of which have declining population trends. Concerning the Elasmobranchii, Carcharhinus porosus is listed as Critically Endangered in our country and globally. This inventory organizes and broadens knowledge on the fish community that occurs in this important ecosystem, with inferences about life habits, ecological guilds and conservation status of the fish species.

Resumo O estuário do Rio Paraíba, maior e mais importante do estado da Paraíba, nordeste do Brasil, sofre intensa degradação ambiental pela população humana no seu entorno, e possivelmente várias espécies de peixes estão ameaçadas neste habitat. Nós apresentamos uma lista de espécies de peixes capturadas neste estuário, com base em espécimes tombados na coleção da Universidade Federal da Paraíba. Quatro ordens de Chondrichthyes e 26 ordens de Osteichthyes foram identificadas. Um total de 187 espécies de peixes foi registrado, incluindo oito espécies de Chondrichthyes e 179 Osteichthyes, com 123 gêneros e 57 famílias. Em relação à riqueza, Perciformes dominou com 32 espécies, seguido por Acanthuriformes e Clupeiformes. Comparando estuários ao longo do nordeste brasileiro e considerando nosso longo período de amostragens, seria esperada uma riqueza maior. De acordo com a lista vermelha da IUCN, Urotrygon microphthalmum é tida como Criticamente Ameaçada e mais sete espécies são classificadas como Vulnerável: Rhizoprionodon porosus, Rhinoptera bonasus, Megalops atlanticus, Epinephelus itajara, Hyporthodus niveatus, Lutjanus cyanopterus e Cynoscion acoupa. Três dessas espécies também aparecem na mesma categoria na lista brasileira de espécies ameaçadas, tendo todas elas, suas populações em declínio. Em relação aos Elasmobranchii, Carcharhinus porosus é listada como Criticamente Ameaçada em nosso país e globalmente. Esse inventário abrange e organiza o conhecimento acerca da comunidade de peixes que ocorre nesse importante ecossistema, com inferências sobre hábitos de vida, guildas ecológicas e status de conservação das espécies de peixes.

Percepciones de la enfermedad y hábitos de vida saludable en personas con enfermedades crónicas / Illness perceptions and healthy life habits in people with chronic disease

Resumen Objetivo: Evaluar las percepciones de la enfermedad que se asocian con hábitos de vida saludable en pacientes con enfermedades crónicas en Medellín y municipios aledaños. Método: Estudio prospectivo correlacional basado en la aplicación del cuestionario breve de percepciones de la enfermedad (BIPQ), cuestionario de la salud del paciente (PHQ-9), cuestionario de ansiedad generalizada (GAD-7) y un cuestionario de hábitos de vida saludable. Participaron 51 pacientes con diferentes enfermedades crónicas: migraña, cáncer de seno, diabetes, artritis reumatoide, enfermedad cardiovascular e hipertensión arterial primaria. La evaluación de los hábitos de vida saludable se llevó a cabo tres meses después. Resultados: Se encontró que en promedio los participantes comprenden su enfermedad (M = 8,09, D.T. = 2,48), perciben que sus acciones (M = 7,06, D.T. = 2,79) y el tratamiento (M = 7,89, D.T. = 2,69) la controlan y que esta tiene un carácter crónico (M = 7,49, D.T. = 3,16); que hay correlaciones entre los hábitos de vida saludables (HVS) con la percepción de consecuencias de forma negativa, y la identidad y preocupación emocional de manera positiva (p < 0,05). Además, que una relación lineal entre las consecuencias (Beta = 0,391) y la preocupación emocional por la enfermedad (Beta = 0,311) con los HVS, F (5, 45) = 2,707, p < 0,05. Las proporciones de depresión y ansiedad en la muestra fueron similares a las de la población general. Conclusiones: La percepción de que una enfermedad tiene consecuencias negativas y la preocupación por esta lleva a la implementación de comportamientos saludables.

