ABSTRACT
@#Long working hours with video display unit without appropriate breaks could drain the eyes. This study intends to investigate the efficiency of eye rest-break application to reduce dried eye symptoms by increasing blink rates. Blink rates and dried eye symptoms score among laboratory workers before and after the implementation of eye rest-break application were compared. The numbers of blink rates were recorded using a webcam for 5 minutes without the subjects aware when the recording starts or ends. Then, the Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) was used to measure the dried eye symptoms. For eyes rest-break, EyeLeo© application was used. It is computer application that gives reminders to video display unit (VDU) users to take short breaks for their eyes. Six laboratory workers who are constantly working with VDU were selected as subjects. Data was analysed using Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test, to test the comparison between variables before and after intervention by reporting its median (inter quartile range, IQR). The findings showed that the median after intervention (39.5, 10) is significantly higher (p-value = 0.028) than the median before intervention (7.3, 3). As for dried eye symptoms, median for Ocular Surface Disease Index after intervention (27.9, 8.9) is significantly lower (p-value = 0.027) than the median before intervention (36.5, 9.4). As a conclusion, application such as EyeLeo© eye rest-break is a potential intervention and may be used to increase blink rates and reducing dried eye symptoms among visual display unit workers.
ABSTRACT
We provide a novel method to infer finger flexing motions using a four-channel surface electromyogram (EMG). Surface EMG signals can be recorded from the human body non-invasively and easily. Surface EMG signals in this study were obtained from four channel electrodes placed around the forearm. The motions consist of the flexion of five single fingers (thumb, index finger, middle finger, ring finger, and little finger) and three multi-finger motions. The maximum likelihood estimation was used to infer the finger motions. Experimental results have shown that this method can successfully infer the finger flexing motions. The average accuracy was as high as 97.75%. In addition, we examined the influence of inference accuracies with the various arm postures.
Subject(s)
Arm , Electrodes , Fingers , Forearm , Human Body , PostureABSTRACT
O aparecimento de eventos trombóticos em pacientes com câncer ocorre com incidência acima daquela estimada, isto por que a trombose é subdiagnosticada neste grupo de pacientes. Esse estudo tem como objetivo identificar a freqüência de eventos trombóticos diagnosticados em pacientes do HC1 (Instituto Nacional do Câncer) no período de 30 meses e correlacionar com os seguintes fatores de risco: faixa etária, presença de anticorpos anti-fosfolipídeos, níveis de fatores da coagulação. O estudo de 1437 pacientes submetidos a exames para diagnóstico de trombose (de um movimento de 16522 internações e 11253 cirurgias na instituição) mostrou uma alta freqüência de tromboses diagnosticadas na instituição (477 eventos de tromboses venosas e arteriais e 39 eventos de tromba embolismo pulmonar). Não houve diferença no risco de trombose nas três faixas etárias avaliadas (até 18 anos, 19 a 59 anos e acima de 59 anos), a presença de anticorpo anti-cardiolipina não aumentou o risco de tromboses, porém a presença de anticoagulante lúpico aumentou o risco de tromboses em mais de três vezes. Dos 81 pacientes estudados no ambulatório devido à suspeita de distúrbio da hemostasia pelos exames de triagem, a maioria apresentava níveis de fatores de coagulação normais ou acima do normal, sendo que acima de 50% deles com níveis trombogênicos de fibrinogênio, fator VIII ou fator IX. Porém, apesar do aumento dos níveis de fatores de coagulação não houve um aumento na freqüência de trombose neste grupo de pacientes
