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Background: Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) constitute a major public health problem for nations worldwide. The emergence of HIV infection has increased the importance of measures aimed at control of STIs. Knowledge of both clinical and demographic changes in STI population may help us better cater our prevention programs to the target population. Aims & Objective: To assess the changing demographic and clinical trends of STIs in a tertiary centre in Ahmedabad over a 10-year period. Material and Methods: A retrospective study of 3606 patients attending a STI clinic in a tertiary hospital in Ahmedabad over a period of ten years (2003-2012). Results: The clinic evaluated 239 patients in 2003, which has increased to 592 in 2012. Women were major attendees. While in 2003, the majority of STIs were viral infections (35%), fungal infections are the most common STIs currently (54%). The most common clinical presentation in 2003 was an ulcer (60%) but with the rise of fungal infections, vaginal/cervical discharge has become the most common presentation. HIV seropositivity over the 10-year period was 6.5%., with herpes genitalis being the single most commonly associated STI. Conclusion: Though fungal STIs form the largest group of STls in Ahmedabad, the plite of viral infections could not be underestimated. Viral infections are not only difficult to treat and have higher chances of recurrence but also associated with high prevalence of HIV. Thus, STI patients continue to be an important risk group for HIV prevention in Ahmedabad, India.
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Background: HIV and Hepatitis B are devastating diseases causing serious global public health problems and are rampant in this part of the country. Risk of vertical transmission occurs in a large number of cases in the absence of immunoprophylaxis. About 30% of world’s population has serological evidence of current or past infection with HBV. Detection of carriers is important in control of infections of this magnitude, failure of which may result in serious complications. Aims & Objective: To study of seroprevalence & determinants of HIV and HBsAg among antenatal mothers in tertiary & secondary care hospitals at Bareilly. Material and Methods: The study was conducted at the Department of Pathology & Microbiology, Rohilkhand Medical College and Hospital, Bareilly. All patients attending Antenatal OPD of a Tertiary and secondary care hospitals, over a period of three years were assessed by subjecting them to serological tests for detection of HIV & HBsAg. Data was extensively analyzed and compared. Results: A total of 30,162 patients attended antenatal OPD during the study period, of which 20,699 were tested for HIV and 20,941 were tested for HBsAg. Of these, 12 (0.058%) were positive for HIV and 37 (0.18%) were positive for HBsAg. Conclusion: We studied the dynamics of HIV and Hepatitis B Virus transmission among pregnant women and the factors responsible for its spread to help us take plausible interventions to prevent vertical transmission. The seroprevalence of HIV & HBsAg was low, nonetheless posing a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Prevalence of HIV is found to be low, but it cannot actually be determined due to a very high refusal rate.
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Background: HIV infection is a major public health problem as it has dramatically increased the global burden of disease. HIV infected patients experience a variety of clinical signs and symptoms. Aims & Objective: Our objective was to study the profile of clinical features and opportunistic infections in HIV infected patients attending a tertiary care medical college hospital in Hassan, Karnataka. Material and Methods: A total of 124 HIV infected patients attending the ART Centre and the ICTC of Hassan Institute of Medical Sciences, Hassan, Karnataka were enrolled in the study, after obtaining informed consent. Clinical symptoms were recorded by direct questioning. Documented opportunistic infections were noted from patient records. Results: 80 (64.5%) HIV positive patients were males and 44 (35.5%) females. Mean age of the patients was 36.5 ± 6.0 years. The common symptoms were lethargy and fatigue 90 (72.5%), prolonged fever 86 (69.3%), weakness 84 (67.7%), body-ache and joint pain 84 (67.7%), loss of appetite 82 (66.1%), weight loss 80 (64.5%), cough (44.5%), chronic diarrhoea 68 (54.8%) and Nausea and Vomiting 64 (51.6%).The overall proportion of symptomatic patients was significantly higher than the number with etiologically documented opportunistic infections (41.9%). Pulmonary tuberculosis (37.9%) was the most frequently documented opportunistic infection. Conclusion: Affordable high quality laboratory diagnostic facilities for the diagnosis of opportunistic infections under the public health program will help to obtain an accurate picture of the range of opportunistic infections in HIV patients in India.