Abstract Objective: This paper aims to assess illness perceptions associated with healthy lifestyle habits in patients with chronic diseases in Medellin and surrounding municipalities. Method: A prospective correlational study was conducted using a brief illness perceptions questionnaire (BIPQ), a patient's health questionnaire (PHQ-9), a generalized anxiety questionnaire (GAD-7) and a healthy habits questionnaire. 51 patients with different chronic diseases were sampled, illness such as: migraine, breast cancer, diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, cardiovascular disease and primary arterial hypertension. The assessment of healthy lifestyle habits (HLH) was done three months later. Results: It was found, as a result, that people with chronic diseases understand their illness (M = 8.09, S.D. = 2.48); some of them perceive that their actions (M = 7.06, S.D. = 2.79) and others perceive that their treatment (M = 7.89, S.D. = 2.69) control their diseases and that they have a chronic nature (M = 7.49, S.D. = 3.16). Significant correlations were found between HLH and the perception of consequences in a negative way, and the emotional identity and concern in a positive way (p < 0.05). A linear relationship was found between consequences (Beta = 0.391) and the emotional concern (Beta = 0.311) for the disease with HLH, F (5. 45) = 2.707, p < 0.05. The proportion of depression and anxiety in the sample was similar to general population. Conclusions: The perception that a disease has negative consequences and the concern for it leads to the implementation of healthy behaviors.

Efectos de la deforestación sobre la diversidad y la estructura del ensamblaje de macroinvertebrados en cuatro quebradas Andinas en Colombia / Effects of deforestation on macroinvertebrate diversity and assemblage structure in four Andean creeks in Colombia

Resumen Las quebradas están fuertemente influenciadas por su vegetación ribereña y la deforestación afecta a la comunidad acuática. Se estudiaron los efectos de la deforestación sobre la diversidad taxonómica y funcional del ensamblaje de macroinvertebrados acuáticos en cuatro quebradas Andinas colombianas. El estudio incluyó 12 sitios, siete de ellos con cobertura arbórea en sus márgenes en áreas boscosas no perturbadas por la deforestación (estaciones de referencia) y los otros cinco sin cobertura arbórea en áreas deforestadas (estaciones alteradas). Se realizaron cuatro muestreos de campo entre junio 2011 y febrero 2012 y se recolectaron muestras de macroinvertebrados bentónicos utilizando el método D-net con malla de 500 μm y recolección manual, y se midieron diferentes variables fisicoquímicas in situ. Se calcularon los índices de Shannon-Wienner (H ') y Simpson (D). Se aplicaron análisis unidireccionales de varianza ANOVAs a cada variable ambiental y análisis canónicos discriminantes (CDA). Se recolectaron un total 8 370 individuos correspondientes a 80 taxones durante el estudio. La abundancia y diversidad fue mayor en las estaciones localizadas en áreas boscosas no perturbadas. Thraulodes, Anacroneuria y Rhagovelia, se asociaron con valores más altos de Calidad de Bosque de Ribera Andina (QBR-And), Índice de Hábitat Fluvial (IHF), Biological Monitoring Working Party Colombia (BMWP/Col) y temperatura en estaciones de referencia, mientras que Leptonema, Baetodes y Mayobaetis se asociaron con mayores valores de pH y altura sobre nivel del mar en estaciones alteradas. Los principales grupos funcionales tróficos (GFT) en las estaciones de referencia fueron colectores-recolectores/raspadores (27.2 %), raspadores (25.4 %) y depredadores (24.4 %), mientras que en estaciones alteradas fueron: Colectores filtradores (27.5 %), colectores-recolectores/raspadores (17.4 %) y raspadores (15.7 %). Los hábitos de vida más abundantes en las estaciones de referencia fueron agarradores (50.5 %), taxones con tres o más hábitos (28.7 %) y patinadores (16.1 %), mientras que en las estaciones alteradas fueron agarradores (68.1 %), taxones con tres o más hábitos (13.7 %) y excavadores (5.2 %). El conocimiento de las variables que determinan la estructura taxonómica y funcional de los ensamblajes de macroinvertebrados, y cómo responden a impactos como la deforestación, puede ayudar a determinar acciones de protección o restauración de las condiciones ambientales y ecológicas de las quebradas Andinas y los hábitats riparios.(AU)

