ABSTRACT
Background: HBV(Hepatitis B Virus) infection is an occupational hazard for health care workers and the risk of acquiring HBV infections depends on the frequency of percutaneous and permucosal exposure to blood or blood-contaminated body fluids. Avoiding occupational blood exposure is primary preventive means for the transmission of HBV. However, the single most effective measure for the prevention of hepatitis B is active immunisation. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried among 204 medical and nursing students in second year of their course using pre-designed questionnaire comprised of questions which included age, sex, qualification, awareness, occupational risk perception & vaccination against hepatitis B infection. Results: 69.12% of the respondents knew various modes of transmission of hepatitis B. More than half (56.86%) of the respondents knew that HBV infection causes liver cancer. 79.41% of the respondents knew the correct course of action after a needle stick injury. Only 61.27% of the respondents knew that blood soaked cotton and dressings are discarded in yellow coloured bags and that sharps and needles are disposed in white coloured bags. Only 36.46% of medical students & 57.41% of nursing students were completely vaccinated. Conclusion: Considering the long-term consequences of HBV infection, the health of the study population is at risk. Preventive strategies against the diseases, especially vaccination programmes, should be developed and taken aggressively to improve the vaccination coverage among the study population.
ABSTRACT
The purpose of this study was to investigate the significance of the algorithm and results of transfusion transmitted infection tests in blood donor. Screening test results of the 10454 blood donor samples were evaluated the intra-assay correlations among the initial reactive and repeat screening results used in a third-generation enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA, SD) for hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV). and HIV in blood samples. The initial reactive test results was positive 645 (6.2%) for HBV, 409(3.9%) for HCV, and 51(0.5%) for HIV however; repeat results was determined positive using the algorithm as follows: 462(4.4%) HBV, 341(3.3%)HCV, and 11(0.1%) HIV. Repeat screening HBV positive results was down until 4.4%, HCV 3.3% and WW 0.1% cumpairtt) with the initial results. As a result, false positive was determined I .X% for HBV, 0.6% for HCV, and 0.4% for HIV by initial reactive screening tests. The results of this study show that the implementation of the testing algorithm in blood transfusion services has a positive implication and reduces false positive rates in donors bloods.
ABSTRACT
Cancer prevention is a challenging project both in the basic and clinical medicine. In particular, prevention of liver cancer is the most urgent task in countries where the incidence of hepatitis virus-related liver cancer is rising. As reviewed in this article, liver cancer is going to be the first cancer that will be actually prevented by primary and secondary interventions. Even the improvement of absolute survival of the patients can be expected by successful prevention, as already demonstrated in a few clinical trials. Thus, prevention of liver cancer is promising to provide not only cost-effectiveness by morbidity reduction but also cost-benefit by mortality improvement.