The real frequency of thrombotic events in cancer patients is probably underestimated; under diagnosis is one of the main reasons. The aim of this study is to identify the frequency of thrombotic events diagnosed on patients at HC1 (Instituto Nacional do Câncer) on a 30 month period and correlate with the following risk factors: age, presence of antiphospholipid antibodies, (LA and aCL) measurement of the clotting factors levels and tissue factor expression. Studing 1437 patients submited to diagnosis proceedings for thrombosis (from a population of 16,522 in patients and 11,253 surgeries), we found a high frequency of thrombosis at our cancer institution (477 events of arterial and venous thrombosis and 39 pulmonary emboli). There weren't differences on thrombotic risk factors among the three age groups (bellow 18, 19 to 59 and above 60). The presence of IgG or IgM aCL did not show a higher risk for thrombosis, but the presence of LA had a three fold increase in thrombotic risk. Df the 81 patients studied for clotting disorders, more than half had thrombogenic values of clotting factors (fibrinogen, factors VIII and IX), but despite these high levels of factors there wasn't an increased thrombotic event rate risk in this group
Subject(s)
Male , Female , Humans , Neoplasms , Risk Factors , ThrombosisABSTRACT
The present study was performed to evaluate the effect of tetracycline-HCl on the change of implant surface microstructure according to application time. Implant with pure titanium machined surface, GBA surface and RBM surface were utilized. Implant surface was rubbed with 50mg/ml tetracycline-HCl solution for 1/2min. 1min. 1 1/2min. 2min. and 2 1/2min. respectively in the test group. Then, specimens were processed for scanning electron microscopic observation. The results of this study were as follow. 1. Both test and control group showed a few shallow grooves and ridges in pure titanium machined surface implants. There were not significant differences between two group. 2. In GBA surfaces, control group exhibit many porous depression, and each depression were divided by strict border. Experimental group applied with tetracycline-HCl for 2min. were similar with control group. But when applied for 2 1/2min. surface alteration and border breakdown started, resulting enlargement of the porous depression. 3. In RBM surface, control group exhibit rough, uneven surface with crater-like depression can be found. The surface alteration started when tetracycline-HCl was applied for 30sec. resulting breakdown of the crater-like depression. Depression became larger as applying time increased.
Subject(s)
Depression , TitaniumABSTRACT
The present study was performed to evaluate the effect of tetracycline-HCL on the change of implant surface microstructure according to application time. Implant with pure titanium machined surface, double coated FBR(R) surface and oxidized CellNest surface were utilized. Implant surface was rubbed with 50mg/ml tetracycline-HCL solution for 1/2, 1, 1 1/2, 2 and 2 1/2min. respectively in the test group. Then, specimens were processed for scanning electron microscopic observation. The results of this study were as follows. 1. Both test and control group showed a few shallow grooves and ridges in pure titanium machined surface implants. There were not significant differences between two groups. 2. The double coated FBR(R) surfaces showed fine crystalline structures. The roughness of surfaces conditioned with tetracycline-HCL was lessened relative to the application time. 3. The oxidized CellNest surfaces showed the porous structures. The surface conditioning with tetracycline-HCl influenced on its micro-morphology. In conclusion, the detoxification of the affected implant surface with 50mg/ml tetracycline-HCL should be applied respectively with different time according to various implant surfaces.
Subject(s)
Crystallins , TitaniumABSTRACT
The present study was performed to evaluate the effect of tetracycline-HCl on the change of implant surface microstructure according to application time. Implant with pure titanium machined surface, HA-coated surface and dual acid etched surface were utilized. Implant surface was rubbed with 50mg/ml tetracycline-HCL solution for 1/2min., 1min., 1 1/2min., 2min., and 2 1/2min. respectively in the test group. Then, specimens were processed for scanning electron microscopic observation. The results of this study were as follows. 1. Both test and control group showed a few shallow grooves and ridges in pure titanium machined surface implants. There were not significant differences between two groups. 2. In HA-coated surfaces, round particles were deposited irregularly. The roughness of surfaces conditioned with tetracycline-HCL was lessened and the cracks were increased relative to the application time. 3. The etched surfaces showed the honey comb structures. The surface conditioning with tetracycline-HCl didn't influence on its micro-morphology. In conclusion, the detoxification with 50mg/ml tetracycline-HCl must be applied respectively with different time according to various implant surfaces.