Abstract The creeks are strongly influenced by their riparian vegetation, and the deforestation affect the aquatic community. The effects of deforestation on taxonomic and functional diversity of aquatic macroinvertebrate assemblage in four Colombian Andean creeks were evaluated. The study included 12 sites, seven of them with arboreal coverage at their margins in forested areas undisturbed by deforestation (reference stations) and the other five without tree cover in deforested areas (altered stations). Four field samplings were carried out between June 2011 and February 2012, and samples of benthic macroinvertebrates were collected using the D-net method with 500 μm mesh and manual collection, and different physicochemical variables were measured in situ. The Shannon-Wienner (H′) and Simpson´s index (D) were calculated. One-way analyses of variance (ANOVAs) to each environmental variable, and canonical discriminant analysis (CDA) to establish differences in environmental variables, taxonomic and functional diversity between references and altered stations were applied. 8 370 macroinvertebrate individuals corresponding to 80 taxa were collected in the study, with 6 758 individuals and 75 taxa in references stations and 1 612 individuals and 50 taxa in altered stations. The reference stations had higher values of diversity and the taxa that made major contributions to the variance between reference and altered stations were Thraulodes, Anacroneuria and Rhagovelia, which were associated with the highest values of Index of Andean riparian vegetation Quality (QBR-And), fluvial habitat index (IHF), Biological Monitoring Working Party Colombia BMWP/Col, EPT index (Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, and Trichoptera) and temperature in reference stations, whereas Leptonema, Baetodes and Mayobaetis were associated with higher pH and elevation above sea level in altered stations. The main functional feeding groups (FFG) at the reference stations were collectors-gatherers/scrapers CG / SC (27.2 %), scrapers SC (25.4 %) and predators PR (24.4 %), and for altered stations were collectors-filterers CF (27.5 %), collectors-gatherers/scrapers CG / SC (17.4 %) and scrapers SC (15.7 %). The most abundant life habits were clingers Cg (50.5 %), taxa with three or more habits (28.7 %) and skaters Sk (16.1 %), in the reference stations, and clingers Cg (68.1 %), taxa with three or more habits (13.7 %) and burrowers Bu (5.2 %) in the altered stations. The knowledge of the variables that determine the taxonomic and functional structure of the macroinvertebrate assemblages, and how they respond to impacts such as deforestation, can help to determine actions of protection or restoration of the environmental and ecological conditions of the Andean streams and the riparian habitats.(AU)

Hábitos alimentarios en la población escolar chilena: Análisis comparativo por tipo de establecimiento educacional / Food habits in chilean schoolchildren: Comparative analysis by type of educational establishment

The alarming changes in nutritional epidemiológica! profile of the school population in Chile have made eating habits a growing concern for education and for public health policies. This comparative research based on descriptive and inferential built ad hoc and statistical indices, the dimension eating habits in the town of eighth grade students in 2013 according to the type of establishment they belong. Then the influence of promotional pre-establishment of healthy eating habits of their students' management is analyzed. The results showed a segmentation of the diet of students based on their type of school, finding differences of 0.49 and 0.39 standard deviation among private school and public-private subsidized students system respectively. Foods that show a greater segmentation in consumption were dairy and fruit.

Los alarmantes cambios en el perfil epidemiológico nutricional de la población escolar en Chile han hecho de los hábitos alimentarios una preocupación de creciente interés para las políticas educativas y de salud pública. Esta investigación compara, con base a índices construidos ad hoc y estadísticos descriptivos e inferenciales, la dimensión hábitos alimentarios en la población de alumnos de octavo básico 2013 según el tipo de establecimiento al que pertenecen. Luego se analiza la influencia de la gestión preventiva-promocional del establecimiento sobre los hábitos de alimentación saludable de su alumnado. Los resultados dan cuenta de una segmentación de la dieta alimentaria de los estudiantes con base a su dependencia educacional, encontrándose diferencias de 0.49 y 0.39 desviación estándar entre los alumnos del sistema particular pagado y los del sistema municipal y particular subvencionado respectivamente. Los alimentos que evidenciaron una mayor segmentación en su consumo fueron los lácteos y las frutas.