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Fundamento: En 1995 la autora demostró un déficit en la información mínima indispensable sobre la infección por VIH/SIDA, y cómo proceder seguro en los tratamientos a las personas viviendo con esta enfermedad. Con posterioridad, se capacitó a gran parte del personal de post grado y se incluyó en los programas de pre grado. Diez años después, conocimos la situación y la comparamos. Objetivo: Evaluar y comparar la evolución de la información que sobre la infección de VIH/SIDA y aspectos de bioseguridad tenía el personal de estomatología en la provincia Camagüey, diez años después de realizarse las primeras intervenciones educativas para modificar esta información. Método: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, se aplicó la misma encuesta que al inicio del estudio, a una muestra conformada por doscientos noventa y tres personas entre profesionales, técnicos de atención estomatológica y estudiantes de 4to y 5to año de la carrera de estomatología. Los datos se procesaron en una computadora Pentium a través del paquete estadístico SPSS para Windows. Resultados: Se comprobó que hubo una modificación favorable después de los diez años de un 63,5 por ciento en el nivel de información general que sobre la infección por el VIH/SIDA tenía el personal de estomatología. Conclusión: En relación al estudio anterior, diez años después hubo una modificación favorable en el nivel de información general de la infección por VIH/SIDA en el personal de estomatología.
Background: In 1995 the author demonstrated a deficit in the indispensable minimal information about the HIV/AIDS infection, and how to proceed in the treatments to people living with this disease. Subsequently, a great part of the postgraduate personnel was capacitated and it was included in the pre-graduate programs. Ten years later, we knew the situation and we compare it. Objective: To evaluate and to compare the evolution of the information about the HIV/AIDS infection and the biosecurity aspects had the stomatological personnel in Camagüey province, ten years after of being carried out the first educational interventions to modify this information. Method: A descriptive study was conducted, and it was also applied the same survey of the beginning of the study, to a sample conformed by 293 people among professionals, technicians of stomatological care and students of 4th and 5th year of the stomatological career. Data were processed in a Pentium computer through the SPSS statistical package for Windows. Results: It was verified that there was a favorable modification after the ten years of 63, 5 percent in the level of the general information about the HIV/AIDS infection had the stomatological personnel. Conclusión: In relation to the previous study, in 10 years later had a favorable modification in the level of general information of the HIV/AIDS infection in the stomatologic staff.
Subject(s)
Humans , Dental Staff , HIVABSTRACT
Although epidural fibrosis after laminectomy is considered to be the cause of pain in a number of patients, the exact relationship of postoperative scar tissue and symptoms remains controversial. However it is generally accepted that epidural fibrosis after surgical decompression of neural tissue has to be avoided. To diminish the likelihooa that such a scar will form, fat grafts have been used to create an interpositional membrane. Compression of a nerve after the use of a fat graft is rare; postoperative cauda equina syndrome, resulting from compression by a grafted fat. We report the case of a patient who had this complication.
Subject(s)
Humans , Cauda Equina , Cicatrix , Decompression, Surgical , Fibrosis , Laminectomy , Membranes , Polyradiculopathy , Spine , TransplantsABSTRACT
During January 1975 to December 1979, myelographic studies followed by operation was carried out on 150 cases of lumbar H.I.V.D. at Chung Nam National University Hospital. As to the myelographic findings, mode, level of indentation, and positive and negative finding were analyzed in comparison with operative findings. The followings results were obtained: 1. Plain radiography has a Iittle value In diagnosis of Iumbar H.I.V.D. about one third of 150 cases show significant sign in plain film study. 2. The major discrepancies between myelographic and operative findings were found in 11.3%, while the minor discrepancies were 4%, so giving an accuracy of 84.7%. 3. Positive myelographic finding(120 cases) consisted of smooth round defect in 83 cases (48.8%), unilateral wedge defect In 45 cases (26.4%), block defect In 18 cases (10.5%), bilateral wedge defect in 13 cases (7.6%), and hourglassdefect In 11 cases (6.4%), respectively. 4. Operative findings revealed the protruded disc: 74.5%, bulging: 11.1%, extruded: 22%, and mlgrated: 1.7%. 5. The myelographic finding of bulging type disc usually showed smooth round filling defect and those of protruded were smooth round filling defect, wedge shape and block filling defect, while the extruded type revealed smooth round filling defect In the most cases. 6. The myelography can be a valuable aid in the determination of the level and degree of H.I.V.D. and very helpful ln differential diagnosis.