Subject(s)
Animals , Comb and Wattles , Honey , TitaniumABSTRACT
The present study was performed to evaluate the effect of tetracycline - HCl on the change of implant surface microstructure according to application time. Implants with pure titanium machined surface, SLA surface and TiO2blasted surface were used. Implant surface was rubbed with 50mg/ml tetracycline - HCl solution for 1/2 min., 1 min., 1 1/2 min., 2 min., and 3min. respectively in the test group and with no conditioning in the control group. Then, the specimens were processed for scanning electron microscopic observation. The following results were obtained. 1. In the pure titanium machined surfaces, the control specimen showed a more or less rough machined surface composed of alternating positive and negative lines corresponding to grooves and ridges. After treatment, machining line was more pronounced for the control specimens. but in general, test specimens were similar to control. 2. In the SLA surfaces, the control specimen showed that the macro roughness was achieved by large-grit sandblasting. subsequently, the acid-etching process created the micro roughness, which thus was superimposed on the macro roughness. 3. In the SLA surfaces, irrespective of the application time of 50mg/ml tetracycline - HCl solution , in general, test specimens were similar to control. 4. In the TiO2blasted surfaces the control specimen showed the rough surface with small pits. The irregularity of the TiO2blasted surfaces with 50mg/ml tetracycline - HCl solution was lessened and the flattened areas were wider relative to the application time of tetracycline - HCl solution. In conclusion, pure titanium machined surfaces and SLA surfaces weren't changed irrespective of the application time of tetracycline - HCl solution. And the TiO2blasted surfaces conditioned with tetracycline - HCl solution began to be changed from 1 1/2 min. This results are expected to be applied to the regenerative procedures for peri-implantitis treatment.
Subject(s)
Peri-Implantitis , Tetracycline , TitaniumABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: In primary syphilis, Treponema pallidum invades skin and mucosa through the epidermis, enters blood vessels and circulates in the blood. Afterwards, T. pallidum migrates out of the blood vessels to the pidermis in secondary syphilis to induce diverse skin findings. Therefore, the epidermis seems to be one of the main targets in syphilis. Most of the epidermal cells are keratinocytes and it can be presumed that T. pallidum infection elicits defence mechanisms at keratinocyte level resulting in changes of the keratinocyte surface molecule expression. OBJECTIVE: We have examined by ELISA whether virulent T. pallidum and its 47-kDa antigen could change the expressions of E cadherin, MHC-I, and ICAM-1 on the surface of HaCaT, a transformed human kerainocyte cell line. METHODS: The 96 well plates of 4 x 10(4) HaCaT cells/well were cultured for 1-2 days at 37 degrees C, and cultured for 16 hours at 37 degrees C including 3x 10(5) T. pallidum per well or its 47-kDa antigen. Then the changes of E-cadherin, MHC-I and, ICAM-I were observed by ELISA. Media alone was used for negative control and TNF-alpha of 10U/well was used for positive control. RESULTS: On culturing with T. pallidum, the expression of E-cadherin and MHC-I increased significantly compared with the negative control. That of ICAM-1 showed increased findings compared to the negative control, but it was not significant. On culturing with its 47-kDa antigen, the expression of E-cadioerin and MHC-I increased significantly compared with negative control ICAM-1 expression was increased compared to the negative control, but it was not significant. CONCLUSION: The increase in E-cadherin and MHC-I expressions in HaCaT cells cultured with T. pallidum may be related to the defence mechanisms of the host cells.
Subject(s)
Humans , Antigens, Surface , Blood Vessels , Cadherins , Cell Line , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , Epidermis , Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 , Keratinocytes , Mucous Membrane , Skin , Syphilis , Treponema pallidum , Treponema , Tumor Necrosis Factor-alphaABSTRACT
Cl~- localization and periodic acid-silver methenamine techniques have been used for ultrastructural studies on parietal cells of mouse stomach. Cl~- is located only in the intracellular canaliculi (IC) and intercellular space (IS)of parietal cells. The tubulovesicular system (TS) shows various reactions in periodic acid-silver methenamine staining. The positive reaction was demonstrated in the TS which is located near the apical membranes. This indicates that acid secretion is accompanied by polysaccharides secretion in which the TS takes part, and the polysaccharides secretory activity shows its cyclicity which is characterized by the changes of amounts of secretion. The cycle of parietal cells do not synchronize.