Consumo de bebidas azucaradas en adolescentes escolarizados de la provincia de salta. Centro nacional de investigaciones nutricionales, 2014 / Sweetened beverages consumption in school adolescents in the province of salta. National centre of nutritional investigations, 2014

El consumo elevado de bebidas azucaradas se ha relacionado con mayor prevalencia de obesidad y hábitos de vida no saludables. Sus calorías, vacías de nutrientes, son elegidas por muchos consumidores, entre ellos adolescentes, constituyendo la mayor fuente de azúcares añadidos en sus dietas. La ingesta calórica resultante del consumo de estas bebidas es un factor que podría contribuir al aumento de peso entre los jóvenes. Objetivos: evaluar la prevalencia y asociación de factores nutricionales, socio-demográficos y hábitos de vida con consumo frecuente de bebidas azucaradas en adolescentes escolarizados de Salta (2008-2009). Metodología: estudio transversal. Muestreo probabilístico de escuelas de nivel medio. Valoración antropométrica, cuestionario de frecuencia de consumo de alimentos y hábitos de vida a adolescentes del último curso (16-20 años). Análisis estadístico: distribución de frecuencias, chi2. Regresión logística multivariada (OR, p< 0,05). SPSS19, EPI-INFO.Resultados: se evaluaron 659 adolescentes; 73,7% consumía bebidas azucaradas en forma frecuente (>3 veces/semana), 42,8% no realizaba actividad física. La prevalencia de sobrepeso/obesidad fue de 13,8 y 3,9 %. El consumo de bebidas azucaradas se asoció a familias de bajos ingresos (OR 1.63), al consumo frecuente de golosinas (OR 2.26) y la falta de actividad física (OR 2.24). No se asoció con el estado nutricional. Conclusiones: se observa consumo elevado de bebidas azucaradas, asociado a hábitos de vida no saludables y familias de bajos ingresos. Es imperativo aplicar estrategias de salud pública, como la educación sobre la ingesta de bebidas y su reemplazo por líquidos más saludables.

The high consumption of sweetened beverages has beenlinked to increased prevalence of obesity and unhealthy living habits. Their calories, nutrient de cient, are chosen by many consumers, including adolescents, constituting the largest source of added sugars in their diets. The resulting caloric intake from consumption of these drinks is a factor that may contribute to weight gain among young adults.Objective: to evaluate the prevalence and association of nutritional, socio- demographic and lifestyle factors with frequent consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages among adolescent students of the last course (2008-2009). Methods: cross-sectional study. Probability sampling of high schools. Anthropometric evaluation, frequency questionnaire and food consumption habits of last year teenagers (16-20 years). Statistical analysis: frequency distribution, chi2. Multivariate logistic regression (OR, p < 0,05).SPSS 19. EPIINFO. Results: 659 adolescents were evaluated, 73,7% consumed sugary drinks frequently (> 3times/week), 42,8% did not perform physical activity. The prevalence of overweight / obesity was 13,8% and 3,9%. Consumption of sweetened beverages was associated with low-income families (OR 1.63), frequent consumption of sweets (OR 2.26) and lack of physical activity (OR 2.24). It was not associated with the nutritional status. Conclusion: High consumption of sugar-sweetened beveragesis associated with unhealthy life habits and low-income families. It is imperative to implement public health strategies, such as education about beverage intake and replacing them with healthier liquids.

Diseño y validación de un cuestionario de hábitos de vida de alimentación y actividad física para escolares de 8-12 años / Design and validation of a questionnaire to assess healthhabits of school children aged 8-12

Introducción: El sobrepeso y la obesidad son actualmente un serio problema de salud pública en México, principalmente en la etapa infantil, según la Encuesta Nacional de Salud y Nutrición (ENSANUT, 2012). La obesidad es una enfermedad multifactorial, en la cual se involucran aspectos genéticos, ambientales y de estilo de vida. Para prevenir y tratarla deben modificarse los hábitos de vida, mediante promoción y educación para la salud. Para cambiar los hábitos de la población primero se debe conocer cuáles son, posteriormente crear estrategias para modificarlos. No existen cuestionarios para identificar los hábitos de vida saludables en niños escolares en nuestro medio. Objetivo: Diseñar y evaluar la fiabilidad y validez del cuestionario. Métodos: Se aplicó en 417 escolares. Se usaron medidas de tendencia central y dispersión para los dominios y grupos; consistencia interna mediante alpha de Cronbach y correlación interescalar. Resultados: Se encontró que los 27 ítems en los dos dominios superaron el estándar propuesto de fiabilidad (α de Cronbach) mayor a 0.50. Se encontró correlación aceptable, en las diferentes dimensiones del cuestionario (total vs. dominios). La estabilidad test-retest es superior a 0.75 en las dos dimensiones; en los análisis de validez efectuados (de contenido y constructo) los resultados son satisfactorios. Conclusiones: La versión del cuestionario reúne los criterios de consistencia interna y validez de contenido y constructo. Dichos resultados ponen de manifiesto que el cuestionario propuesto pueda ser utilizado como una herramienta para valorar los hábitos de vida en escolares.

