ABSTRACT
Objective To analyze the efficacy and safety of HAA induction regimen consisted of homoharringtonine (HHT),cytarabine (Ara-C) and aclacinomycin (ACM) in naive and refractory relapsed acute myeloid leukemia.Methods Data from 66 acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cases hospitalized and treated with HAA induction regimen was analyzed retrospectively.Results 45 of the 66 cases suffered from naive AML,and 21 were refractory relapsed.HAA efficacy in naive AML was evaluated in 41 cases with 36 in complete remission (CR) and 1 in partial remission (PR).The efficiency of HAA induction regimen was 90.2 ％ (37/41)in naive AML group and 42.9 ％ (9/21) in refractory relapsed group,respectively.There were no differences (P ＞ 0.05) when considering patient' s gender,age,disease subtype and white blood cell count at onset.14 patients in CR with naive AML were followed-up for a median time of 9 months (2-17 months),and 5 cases relapsed (35.7 ％) in a range of 2-8 months.The median myelosuppression period was 14 days (3-23 days).Nausea and vomiting [20 ％ (13/66)] were the major side effects of HAA regimen,and the other side effects were abdominal pain and diarrhea [9 ％ (6/66).After chemotherapy,53 ％ (35/66) of the cases experienced infection/fever due to neutropenia.Other severe non-hematological side effects did not occur.Conclusion HAA regimen may be an ideal choice for the induction chemotherapy of naive and relapsed refractory AML.
ABSTRACT
O fungo Phakopsora pachyrhizi Sydow & Sydow representa grande ameaça à sojicultura nas principais regiões produtoras do mundo, onde significativas perdas foram relatadas. Na quantificação de danos causados, muitas são as variáveis a serem estudadas, como área abaixo da curva de progresso da doença (AACPD), absorção de luz da área foliar sadia (HAA) e duração da área foliar sadia (HAD), além das curvas de progresso da doença. Neste trabalho, objetivou-se verificar a influência de diferentes herbicidas e fungicidas no progresso da doença, bem como suas implicações nas variáveis referentes à área foliar sadia e à produtividade da cultura. Os tratamentos testados em duas cultivares ('MG/BR46 Conquista' e 'BRS Valiosa RR') foram: 1. Testemunha; 2. Testemunha com herbicidas; 3. Herbicidas e pyraclostrobin (V4) + pyraclostrobin + epoxiconazole (R2 e R5.1); 4. Herbicidas e pyraclostrobin (V4) + epoxiconazole (R2 e R5.1); e 5. Herbicidas (V4) + pyraclostrobin + epoxiconazole (R2 e R5.1). Os herbicidas utilizados em 'MG/BR-46 Conquista' foram sethoxydim, bentazon e chlorimuron-ethyl, sendo utilizado glyphosate na 'BRS Valiosa RR'. O modelo logístico foi o que melhor se adequou à severidade média das avaliações e à curva de progresso da doença. Para o terço inferior, posição do dossel mais propícia à doença, o modelo logístico com taxa variável foi o que mais se ajustou aos dados. A pulverização de pyraclostrobin + epoxiconazole reduziu a taxa de desenvolvimento de P. pachyrhizi em relação à epoxiconazole. A utilização da mistura influenciou as variáveis AACPD, HAA e HAD, sendo estas consideradas apropriadas para a quantificação dos danos provocados pela ferrugem asiática. Na 'MG/BR-46 Conquista', a ação dos herbicidas afetaram temporariamente a área foliar, atingindo indiretamente as variáveis HAA e HAD.
Phakopsora pachyrhizi Sydow & Sydow is the worst threat for soybean crop in the most important growing regions around the world, where great losses were observed. Many variables are studied in the quantification of damage such as area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC), healthy leaf area absorption (HAA), healthy leaf area duration (HAD), in addition to disease progress curves. The present research aimed to evaluate the effect of several herbicides and fungicides on the progress of the disease and its implications for variables related to healthy leaf area and yield. The treatments were evaluated in two cultivars (MG/BR-46 Conquista e BRS Valiosa RR): 1. Control; 2. Control with herbicides; 3. Herbicides and pyraclostrobin (V4) + pyraclostrobin+ epoxiconazole (R2 and R5.1), 4. Herbicides and pyraclostrobin (V4) + epoxiconazole (R2 and R5.1). 5. Herbicides (V4) + pyraclostrobin + epoxiconazole (R2 and R5.1). The herbicides used in MG/BR-46 Conquista were sethoxydim, bentazon and chlorimuron-ethyl; in BRS Valiosa RR, glyphosate was used. The logistic was the model that best adapted to the mean severity ratings and the disease progress curve. At the bottom of canopy, position more favorable to this disease, the logistic model with variable rate was the model that better explain the data. The spraying of strobilurin's group associated with triazole (pyraclostrobin + epoxiconazole) reduced the rate of asian rust development, in relation to the group of ergosterol biosynthesis inhibitors fungicide (epoxiconazole). The pyraclostrobin + epoxiconazole influenced the variables AUDPC, HAA and HAD, and these can be considered suitable to quantify damage caused by this disease. In MG/BR-46 Conquista, the herbicides action affects temporarily the leaf area, affecting indirectly the HAA and HAD variables.
ABSTRACT
It Is known that free radical is produced by many environmental factors and leads to a variety of pathophysiological lesions often resulting in metabolic Impairment and cell death. Many researches have been performed to limit production of the tree radical. The superoxide dismutase (SOD) has been known to cure of disease relevant to oxygen poisoning. The bis-carboxylethylgemanium sesquioxide (Ge-132) has been suggested to show scavenging activity to precent oxygen damage from lesions. In this study, bioeffects of SOD and Ge-132 for dismutation and scavenging ol the harmful free radical were investigated in Sprague-Dawely rats exposed to the hyperbaric oxygen (HBO 100% oxygen) and hyperbaric ambient air (HAA) under 3.0 atmospheres absolute (ATA) for 180 minutes. When rats were treated with SOD alone anti SOD plus Ge-132 after exposed to HBO, concentrations of potassium and sodium tended to significantly decrease to those in control at levels of p<0.05 and p<0.01, respectively. In contrast, when rats were treated with the SOD only and the SOD only Ge-132 after HBO exposure, creatine phosphokinase significantly increased to the normal level in control. To see whether the SOD anti SOD plus Ge-132 could heal lesions due 4o the tree radicals, rats were exposed to the HBO environment and treated with the SOD alone and SOD plus Ge-132 and then those lung tissues were histopathologically observed using transmission electron microscope (TEM). Lung In exposure to the HAA environment was congested and its alveolar sac was filled with several erythrocytes. Lung to the HBO environment was filled with more erythrocytes than in the HAA. In addition, there were severe lesions of cellular necrosis, hemorrhage, infiltration of inflammatory leucocytes. When rats in exposure to HBO were treated with SOD alone or SOD plus Ge-132, no pathological changes in the lung were observed in comparison with control group. These data indicated that the Ge-132 may synergistically Influence the SOD to remove the tree radicals harmful to tissue.