Introduction: Being over weight and obesity are currently serious public health problems in Mexico, particularly in childhood. According to the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (ENSANUT, 2012), obesity is a multifactorial disease in which genetic, environmental and lifestyle issues are involved. To prevent and treat obesity lifestyle should be altered through health promotion and education. To change the habits of the population, first they need to be recognised, then strategies to modify them developed. Presently, there are no questionnaires to identify healthy habits in school children in our area. Objective: To design and evaluate the reliability and validity of a questionnaire that assesses health habits in children. Methods: 417 schoolchildren undertook the questionnaire. Measures of central tendency and dispersion for domains and groups were used; internal consistency using Cronbach's alpha and interscalar correlation. Results: It was found that the 27 items in the 2 domains exceeded the suggested standard of reliability (Cronbach α) greater than 0.50. Acceptable correlation was found in the different dimensions of the questionnaire (total vs. domains). The test-retest stability was higher than 0.75 in both dimensions; in analyses performed on validity (content and construct) the results were satisfactory. Conclusions: The version of the questionnaire met the criteria of internal consistency and content validity and construct. These results show that the proposed questionnaire can be used as a tool to assess lifestyle in school children.

Factores promotores de cultura nutricional en adolescentes y adultos jóvenes de la Universidad de La Sabana / Promoting factors of nutritional culture in adolescents and young adult of the Universidad de La Sabana

Objetivo: Evaluar la composición corporal, el perfil lipídico y principales hábitos de vida saludable en la población estudiada. Materiales y métodos: Medición de la composición corporal por medio de impedanciómetro, muestras de sangre para la determinación de colesterol total, triglicéridos y lipoproteínas (HDL y LDL) en 161 jóvenes universitarios (17-28 años). Resultados: 74.6 % normopeso, 10.5 % bajo peso, 14.2 % sobrepeso y 1 % obesidad. Química sanguínea: 23 % presentaba hipercolesterolemia, 13.7 % hipertrigliceridemia, 31% bajo c-HDL y 2.5 % alto c-LDL. Un 40.63 % de las mujeres y 50 % de los hombres son fumadores; 40 % de las mujeres y 21.5 % de los hombres consume frutas diariamente; 17 % de las mujeres y 33.33 % de los hombres consume alcohol de manera semanal. El 62.50 % de la población entrevistada que se encuentra en sobrepeso refirió que no realiza actividad física. Conclusiones: Estos hallazgos nos sugieren que es importante reforzar en nuestra población una cultura de hábitos saludables, caracterizada por una alimentación saludable y una mayor actividad física, que constituyen dos de las principales alternativas para la prevención de enfermedades crónicas no trasmisibles.

Introduction: The assessment of body composition, as well as knowledge of risk factors among young university students is of great interest. Objectives: To evaluate body composition, lipid profile and characterize students' health lifestyles. Materials and methods: University students (n=161) (17-28 years), were tested for body composition by impedance meter, blood samples for total cholesterol, triglycerides and lipoprotein (HDL and LDL). Results: 74.6 % had normal weight, 10.5 % were underweight, 14.2 % overweight and 1 % were obese. Blood chemistry: 23% had hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia 13.7 %, 3% low HDL-C and 2.5 % high LDL-C. A 40.63 % of women and 50% of men are smokers, 40% of women and 21.5 % of men consume fruits daily, 17 % of women and 33.33 % of men consume alcohol on a weekly basis. Of the surveyed overweight population, 62.50 % do not engage in physical activity. Conclusions: These findings suggest the importance of strengthening healthy practices in the students population; healthy diet and increased physical activity, are two of the main alternatives for the prevention of chronic non-reportable diseases.

Asociación entre participación social de los niños con discapacidad y la satisfacción de los padres / Relationship between the social participation of children with disabilities and the satisfaction of their parents

Objetivo: determinar la asociación entre la participación social de los niños con discapacidad y la satisfacción de los padres con la participación social de sus hijos. Métodos: estudio de corte transversal realizado en 80 niños de 5-13 años (9±2,7 años) con discapacidad, residentes en Bucaramanga y su área metropolitana, seleccionados por conveniencia. Se aplicó el instrumento de evaluación de hábitos de vida. Se calculó el coeficiente de correlación de Spearman (p). Resultados: el puntaje global de participación social fue de 6±2,3 y de satisfacción de los padres con la participación social fue 3,6±0,7. El hábito con mayor correlación fue comunicación (p= 0,83), y con menor relaciones interpersonales (p= 0,44); en el puntaje global se evidencia muy buena correlación entre participación social y satisfacción de los padres con la participación social (p= 0,82). Conclusiones: al plantear objetivos y tratamientos se debe tener en cuenta tanto participación social como satisfacción de los padres con la participación social y no tomarlas por separado.

Objectives: to determine the association between the social participation of the children with disabilities and the satisfaction of their parents with it. Methods: cross-sectional study conducted in eighty 5 to 13 years-old children (9±2.7 years) with disabilities, who lived in the metropolitan area of Bucaramanga and conveniently selected. The life-habit scale assessment was used. Spearman's correlation coefficient was estimated (p). Results: the global scoring of social participation was 6±2.3 and of the satisfaction of the parents with their children's social participation was 3.6±0.7. The habit with the highest correlation coefficient was communication (p= 0.83) and that with the lowest coefficient was personal relationships (p= 0.44). In the global scoring, very good correlation was found between the social participation and the satisfaction of the parents with this participation (p= 0.82) Conclusions: at the time of putting forward objectives and treatments, both the social participation and the satisfaction of parents with it should be taken into consideration jointly rather than separately.

Jornada de trabalho e comportamento de saúde entre enfermeiros de hospitais de grande porte no município do Rio de Janeiro / Working hours and health behavior among nurses in large hospitals in the city of Rio de Janeiro

O presente estudo tem como objetivos analisar as diferenças de gênero na descrição da jornada profissional e doméstica e avaliar sua associação com comportamentos relacionados à saúde entre enfermeiros envolvidos com assistência hospitalar no município do Rio de Janeiro. Trata-se de um censo realizado em 18 hospitais de grande porte entre 2011 e 2011. (...) O fator tempo é fundamental na prática e adoção de uma vida mais saudável. Portanto, considerar a jornada profissional e doméstica nos estudos que avaliam a saúde, o cuidado prestado é particularmente relevante no contexto de trabalhadores de enfermagem. Em que pese suas limitações,o objetivo principal deste estudo foi alcançado. Os resultados ressaltam a necessidade de atividades de promoção da saúde entre enfermeiros do contexto dos hospitais públicos.

Levantamento dos hábitos de vida e fatores associados à ocorrência de câncer de tabagistas do município de Sidrolândia (MS, Brasil) / Survey of the life-styles and factors associated with the occurrence of cancer in smokers from the city of Sidrolândia (MS, Brazil)

O estudo refere-se a um levantamento dos hábitos de vida e fatores associados à ocorrência de câncer de tabagistas de Sidrolândia (MS). Participaram 501 tabagistas cadastrados no Programa de Saúde da Família, que foram identificados pelos agentes comunitários de saúde. Responderam a um formulário baseado nos inquéritos utilizados pelo Instituto Nacional de Câncer e Programa de Prevenção e Vigilância. Os resultados coletados demonstraram que os sujeitos deste estudo são em sua maioria mulheres de 26 a 45 anos de idade (p= 0,035), residem com companheiro, não trabalham fora, têm pouca escolaridade e renda familiar per capita de até um salário mínimo. Começaram a fumar na adolescência e fazem de uso de cigarro industrializado. Fumam uma média de dez cigarros por dia, inclusive dentro de casa, mesmo sabendo que isso faz mal à saúde, expondo a família ao tabagismo passivo. Quanto aos problemas de saúde, 30,6 por cento têm problemas respiratórios/alérgicos; 17,4 por cento, pressão alta; e 10,8 por cento, depressão. O sedentarismo foi relatado por 77,6 por cento dos entrevistados; o hábito frequente de ingerir bebidas alcoólicas, por 48,7 por cento; e o excesso de peso, por 37,1 por cento. Apenas 5,8 por cento dos entrevistados relataram somente tabagismo; 94,2 por cento apresentaram, além do tabagismo, um ou mais desses fatores associados à ocorrência de câncer.

The study refers to a survey of the life-styles and factors associated with the occurrence of cancer in smokers of Sidrolândia (MS, Brazil). Study participants were 501 smokers registered in the Family Health Program, which were identified by community health agents. They answered a questionnaire based on the surveys used by the National Institute of Cancer and Prevention and Surveillance Program. The results showed that: the subjects are mostly women from 26 to 45 years of age (p= 0,035), living with a partner, do not work out, have little schooling and per capita family income of up to one minimum wage. Also they began to smoke in adolescence and smoke industrialized cigarette. They smoke an average of ten cigarettes a day, even indoors, even knowing that this is harmful to health, exposing the family to passive smoking. As for health problems, 30.6 percent have respiratory problems/allergy, 17.4 percent high-pressure and 10.8 percent depression. The sedentary was reported by 77.6 percent of the interviewees, the frequent habit of drinking alcohol by 48.7 percent and over-weight by 37.1 percent. Only 5.8 percent of respondents reported only smoking, 94.2 percent presented one or more of these factors associated with the occurrence of cancer.

Percepción de las actividades de educación para la salud en un grupo de personas que asisten a programas de promoción de la salud y prevención de la enfermedad cardiovascular: Bogotá, D. C., noviembre a diciembre de 2009 / Perception of health education activities in a group of people who attend health promotion and cardiovascular disease prevention programs: Bogotá, D. C., November to December 2009

El presente estudio surgió de la necesidad de la investigadora por plantear desde "otras perspectivas"; las de los individuos objetos de las acciones; de los programas de educación para el cuidado de la salud cardiovascular, cuales son en general la o las motivaciones hacia el inicio de cambios de hábitos que les permitan mantener y propiciar niveles óptimos para su salud cardiovascular, así como determinar si el proceso que se realiza para ello desde este tipo de actividades en el rol que corresponde al cuidado de enfermería, es acorde a las expectativas y necesidades de los individuos o comunidades objeto de ello y conocer cuánto la tradición, el contexto y los conocimientos influyen en la asunción y responsabilidad del comportamiento y control de las acciones encaminadas al cuidado de la salud. Con lo cual el objetivo planteado para este estudio fue: describir las percepciones de las actividades de educación para la salud como parte del cuidado de enfermería, en un grupo de personas asistentes a programas de promoción de la salud y prevención de la enfermedad cardiovascular, en la ciudad de Bogotá, D. C., de Noviembre a Diciembre de 2009. El desarrollo de la metodología que siguió esta investigación comprende un estudio cualitativo, descriptivo interpretativo de los datos ofrecidos en entrevista semi-estructurada, realizada con 14 participantes de una IPS de Bogotá; para analizar la información, se usó el método de Colaizzi, el cual permitió interpretar los hallazgos y obtener la agrupación de 16 categorías que describen la percepción del fenómeno en estudio.

This study was developed by the needs of the investigator to propose from "other perspectives", those generated by the individuals subject to the actions; and the education programs for the cardiovascular health care; what is the motivation or motivations to initiate changes in the habits that allow to maintain and produce optimum levels for the cardiovascular health care, as well as identify if the processes developed for this cardiovascular health care, from this type of activities in the role assigned to the nursery care, is aligned to the expectations and needs of the individuals or communities subject to this matter and to know if the tradition, context, and knowledge have an influence in the presumption and responsibility of the behavior and control of the actions related to the health care. Having said that, the objective proposed for this study was: to describe the perceptions of the health education activities as part of the nursery care, in a group of persons who assist to health care programs and prevention of cardiovascular decease in Bogota during November and December of 2009. The methodology followed by this investigation is composed by a qualitative, interpretative descriptive study from data offered by semi structured interview, developed with 14 individuals of an IPS in Bogotá; in order to analyze the information, the Colazzi method was used, this method allowed the interpretation of findings and to get the consolidation of 16 categories which describes the perception of the phenomenon under study.

Características pessoais e institucionais e comportamentos de autocuidado de docentes de enfermagem segundo os modos adaptativos de Roy: estudo em instituições públicas do estado Rio de Janeiro / Personal and institutional characteristics and nursing teaching’s behaviors of self care acording to the Roy’s adaptable modes: study in public institutions of the Rio de Janeiro state

Este trabalho enfoca a promoção da vida através de comportamentos saudáveis, tendo como objetivos: delinear o perfil sociodemográfico e institucional/profissional dos docentes de enfermagem e analisar seus hábitos de vida, segundo os modos adaptativos de Roy. Foi utilizada a Teoria de Sister Callista Roy, destacando-se os modos de adaptação: fisiológico, autoconceito e interdependência. Implementou-se o método descritivo, quantitativo, transversal através da técnica de autorelato em amostra de 101 docentes. Para investigar esses aspectos, utilizou-se dois questionários, um deles com a escala de Likert, adaptado para a pesquisa. A produção de dados transcorreu de janeiro a março de 2009, após aprovação do Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa, Protocolo 2187, e concordância das quatro instituições públicas de ensino universitário, do Estado do Rio de Janeiro-Brasil, selecionadas. Os dados obtidos foram submetidos á estatística, aplicando-se medidas de tendência central. Quanto ao perfil docente: predomina a faixa etária de 40 a 59 anos, com 69,3%, de união estável. Relacionando cor e crença religiosa, constatou-se 37,6% de católicos brancos. Dos 50 docentes, 5% têm residência própria, na zona norte. Possuem renda individual acima de 8 salários mínimos, 67,32%, a maioria com vínculo trabalhista. No tempo de serviço, 22,94% situam-se entre 11 a 15 anos, com carga horária de 20 a 40 horas. Quanto à titulação, 42,56% são doutores e 80,2% possuem um tipo de regime estatutário. Concernente aos Modos Adaptativos de Roy foi atribuído, predominantemente, o conceito A- hábitos de vida saudável, aos modos Fisiológicos e de Autoconceito, seguindo-se o de Interdependência, que apresentou quatro conceitos B- em busca de hábitos de vida saudável, sendo o mais homogêneo dos três modos. Identificou-se que o Modo Fisiológico foi heterogêneo, pois os valores das medidas de tendência central se distanciam entre si...

This work focuses the life promotion through healthy behaviors, having as objectives: delineate the nursing teaching’s socio-demographic and institutional/professional profile and analyze theirs life habits, according to Roy. It was utilized the Sister Callista Roy’s Theory, detaching the modes of adaptation: physiological, self concept and interdependence. It implemented the descriptive, quantitative, transversal method through the self relate technique in sample of 101 teachers. To investigate these aspects, it was utilized two questionnaires, one of them with the Likert scale, adapted to the research. The data production transcurred from January to March of 2009, after approval of the Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa (Committee of Ethics in Research), Protocol 2187, and concordance of the four public institutions of university teaching of the Rio de Janeiro state – Brazil, selected. The data obtained were submitted to the statistics, applying central trend measures. As for the teaching´ s profile: it predominates the age group of 40 to 59 years, with 69.3% of stable union. In relating religious color and belief, it evidenced 37.6% of the white catholic persons. Of the 50 teachers, 5% have own residence, in the north zone. They have individual income above 8 minimal wages, 67.32%, the most of persons with labor link. In the service time, 22.94% situate between 11 to 15 years, with workload of 20 to 60 hours. As for the degree, 42.56% are doctors and 80.2% have a type of statutory regime. Concerning the Roy´ s Adaptable Modes it was attributed, predominantly, the A concept- healthy life habits, to the Physiological and of Self concept, following the one of Interdependence, that presented four B concepts- in search of healthy life habits, being the most homogeneous of the three modes. It identified that the Physiological Mode was heterogeneous, once the central trend measures values keep away from them...